Qi Ying, Wei Qi, Zong Qi and Yuan Qi, what are their similarities and differences? Yuan Qi: The true qi is transformed from "jing yuan", inherited from heaven and born with it, so it is called "Yuan Qi", which is hidden in the kidney and nourished by the acquired essence. Qi has many functions. It runs through the meridians of the whole human body, and the five internal organs are stimulated by vitality to play their respective functions. Maintain the normal development and activities of the human body. Qi in the five zang-organs and six fu-organs originates from vitality. Therefore, the vitality is sufficient, the viscera function is vigorous, and the body is healthy. If congenital deficiency, or long-term illness impairs vitality, the body will be weak and prone to other diseases. Therefore, medicine regards the cultivation of vitality as the basis of treatment. Zongqi is a combination of oxygen inhaled by nature and subtle Shui Gu produced by digestion of spleen and stomach. Formed in the lungs and gathered in the chest, it helps the lungs to breathe, connect the heart and nourish the blood. Therefore, the strength of breathing sound, the execution of blood gas and the activity ability of limbs are all related to ancestral qi, and insufficient ancestral qi will cause pathological changes of blood stasis.
Qi Ying: It is a delicate substance, which transfers from the spleen and stomach to the lungs. It enters the vein, becomes a part of the blood, and moves with the blood all over the body. Its function is not only to produce blood, but also to nourish the whole body.
Stephy: It is produced by Yang Qi in the kidney, which comes from the lower jiao, nourishes the middle jiao and rises above the upper jiao. When Wei Qi plays its role, it must rely on the spleen and stomach of the middle energizer to produce the essence of Shui Gu. Wei Qi, like Qi Ying, was born in Shui Gu. Clear qi is the camp, turbid qi is the defense, the camp is in the pulse, and the defense is outside the pulse. Although Wei Qi acts outside the pulse, it is applied to the whole body, internal organs and external fur, which has a warming and protecting effect. It is a part of yang, which can open and close pores to resist external evil. Wei Qi is prone to sweating and catching cold.
"Qi" is one of the basic substances that constitute the human body and maintain life activities. The activity of human viscera function depends on qi. What we call "qi" is different from that in nature, and it is consistent with the "true qi" in traditional Chinese medicine. The "qi" of true qi is transported out of the body and becomes the driving force of human life. It can also act on others in vitro and become a means of treating diseases. It has different names according to its distribution in various parts of organs and different functions. Qi, yang, yin, spleen, meridians nourishing qi, meridians defending qi, middle qi in the middle jiao, ancestral qi in the upper jiao and primordial qi in the lower jiao. In some TCM literatures, there are heart qi, liver qi, spleen qi, lung qi, kidney qi, large intestine qi and small intestine qi. In fact, these names are only regional reflections of activity kinetic energy and physiological phenomena. In terms of generation and function, there are only four kinds of vitality, clan spirit, camp spirit and defensive spirit.
What is the difference between primordial qi, kidney qi, true qi, ancestral qi, nourishing qi, defending qi and viscera qi? Except for kidney qi, Qi Ying qi and viscera qi, all the others are qi deficiency of two veins. These are only used in Chinese medicine.
Hope to adopt
Qi with the function of nourishing fur is: 1, primordial qi, 2, middle qi, 3, clan qi, 4, Stephy. Hello, the answer to this question is D, Stephy. ("The combination of the skin of the lung is also glorious" ("Su Wen Wu Zang Formation"), the lung dominates the defensive qi, so the qi with the function of nourishing fur is defensive qi. )
Distribution and function of primordial qi, ancestral qi, stomach qi and nutrient qi;
Composition: essence in kidney.
Distribution: Popular all over the body through triple energizer.
Function: 1, promoting the regulation of qi in physiological activities of organs, meridians and body organs.
2. Qi is related to growth and development.
3, virtual.
Zongqi:
Ingredients: It is composed of natural clear air and Shui Gu subtly.
Distribution: Up along the road and down along the street.
Function: 1, promoting qi and blood circulation, and controlling breathing.
2. It is related to language, sound and breathing.
Campsite gas:
Ingredients: Shuigu essence.
Distribution: Walking with blood, circulating endlessly (walking in pulse)
Function: 1, nourishing the whole body
2, metaplasia blood
Stephy:
Ingredients: Shuigu essence.
