Hazard characteristics:? Explosives refer to articles that can undergo violent chemical reaction under the external action (such as heating and impact), instantly generate a large amount of gas and heat, so that the surrounding pressure rises sharply and explodes, causing damage to the surrounding environment, such as gunpowder, explosives, detonators, fuzes, ammunition, fireworks and firecrackers, etc. Its main danger is explosiveness.
Category II: Gases/such as combustible gases/toxic gases, etc.
Hazard characteristics:
(1) Combustible gas refers to the gas that will burn or explode when exposed to open fire and high temperature under normal pressure. When burning, its vapor has certain stimulating and toxic effects on people and livestock, such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, acetylene and methyl chloride. Its main dangers are flammability and explosion.
(2) Non-flammable and non-toxic gases refer to gases transported at a temperature below 20℃ and a pressure of not less than 280 kPa, or gases transported in a frozen liquid state, such as liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas and oxygen. Its main danger is explosion.
(3) Toxic gases refer to gases such as liquid chlorine and tear gas that are toxic or corrosive and will endanger human health. Its main danger is toxicity.
Category III: Flammable liquids, such as paint, gasoline, toluene and xylene.
Hazard characteristics: Flammable liquid refers to liquid or liquid mixture that releases flammable vapor at its flash point temperature, or liquid containing solids in solution or suspension, such as gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene, ethanol, sulfur dioxide and various paints. Its main danger is that its volatile vapor causes combustion and explosion, and even enters the human body through the skin, digestive tract and respiratory tract, causing corrosion and poisoning.
Class 4: flammable solids, substances that are prone to spontaneous combustion, and substances that emit flammable gases when in contact with water, such as sulfur and aluminum powder.
Hazard characteristics:
(1) Flammable solids refer to solid substances with low ignition point, sensitive to heat, impact and friction, easily ignited by external fire sources, burning rapidly, and possibly emitting toxic fumes or gases, such as sulfur and matches. Its main dangers are flammability and explosiveness.
(2) Substances that are prone to spontaneous combustion refer to articles that have a low spontaneous combustion point, are prone to oxidation reaction in the air, and burn themselves exothermically, such as yellow phosphorus, magnesium, oil paper, etc. Its main dangers are flammability and explosiveness.
(3) Substances that emit flammable gases when meeting water refer to substances that undergo violent chemical reactions when meeting water or moisture, and emit a large amount of flammable gases and heat, such as calcium carbide and sodium. Its main dangers are flammability, corrosiveness, toxicity and explosiveness.
Category 5: Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides, such as bleaching powder and hydrogen peroxide.
Hazard characteristics:
(1) Oxidizing substances refer to substances that are not necessarily flammable, but can release oxygen to help other substances burn, such as potassium nitrate and potassium chlorate, such as hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide), sodium peroxide, calcium hypochlorite, potassium chlorate and potassium nitrate. Its main dangers are oxidation, combustion-supporting, explosion, toxicity and corrosion.
(2) Organic peroxide refers to organic substances that contain peroxy groups, are flammable, explosive, easily decomposed and sensitive to heat, vibration or friction, such as diphenyl peroxide and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. Its main dangers are oxidation, combustion-supporting, explosion, toxicity and corrosion.
Class 6: Toxic substances and infectious substances, such as potassium cyanide and arsenic.
Hazard characteristics:
(1) Toxic substances refer to substances that may cause death or serious injury or health damage if swallowed, inhaled or contacted with skin, such as arsenic, pesticides, aniline, carbon tetrachloride, coal tar pitch, cyanide, raw lacquer and various pesticides. Its main hazards are toxicity, corrosiveness and flammability.
(2) Infectious substances refer to substances that contain pathogens and can cause illness or even death, such as germs and viruses. Its main danger is infectious disease, which is harmful to health.
Class 7: Radioactive substances
Hazard characteristics: Special radioactive substances refer to substances that can spontaneously and continuously emit strong penetrating rays to the surrounding environment and cannot be detected by human sensory organs, such as radium, ingot, boron, etc. Its main danger is radiation pollution, which will eventually cause radiation damage to people, which can make people suffer from radiation diseases and even die.
Class VIII: corrosive substances such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formaldehyde solution and potassium hydroxide.
Hazardous characteristics: Corrosive substances refer to substances that seriously damage biological tissues through chemical action, or will seriously damage or even destroy other goods or vehicles when leaked, such as acidic substances (sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, glacial acetic acid), alkaline substances (sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate), formaldehyde, etc. Its main hazards are corrosiveness, toxicity, flammability or oxidation.
Class 9: all kinds of dangerous substances and articles, including those harmful to the environment.
Hazardous characteristics: Miscellaneous hazardous substances and articles refer to articles that do not belong to the above eight categories of hazardous substances, but have magnetic, narcotic, toxic or other similar properties, which can make people feel irritable or uncomfortable, thus affecting driving and flight safety, such as permanent magnets, dry ice, garlic oil, etc.
Requirements for extended packaging of dangerous goods:
A, explosive, flammable goods packaging requirements:
1, packed in plastic drums, iron boxes or wooden cases.
2. The weight of each barrel of explosives shall not exceed 50 kilograms.
3. The explosion-proof barrel has a safety valve, which can automatically deflate when the pressure in the barrel rises.
Second, the packaging requirements of toxic substances:
The main requirements are airtight and tight packaging.
1, there must be obvious signs of toxic substances.
2. For toxic crystals such as potassium dichromate and sodium dichromate, they should be packed in solid barrels with tight mouths and barrel walls not less than1.2mm. ..
3. For organic pesticides, use asphalt bags with tight seams. If it is packed in plastic bags or asphalt paper bags, it should be packed in sacks or sacks outside.
Three, corrosive goods packaging requirements
The key of corrosive goods packaging is to pay attention to the changes between goods and containers.
1, metal containers need to be coated with anticorrosive paint to prevent corrosive substances from corroding metal containers. such as
2. Hydrofluoric acid cannot be used in glass containers, which will be corroded. Plastic or metal buckets should be used.
3. For volatile corrosive substances, such as formic acid, acid-proof containers should be used, sealed and stored in wooden cases.