About 10% ~ 49% people in the United States, Europe and Australia suffer from insomnia, and 20% ~ 30% of the global population (including adults and children) are seriously affected by insomnia, of which 5% are caused by sleep-disordered breathing, which can seriously affect daily behavior and life.
We sleep less than our ancestors. The reasons are complicated, including the popularization and improvement of lighting resources and the challenges of modern life rhythm, including pressure, Internet, television and noise. Recent data show that setting traffic lights in front of residents who have never set traffic lights will cause depression (depression) of residents, and their response will slow down within 3 ~ 4 days. Some catastrophes in the world are totally or partially caused by lack of sleep, including Exxon oil tank damage and oil leakage on the west coast of the United States; Nuclear leakage at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant; Challenger plane crashed; Selby train accident in England, etc.
In the past, people thought that lack of sleep would not have adverse effects on health, but a recent study in the United States found that too much or too little sleep would increase the risk of diabetes and heart disease. Lack of sleep caused by shift work or irregular life will increase the risk of breast cancer. An experiment of artificially shortening sleep among healthy volunteers shows that reducing sleep will lead to metabolic disorder and diabetes. Therefore, people must improve their understanding of the importance of sleep health.
The adverse effects of insufficient sleep on health
Relationship between Sleep Time and Diabetes
In order to study whether habitual short sleep time will increase the risk of diabetes, a study on nurses' health in the United States from 65438 to 0986 included 70026 female subjects without diabetes. The researchers asked them to answer questions about their daily sleep and followed them from 65438 to 0996.
Diabetes was found in 1969 patients. Too long sleep time (≥ 9 hours per day) and too short sleep time (≤ 5 hours per day) can increase the risk of diabetes, and their relative risks are1.57 (95% CI:1.28 ~1.92) and 1.47 respectively. 95% confidence interval: 1. 19~ 1.80. After adjusting for body mass index and a series of other confounding factors, the relative risk of people who sleep too short did not increase significantly? 1. 18? 95%CI:0.96~ 1.44？ But people who sleep too long have a moderate increase in relative risk? 1.29 ? 95%CI: 1.05- 1.59？ . Then we did a similar analysis on diabetic patients with symptoms (n = 1 187). After correcting the relative risk, the relative risk of patients with short sleep time and patients with long sleep time increased moderately, which were1.34 (95% CI:1.04 ~1.72) respectively.
The results suggest that short-term sleep restriction can lead to impaired glucose tolerance, and sleep restriction may be an independent risk factor for symptomatic diabetes. [Diabetes Care February 2003? 26(2)? 380-4]
Relationship between Sleep Time and Coronary Heart Disease
A Canadian study on whether reducing sleep time (self-report) is related to the increased risk of coronary heart disease shows that long-term lack of sleep will have adverse consequences for health.
This study included 7 16 17 professional women (45-65 years old) in American health system who had no coronary heart disease. In 1986, the researchers asked them about their sleep time every day by mail questionnaire, and followed them up until June 30 to understand the occurrence of coronary heart disease-related events. The researchers evaluated the relationship between self-reported sleep time and the incidence of coronary heart disease.
The results showed that during the follow-up period of 10 year, there were 934 coronary heart disease events (fatal 27 1, nonfatal 663). Taking 8 hours of sleep every day as the reference group, the age-adjusted relative risk of coronary heart disease for those who sleep ≤5 hours, 6 hours and 7 hours every day is 1.82? 95%CI: 1.34~2.4 1、 1.30？ 95% ci 1.08 ~ 1.57 and 1.06? 95% confidence interval is 0.89~ 1.26. The relative risk of people who sleep more than 9 hours is 1.57? 95% confidence interval:1.18 ~ 2.1.After correcting for potential confounding factors (including snoring, body mass index and smoking), the relative risk of coronary heart disease in people who sleep less than 5 hours, 6 hours and 7 hours a day is/kloc-0, respectively. 95% CI: 1. 10 ~ 1.92、 1. 18？ 95% ci: 0.98 ~ 1.42 and 1.09? 95% CI: 0.9 1 ~ 1.30, and the relative risk of sleeping for more than 9 hours is 1.38? 95% confidence interval: 1.03~ 1.86.
Conclusion Too short and too long sleep time are independent risk factors for increasing the incidence of coronary heart disease. ? [Arch Intern Med 2003 1 27th? 163(2)? 205-9]?
Effects of Sleep Deficiency on Metabolism and Endocrine Function
A study on the effects of sleep deprivation on metabolism and endocrine function in Chicago, USA, included 1 1 young men. Their sleep time was limited to four hours every night for six consecutive days, and then the researchers evaluated their carbohydrate metabolism, thyroid function, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and sympathetic and vagus nerve balance. The researchers compared the data of the subjects in the case of lack of sleep with the data at the end of the sleep recovery period (sleeping every night for 6 consecutive nights 12 hours).
The results showed that compared with the state of complete rest, the subjects' glucose tolerance and thyroid stimulating hormone concentration decreased (P < 0.02 and P < 0.0 1), and the cortisone concentration increased at night? P = 0.000 1, sympathetic nerve activity is enhanced? P