1, life theory
(1), the sacred view of life: the sacred view of life emphasizes the value and significance of life and the respect for life: whether life is sacred or not depends on the unity of life value and quality; The limitation is that it only pays attention to the meaning of individual life and ignores the importance of the overall interests of mankind, which is an ethical obstacle to controlling population and improving population quality.
(2) Quality of life and values: Quality should be judged and evaluated from two aspects: physical ability and intelligence. Value refers to social value. Only when an individual plays a certain role, is conscious and can contribute to others and society can he be regarded as a valuable life.
(3) Humanity and power view: in medical activities, especially in the relationship between doctors and patients, we show sympathy and care for patients, respect patients' personality and power, safeguard patients' interests, and cherish the value and quality of human life.
2. Moral theory
The evaluation of the right or wrong of an action lies not in the consequences of resorting to the action, but in the stipulation of ethical principles or rules, and some principles or rules must be implemented anyway, and they insist on the importance of behavioral motivation.
3. Consequence theory and utilitarianism
(1). Behavioral utilitarianism: Whether the value of behavior brings effective consequences is the standard to judge whether a person's behavior is ethically right or wrong.
(2) Utilitarianism of rules: judging whether an action is right or wrong depends on whether it conforms to the rules, and the rules should bring positive effects, or the positive effects are greater than the negative effects.
(3) The procedure of utilitarian argumentation and decision-making: List all alternative schemes-calculate the consequences of each scheme and how much happiness and misfortune it brings to yourself and others-compare these consequences and find out the greatest happiness and the least misfortune.
4. Public welfare theory and justice theory.
It is a medical ethics theory that emphasizes the principle of social public interest and the unity of social public interest and personal health interest. The contents of public interest theory include: compatibility view, consideration view (any medical behavior should take into account the interests of society, individuals and collectives) and social benefit view.