In the face of sudden disasters, people are hit without any psychological preparation. Seeing death and destruction will cause acute psychological trauma such as anxiety, tension and fear, and even leave irreparable long-term psychological damage. Especially for the people in the disaster areas who lost their loved ones in the earthquake, the loss of their loved ones will cause them a high degree of emotional loss, including sadness, anger (resenting the deceased for abandoning themselves or complaining about their mistakes in some aspects), guilt, self-blame, anxiety, fatigue, helplessness, loneliness, fear and bitter thoughts. Many people not only mourn, but also have nightmares, blame themselves, fantasize that they could have saved their loved ones, and then take the death of their loved ones as their own fault. If the situation is serious, extreme behaviors such as suicide may occur.
Some scholars believe that people's psychological problems after the earthquake can be divided into three types: first, they suffered from a certain disease in the past, and the earthquake led to the recurrence of the old disease; First, people who have experienced earthquakes are old and weak, and all kinds of physiological functions are declining. The earthquake caused them to be nervous and afraid, which in turn led to dizziness, nausea, heart disease and other diseases; First, it is only because of the shock and pain caused by the earthquake that the experiencer will have symptoms such as anxiety, depression, insomnia and fear.
In any case, it is necessary to carry out psychological crisis intervention for those who have experienced the earthquake after the earthquake, especially those who have suffered great psychological damage. Through psychological crisis intervention to appease the emotions of survivors, let them know that it is not their fault that the earthquake took away their loved ones. Help earthquake witnesses make full use of positive coping skills to face and get out of possible psychological shadows.
Psychological crisis intervention refers to taking clear and effective measures for individuals in psychological crisis, so that they can finally overcome the crisis and adapt to life again. The purpose of psychological crisis intervention is to prevent the intervenee from hurting himself or others, and at the same time restore his psychological balance and motivation to continue his normal life.
In order to carry out effective psychological intervention in the crisis, we must know what psychological needs people have in the crisis. During the earthquake, people will be more concerned about the basic survival issues of individuals, such as whether the environment is safe and whether health is guaranteed. I will worry about myself and the people I care about; Will show panic, helplessness, escape, degeneration, fear and other behaviors; I want to reveal my inner feelings about earthquake emergencies; Longing for life to settle down and return to normal as soon as possible; I hope to get the understanding and support of others' emotions. These psychological needs provide a basis for crisis psychological intervention.
Effective crisis intervention is to help people regain their physical and psychological sense of security, relieve or even stabilize the strong fear, shock or sadness caused by the crisis, restore their psychological balance, help them adjust their recent lives, learn effective strategies and healthy behaviors to deal with the crisis, and thus improve their mental health. Crisis intervention usually takes place within hours, days or weeks after a crisis. The development of crisis psychology has special laws, so it is necessary to use immediate, flexible, convenient and short-term counseling strategies to help people adapt to and survive the crisis and restore their normal functions as soon as possible.
Psychological crisis intervention is generally carried out by professional crisis intervention teams. As the object of intervention, individuals should also actively cooperate in order to get out of the psychological shadow and return to normal life as soon as possible. Individuals should pay attention to the sudden earthquake disaster, speak their fears and thoughts boldly, and reduce their inner anxiety through communication. Face and admit your psychological feelings frankly, without forcing yourself to resist or deny the psychological experience of fear, worry, panic and helplessness in the face of disasters and emergencies, and try to maintain a peaceful mind. Never use alcohol and tobacco to relieve stress, let alone produce bad emotions such as anger.
At the same time, individuals can do some relaxing activities, such as listening to music, reading novels, keeping a diary, cleaning up housework and other small things that interest them, so as to divert their emotions and keep a good sleep. Survivors should be strong as soon as possible, learn to adapt to the new environment after the earthquake, play new roles that they were not used to before, and master some life skills that they didn't have before to adapt to the new environment. If we can't realize that the environment has changed and redefine the goal of life, we will easily fall into pain for a long time, which is extremely unfavorable to our health.
For the elderly or children who have experienced the earthquake, there may be some irritability, excitement, anxiety, nagging, and even some negative events before. At this time, families should try their best to understand, stay together as much as possible, and enhance their dependence and sense of security. We should fully respect their emotional reactions, let them feel valued and trusted, so as to be full of pride and self-confidence, so as to reduce the influence probability of bad emotions, and encourage and motivate them to overcome psychological shadows with their own self-confidence.
In a deeper sense, the purpose of post-disaster psychological rehabilitation is not only to prevent and treat the psychological obstacles of the affected people, but also to promote their psychological growth through mental health education. Earthquakes can destroy buildings and even take people's lives, but earthquakes can't destroy people's strong will, which is the ultimate goal of psychological rehabilitation after earthquakes. In order to achieve this goal, government departments should establish or rebuild the mental health service system in the disaster area as soon as possible after the disaster, carry out extensive mental health education, and organize grassroots medical staff to carry out intensive training in view of the common psychological problems of the affected people, so that mental patients can get timely and effective treatment and help them get rid of the shadows and rebuild their courage in life.
As an earthquake victim, in addition to actively carrying out psychological self-help, the focus is on participating in the psychological rescue plan of social organizations. Joining the collective heart will not be lonely, and the soul will cherish the living days with a sense of belonging. Living well is the most meaningful thing in itself. Don't let yourself be depressed, don't let yourself be divorced from society, or even take the road of no return like suicide.