Distribution: fumigation in periosteum, scattered in chest and abdomen (outside pulse)
Function: 1, warm effect
2. Adjust the opening and closing of sweat holes
3. Defense function
Qi in TCM can be divided into four categories: primordial qi, ancestral qi, nourishing qi and defending qi. So how to replenish qi, is it classified or together? I am not an expert, but I have read several books on traditional Chinese medicine. . . I feel that drugs are only different in meridian tropism, so different drugs need to be divided into monarch, minister, assistant and envoy. There is a saying that taking drugs is like using soldiers. It supplements the vital qi of the human body, which the so-called vital qi can't be done by internal evils. If you insist on separating qi clearly, your personal feeling is that you are strangling the living Chinese medicine practitioners. . .
What are Weiyang, Weiyang and Qi Ying? If you want to know the difference between camp and guard, you must first know what "camp and guard" mean.
camps
According to modern analysis, nourishing qi is nutrients, which refers to various substances necessary for human body, including protein, amino acids, sugars, lipids, vitamins and trace elements. Nutrients are produced by the essence of Shui Gu. Nutrient gas is distributed in blood vessels and runs throughout the body with blood circulation.
"Su Wen. Bilun: "Campers are the essence of Shui Gu. And in the five internal organs, sprinkled on the six internal organs, can enter the pulse. Therefore, follow the pulse up and down, penetrate the five internal organs and collateral the five internal organs. "Although ying qi is in blood vessels, it can only be exchanged through microcirculation, which is what tissues and cells need. Therefore, the execution of nourishing qi, which is called the meridian flow sequence, is the transformation process of substances needed by various zang-fu organs (meridians). If the nutrient gas in the liver meridian is vigorously implemented, the function of substances needed by the liver will be enhanced, or the microcirculation regulated by the liver meridian will be opened.
Because blood is like a storage tank, and nutrient qi is the substance used in the tank, and the necessary substances ingested by various viscera (functions) are in order, so nutrient qi execution refers to the process of mutual transformation and metabolism of nutrients.
Defending qi
Defending qi refers to the function of defending the immune system and excluding all kinds of foreign bodies, including body barrier, phagocytic cell system, humoral immunity and cellular immunity.
Soul fulcrum Tibetan: "Defend qi, so warm the meat, replenish the board, fatten the texture and regulate the opening and closing", "Defend qi and replenish, divide the meat and benefit, soften the board and make the texture dense" are the barrier defense functions of the fingerboard.
"Su Wen. On arthralgia syndrome: "Wei is the fierce qi in the valley of water, and its qi can't slide into the pulse, so it follows the face plate and divides the muscles, fumigates in the aponeurosis and disperses in the chest", which means that Wei qi runs in the gap outside the blood vessels, and it seems to have sensed the production site of T cell immune system, and "aponeurosis" is suspected to refer to the thymus.
Physiological function of camp guards
"Lingshu Nutrition Health Association" said: "People receive qi in the valley, and the valley enters the stomach, which is distributed in the lungs and the internal organs. They all take qi as the camp, the pure as the camp, the turbid as the guard, the camp in the pulse, and the guard outside the pulse. The camp will last for 50 days. " Supplementing qi and defending qi belong to the nutrients of human body, which comes from the subtle Shui Gu produced by spleen and stomach transport. Its "pure man", that is, the purest and most essential part of Shui Gu's subtle essence, is Qi Ying. Because of its soft nature, it can spread in the blood. "Qi flows out of the Taiyin and enters Yangming", followed by the twelve meridians, Du Meridian, Ren Meridian, and "Bet on the lung and return to Taiyin" (Lingshu Qi Ying). Fifty times a day and a night, the camp is endless, and it can "secrete its body fluid, note its pulse, melt its blood, honor its four ends, and note its five internal organs" (Ling Xie Shu Ke). And "turbidity", that is, the vigorous part of Shui Gu's subtle essence, is Wei Qi, also known as "popularity" and "Yang Qi" in Neijing. Because it is "the fierce gas in the water valley, its gas is slippery and does not enter the pulse" ("Su Wen Bi Lun Pian"). Therefore, in the outside, you can "walk at the end of the four seasons, separate from the meat, and never leave the board" (Ling Xie Shu Ke pian), and in the viscera, you can "smoke in the gastric mucosa and disperse in the chest and abdomen" and "Su Wen Bi Lun pian pian"). Moreover, the circulation in the human body has certain rules, such as "walking Yang for twenty-five weeks during the day, walking Yin for twenty-five weeks at night, and walking five internal organs" ("Lingshu". Qi weixing "), that is, walking on the body surface during the day and walking in the five internal organs at night, is in harmony with the camp gas, and * * * helps the five internal organs to cultivate the qi of the five internal organs, so that they can sleep peacefully. The regular movement of Wei-qi from Yang to Yin is consistent with the diurnal variation of Yang in nature as Su Wen said. The Theory of Anger at Heaven: "Therefore, the yang dominates in one day, the yang is strong in the middle of the day, and the yang is weak in the west of the day, so as to ensure the normal work and rest mechanism of the human body, that is," qi starts in the yang and ends in the yin "
Although Wei Ying's execution methods are different, they are all "Yin and Yang go hand in hand, and the exterior and interior intersect" (chapter "Ling Shu Wei Qi") and "Meeting after 50", so the coordination of Qi is the premise to ensure normal physiological function. "The trip is not unusual, so it's sunny and faint at night" (chapter of Ling Health Club).
