A. it is often manifested as black manure.
B. Hematemesis and melena often merge.
C. Deep red or bright red
D, new blood adheres to the surface of the formed feces.
E. purulent bloody stool
Reference answer: C.
Analysis: There is a large amount of bleeding in the upper digestive tract, and the blood is rapidly advancing in the intestine. Feces are dark red or bright red.
2. Subpyloric hemorrhage
A. it is often manifested as black manure.
B. Hematemesis and melena often merge.
C. Deep red or bright red
D, new blood adheres to the surface of the formed feces.
E. purulent bloody stool
Reference answer: a
3. Hemorrhage above pylorus
A. it is often manifested as black manure.
B. Hematemesis and melena often merge.
C. Deep red or bright red
D, new blood adheres to the surface of the formed feces.
E. purulent bloody stool
Reference answer: b
4. About the nursing of double-balloon three-lumen tube, the correct statement is
A. after inserting the three-lumen tube, firstly inject gas into the esophageal balloon.
B saliva may be swallowed at any time during intubation.
C the gas volume of gastric balloon is 100 ~ 150ml, and the gas volume of esophageal balloon is 200~300ml.
D, standing for 48 hours, stopping bleeding, deflating for 24 hours, and no bleeding before extubation.
E. Before extubation, inject 20 ~ 30ml paraffin oil into the stomach tube.
Reference answer: D.
Analysis: After the bleeding stopped, release the gas in the capsule and continue to observe for 24 hours. If the bleeding stops, extubation can be considered.
5. Nursing measures for patients with peptic ulcer bleeding do not include
A. Rapid establishment of venous access
B. gastric lavage with iced saline
C, the application of double balloon three-lumen tube
D. temporary fasting
E. observe the color and quantity of feces.
Reference answer: C.
Analysis: If the bleeding site of peptic ulcer is in duodenum, the double balloon three-lumen tube can't be used. Even if the site is in the small gastric curvature, the double balloon three-lumen tube can only compress the lower esophagus and the fundus of the stomach, but not the small gastric curvature, so the double balloon three-lumen tube can not be used for massive bleeding of peptic ulcer.
6. Hypertensive patients with sudden increase in blood pressure, severe headache, vomiting, convulsions and coma should be considered.
A. Hypertensive crisis
B. Malignant hypertension
C. Hypertensive heart disease
D. Stage III hypertension
E. hypertensive encephalopathy
Reference answer: e
Analysis: Hypertensive encephalopathy refers to a clinical syndrome in which the sharp increase of blood pressure (generally diastolic pressure is above 17.3kPa) leads to the increase of brain edema and intracranial pressure, thus causing sudden changes, which often occurs in patients with rapid progressive hypertension and a few patients with slow progressive hypertension. Hypertensive encephalopathy should be considered when hypertensive patients have sudden increase in blood pressure, severe headache, vomiting, convulsions and coma.
7. Which of the following does not apply to non-drug treatment of hypertension?
A. Infrared hyperthermia of limbs
B. Limit sodium intake
C. lose weight
D. Good rest plus moderate exercise
E. Qigong, meditation, relaxation, etc.
Reference answer: a
Analysis: Non-drug therapy is suitable for patients with hypertension at all levels, limiting sodium intake, reducing dietary fat, supplementing protein and losing weight by exercise; Maintain a healthy attitude, reduce mental stress, quit smoking, etc.
8. Which of the following has nothing to do with essential hypertension?
A. Genetic factors
B. getting old
C. excessive mental activity
D. autoimmune deficiency
E. high-salt diet and obesity
Reference answer: D.
Analysis: The related factors of essential hypertension have nothing to do with autoimmune deficiency, so this item has nothing to do with it.
9. Mr. Li, aged 50, has a systolic blood pressure of 2 1.3 kPa( 1.60 mmHg) and a diastolic blood pressure of 1.2 okpa-(90 mmHg). His blood lipid is high, and he feels pain in the precordial area after fatigue, which can be relieved after rest. T wave inversion of ECG diagnosed him as coronary heart disease. The description of the patient's illness is incorrect.
