1 type of cataract
1. Congenital cataract means that in the first year after the child is born, the lens of the eyeball appears cloudy and white or gray spots can be seen in the pupil. This is generally related to heredity and chromosomes.
2. Senile cataract is an aging phenomenon. With the increase of age, the crystal will gradually harden and become turbid, resulting in impaired vision. Most of them are fogging, discoloration, black spots and diplopia.
3. Traumatic cataract: the lens is broken due to strong impact, and aqueous humor is poured backwards. It is caused by accidents, blunt injuries and sharp injuries. The main manifestations are lens capsule rupture, aqueous humor entering the lens, forming edema and vacuoles, which make the lens turbid.
4. High myopia complicated with cataract generally occurs in people with moderate and high myopia, mainly manifested as floaters and macular hemorrhage.
5. Metabolic cataract is caused by endocrine or biochemical abnormalities, and common diseases such as diabetes, hypokalemia and hypothyroidism may lead to cataract.
6. Complex cataract is caused by other eye diseases. Due to eye inflammation or other degenerative diseases, the lens will cause nutritional or metabolic disorders, leading to turbidity. Common in uveitis, intraocular tumors, retinitis pigmentosa and retinal detachment.
2 treatment of cataract
1. drug therapy
At present, both at home and abroad are in the stage of exploration and research. Some early cataracts will slow down their development and slightly improve their vision after clinical medication. Cataract development from early stage to mature stage is a long process, which may naturally stop at a certain stage of development without seriously affecting vision. Vitamin C, vitamin B2 and vitamin E can be used orally for early cataract, and some drugs can also be used to delay the development of the disease. Usually, some patients with middle-stage cataract can also improve their vision and lens opacity after taking this medicine. However, drug treatment of mature cataract has no practical significance.
2. Surgical therapy
Phacoemulsification is a new type of cataract surgery at home and abroad in recent years. The lens nucleus is chyloused by ultrasonic crushing, and then sucked out together with the cortex. After operation, the posterior lens capsule can be preserved and the chamber intraocular lens can be implanted at the same time. When senile cataract develops to vision below 0.3, or the degree and position of cataract obviously affect or interfere with visual function, patients hope to have good visual quality and can undergo phacoemulsification. Its advantages are small incision, little tissue damage, short operation time and quick vision recovery.
Extracapsular cataract extraction is to expel the turbid lens nucleus and suck it out of the cortex, but leave the posterior lens capsule. The posterior capsule can be preserved and the posterior chamber intraocular lens can be implanted at the same time, and the visual function can be restored immediately after operation. Therefore, extracapsular cataract extraction has become a routine surgical method for cataract.
3 prevention of cataract
1. Pay attention to adjusting your eating habits. The diet should be rich in protein, calcium, trace elements and foods containing vitamins A, B, C and D. Usually, you need to eat more fish, which can maintain normal vision and delay the progress of cataract.
2. Keep your eyes clean. Cataract patients should not rub their eyes with their hands, wipe their eyes with unclean towels and wash their eyes. You should relax after overusing your eyes. Get up and rest every 10 ~ 15 minutes 1 ~ 2 minutes. This is also a preventive measure for cataracts.
3. Pay attention to sun protection. Studies have shown that the exposure of eyes to sunlight every day 1 hour increases the risk of cataract within one year 10%, and the risk of cataract among outdoor workers is three times that of ordinary people. When the sun is strong, you'd better wear sunscreen sunglasses. This is also a preventive measure for cataracts.
4. Actively prevent and treat chronic diseases, including eye diseases and systemic diseases. Diabetes is most likely to cause cataracts, and sugar friends should effectively control blood sugar.
5. Quit smoking and drinking: Smoking is prone to cataracts, which has been proved by practice, and it is necessary to quit smoking as soon as possible. This is a problem that should be paid attention to in cataract prevention.
6. Pay attention to keep a good mood, avoid too much emotional garbage, ensure the smooth circulation of the body and blood, and improve the body's disease resistance. This is also a nursing method for treating cataract.
This article is contributed by Five Blessingg Da Health Copywriter Group.