Disharmony between camp and health: generally speaking, it refers to the pathology of spontaneous sweating. There are two kinds of symptoms of spontaneous sweating: one is that "the defense is weak and the camp is fixed", because the yang outside the defense is weak, the external fixation ability is lost and spontaneous sweating occurs. The clinical manifestation is spontaneous sweating without fever. First, "Wei Qiang is weak", because Yang Qi is depressed on the muscle surface, which forces Yin qi inside and sweats spontaneously. The clinical manifestations are fever and spontaneous sweating, and no fever leads to no sweat. Strength is only relative.
Guizhi decoction is used for treatment. Guizhi decoction is one of the representative prescriptions in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. There are about 200 Zhongjing prescriptions, of which Guizhi decoction is used in 20 directions, accounting for about one seventh. This prescription is not only used for exogenous wind-cold exterior syndrome, but also widely used in clinical departments without exterior syndrome. Predecessors Ke Yunbo, Wang Zijie, and Zheng Qinan all discussed this aspect by explaining exterior and interior, especially Wang Zijie's Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Le Guizhi Decoction. Physicians of past dynasties praised this side as Zhongjing's "group crown". Practice has proved that the function of Guizhi decoction can not only reconcile ying and Wei, but also explain yin and yang, which is different from Mahuang decoction being released exclusively and Sanchengqi decoction being attacked exclusively. Because it has the effect of relieving exterior and interior, it can be used for many diseases caused by imbalance between ying and Wei, deficiency of ying and Wei, and imbalance between yin and yang.
What role oxygen plays in human body is a complex chemical change.
Simply put, it changes from oxygen to carbon dioxide, participates in various aerobic reactions in the human body, and provides energy for various life activities, that is, aerobic breathing. Metabolic organelles are mitochondria.
aerobic respiration
It refers to the process that cells, with the participation of oxygen, thoroughly oxidize and decompose carbohydrates and other organic substances through the catalysis of enzymes, produce carbon dioxide and water, and release a lot of energy at the same time. Aerobic respiration is the main form of respiration of higher animals and plants.
Aerobic respiration is the main form of respiration of higher animals and plants.
Three stages of aerobic respiration
A, the first stage: in the cytoplasm matrix, one molecule of glucose is decomposed into two molecules of pyruvate, and four [H] enzymes are removed at the same time; In the process of glucose decomposition, a small amount of energy is released, part of which is used to synthesize ATP and produce a small amount of ATP. The reaction formula is: C6H 12O6 enzyme →2 pyruvate +4[H].
B, the second stage: pyruvate enters the matrix of mitochondria, two molecules of pyruvate and hydrogen in six water molecules are all removed, 20 [H] is removed, and acetone is oxidized and decomposed into carbon dioxide; In this process, a small amount of energy is released, and part of it is used to synthesize ATP, resulting in a small amount of energy. The reaction formula is: 2 pyruvate +6H2O enzyme →20[H]+6CO2.
C, the third stage: on the inner membrane of linear particles, 24 * * * [H] separated in the first two stages combines with 6 O2 absorbed from the outside or produced by chloroplast photosynthesis to form water; In this process, a lot of energy is released, and part of it is used to synthesize ATP, which produces a lot of energy. The reaction formula is: 24[H]+6O2 enzyme → 12H2O.
[H] is a very simplified expression. In this process, oxidized coenzyme I (NAD+) is actually converted into reduced coenzyme I (NADH).
Energy changes during aerobic respiration
During aerobic respiration, glucose is completely oxidized and decomposed. After 1mol of glucose is completely oxidized and decomposed, * * * releases 2870kJ of energy, of which 1 16 1kJ of energy is stored in ATP, and the rest energy is dissipated in the form of heat energy.
* The brain's thinking is nerve conduction, which itself needs the decomposition of oxygen to supply energy. But the main energy source is glycogen, so the role of the brain is to control the coordination of various organs in the body during the oxygen reaction.