A. The patient's blood pressure is hypertension.
B. The patient's blood pressure is at critical hypertension.
C. The patient's pulse pressure increases
D. Most patients have arteriosclerosis.
E. precordial pain is caused by myocardial ischemia.
Reference answer: b
Analysis: 1999 10 The definition of hypertension by China Hypertension Union is:1systolic blood pressure of adults over 8 years old who do not take antihypertensive drugs? 140mmHg and/or diastolic pressure? 90mmHg, and can exclude secondary hypertension, can diagnose primary hypertension. The systolic blood pressure was 265438 0.3 kPa (65438 060 mmHg) and the diastolic blood pressure was 65438 02. OkPa-(90mmHg), which means hypertension.
10. When measuring blood pressure for patients, the distance between the lower edge of sphygmomanometer cuff and elbow fossa is
A. 1 cm
B. 1.5 cm
It is about 2 cm to 3 cm long.
D. 3.5cm ~ 4cm
5 cm
Reference answer: C.
Analysis: When measuring blood pressure for patients, the distance from the lower edge of cuff of sphygmomanometer to cubital fossa is 2 cm ~ 3 cm.
1 1. Nurses need to repeatedly measure blood pressure and purge the gas in the cuff to reduce the mercury column to "0". with the purpose of
A. avoid continuous pressure to block limb circulation.
B. avoid accelerating limb circulation through continuous compression.
C. Avoid the discomfort caused by over-pressurization.
D avoid discomfort caused by prolonged contact between the cuff and the limb.
E, avoid balloon injury caused by over-punching.
Reference answer: a
Analysis: When blood pressure is abnormal or inaudible, blood pressure should be re-measured. Pay attention to the first thing to drive out the gas in the cuff and reduce the mercury column to? 0? Point, wait a moment, and then measure to avoid continuous pressure blocking limb circulation.
12. The patient is a little nervous about his high blood pressure. The mistake made by nurses in giving health guidance is
A. tell the patient to have a rest
B. Avoid emotional excitement
C. low-salt diet
D. Pay attention to comfort patients
E. Reducing alcohol and tobacco
Reference answer: e
Analysis: Patients with hypertension should be educated not to drink or smoke, so as not to excite sympathetic nerves and raise blood pressure.
13. Patients with essential hypertension (phase II) whose blood pressure suddenly rises to 30.6/17.3 kPa/(230/130mmhg) accompanied by severe headache, nausea, vomiting, convulsions and drowsiness should be considered.
A. Hypertensive crisis
B. Hypertensive encephalopathy
C. transient ischemic attack
D. cerebral embolism
E. cerebral hemorrhage
Reference answer: b
Analysis: Hypertensive encephalopathy refers to a clinical syndrome in which the sharp increase of blood pressure (generally diastolic pressure is above 17.3kPa) leads to the increase of brain edema and intracranial pressure, thus causing sudden changes, which often occurs in patients with rapid progressive hypertension and a few patients with slow progressive hypertension. The patient's blood pressure rose to 30.6/17.3 kpa/(230/130 mmhg), accompanied by severe headache, nausea, vomiting, convulsions and lethargy, so hypertensive encephalopathy should be considered.
14. The main causes of essential hypertension edema are
A. Decreased glomerular filtration rate
B. Increased renal tubular reabsorption
C. A large number of plasma proteins are lost
D. Secondary aldosteronism
E. Secondary cardiac insufficiency
Reference answer: D.
Analysis: One of the pathogenesis of essential hypertension is renin-angiotensin system. Because there are periglomerular cells in glomerular arterioles, they can secrete renin, which acts on angiotensinogen (synthesized by liver) to generate angiotensin I. When blood passes through lung tissue, the angiotensin converting enzyme here converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which can stimulate the secretion of aldosterone in the glomerular area of adrenal cortex, and aldosterone acts on the distal end of renal tubules, reabsorbing water and sodium, resulting in increased blood volume and further edema.
Ms. Wang, age 15.62, has stage Ⅱ hypertension. Which of the following should not be told to her?
A. increase magnesium in the diet
B. Quit smoking
C. Long-term bed rest
D. drink less
E. low-sodium diet
Reference answer: C.
16. Acute viral myocarditis should be
A. Stay in bed 1 month
B. Stay in bed for two weeks
C. Stay in bed for 3 weeks
D. Stay in bed 1 week
E. stay in bed 10 days.
Reference answer: a
Analysis: Adequate rest is very important for the treatment of myocarditis. In the acute stage, you need to stay in bed for one month after the fever has gone down, and you can get out of bed for slight activity after the heart shadow returns to normal.
17. Patient, male, 50 years old, suffered from hypertension for 5 years, taking antihypertensive drugs intermittently, and his blood pressure fluctuated between160/100 ~140/90mmhg. The patient did not pay attention to it. He took the medicine when dizziness and headache were obvious, and stopped taking the medicine after the symptoms disappeared. He has a history of smoking for 20 years. I have been overworked for nearly 3 days, and I have had severe headache, dizziness and nausea for 1 day. The blood pressure was 200/ 1.20 mmHg, and the family rushed the patient to the emergency room. After admission, the doctor still diagnosed hypertension. After 5 days of treatment, symptoms disappeared and blood pressure returned to 140/90mmHg. After the above nursing evaluation, the nurse in charge of the ward thinks that the main nursing diagnosis of patients at present is
A. Danger of injury
B. Show intolerance
C. lack of knowledge
D. pain
E. Potential complications: cerebrovascular accident
Reference answer: C.
Analysis: This patient lacks knowledge of controlling blood pressure in many aspects, such as not insisting on long-term medication, overwork, obesity, smoking and so on. Therefore, the main nursing diagnosis of patients at present is lack of knowledge.
18. Patient, male, 50 years old, suffered from hypertension for 5 years, taking antihypertensive drugs intermittently, and his blood pressure fluctuated between160/100 ~140/90mmhg. The patient did not pay attention to it. He took the medicine when dizziness and headache were obvious, and stopped taking the medicine after the symptoms disappeared. He has a history of smoking for 20 years. I have been overworked for nearly 3 days, and I have had severe headache, dizziness and nausea for 1 day. The blood pressure was 200/ 1.20 mmHg, and the family rushed the patient to the emergency room. After admission, the doctor still diagnosed hypertension. After 5 days of treatment, symptoms disappeared and blood pressure returned to 140/90mmHg. The nurse in charge told the patient the precautions for taking antihypertensive drugs. Which of the following is not appropriate?
A. Use the medicine according to the doctor's advice, and don't increase or decrease it by yourself.
B. The combination of two or more drugs can enhance the curative effect and reduce the side effects.
C. antihypertensive drugs need to be taken for a long time and cannot be stopped.
If you feel dizzy during taking the medicine, you should lie flat immediately.
E. non-drug treatment shall not be used during medication.
Reference answer: e
Analysis: Non-drug therapy is suitable for patients with hypertension at all levels: limiting sodium intake, reducing dietary fat, supplementing protein and losing weight by exercise; Maintain a healthy attitude, reduce mental stress, quit smoking, etc. Take medicine and stick to it.
19. Patient, male, 50 years old, suffered from hypertension for 5 years, taking antihypertensive drugs intermittently, and his blood pressure fluctuated between160/100 ~140/90mmhg. The patient did not pay attention to it. He took the medicine when dizziness and headache were obvious, and stopped taking the medicine after the symptoms disappeared. He has a history of smoking for 20 years. I have been overworked for nearly 3 days, and I have had severe headache, dizziness and nausea for 1 day. The blood pressure was 200/ 1.20 mmHg, and the family rushed the patient to the emergency room. After admission, the doctor still diagnosed hypertension. After 5 days of treatment, symptoms disappeared and blood pressure returned to 140/90mmHg. Before the patient was discharged from the hospital, the head nurse gave him health education. Which of the following is incorrect?
A low-salt low-fat low-calorie diet to lose weight.
B. exercise, moderate exercise; psychologic equilibrium
C. adhere to the doctor's advice and don't stop taking drugs at will.
D learn to observe the changes of blood pressure, measure blood pressure regularly, and go to the clinic for medical treatment if there is any change.
E. bathing with hot water helps to dilate blood vessels.
Reference answer: e
20. Hypertension encephalopathy
A. High-flow alcohol humidification oxygen supply
B. Intermittent oxygen supply with medium flow rate
C. pressurize the mask with pure oxygen.
D. low-flow continuous oxygen supply
E. low-flow intermittent oxygen supply
Reference answer: b
Analysis: Hypertensive encephalopathy should be given moderate flow intermittent oxygen inhalation to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed.