As we all know, architecture is bitter. To outsiders, we stink at the construction site. In front of our families, we have no destiny to get rich. In the eyes of friends, we are just a single fat house with no object. How painful!
Speaking of occupational diseases, China's classified catalogue of occupational diseases includes 12 kinds of occupational pneumoconiosis, other respiratory diseases and occupational skin diseases.
Due to the harsh construction environment and high labor intensity in the construction industry, occupational diseases cover almost all types, mainly the following:
Noise deafness refers to the progressive hearing loss caused by long-term exposure to mechanical noise, which is an irreversible occupational disease.
There is a lot of mechanical noise on the construction site, and the workers work long hours. Almost all types of construction workers suffer from noise deafness to varying degrees.
Protective measures:
Try to use low-noise construction equipment and construction technology instead of high-noise construction equipment and construction technology, such as using low-noise concrete vibrators and fans.
Measures such as sound insulation, noise elimination, vibration isolation and noise reduction should be taken for high-noise construction equipment, and noise sources should be isolated from workers as far as possible, such as installing silencers for pneumatic machinery and concrete crushers. Minimize the density of working points of high-noise equipment.
In the construction site where the noise exceeds 85dB(A), workers should be equipped with ear protectors with sufficient attenuation and comfortable wearing, so as to reduce noise operation and implement the hearing protection plan.
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, in 20 17 years, the production safety accidents of housing municipal engineering were classified according to types, and there were 33 1 accidents, accounting for 47.83% of the total.
For construction workers, skin injuries caused by falling from a height are more common.
This requires construction workers to take safety protection measures, wear safety helmets and gloves and fasten safety ropes when working at high altitude.
Protective measures:
Pay attention to meteorological warning information, and prohibit open-air aerial work in case of bad weather. Workers should undergo strict occupational health examination before taking up their posts, and workers with hypertension, acrophobia, etc. Aerial work is prohibited in occupational contraindications.
Dust in the construction site is harmful to human body, and long-term inhalation of excessive dust can easily lead to pneumoconiosis.
Using dust masks during construction can effectively prevent dust inhalation, but the construction unit had better do preventive tests such as dust test.
Protective measures:
Technological innovation. Adopt construction technology, construction equipment and tools that produce no or little dust. Use harmless or less harmful building materials. If asbestos is not used, building materials contain asbestos.
Adopt mechanization, automation or closed isolation operation. Cabs or operating rooms of excavators, bulldozers and other construction machinery shall be sealed and isolated, and dust filter devices shall be set at the air inlet.
Take wet operation. Such as spraying immediately after tunnel blasting operation, and using wet operation to dismantle, load and unload and transport building materials containing asbestos during demolition operation.
Set up local dust-proof facilities and purification and discharge devices. For example, the welding gun is equipped with a small smoke purifier with an exhaust hood.
Workers should work against the wind. When the building is demolished and rebuilt, warning signs shall be set up in the construction area where asbestos is exposed, and irrelevant personnel are prohibited from entering.
Dust, cement and other items are harmful to human skin, and construction workers are prone to contact dermatitis.
Many jobs in the construction industry need to look up or down for a long time, which easily leads to chronic neck strain and cervical spondylosis.
Although the degree of mechanization in the construction industry has been very high, the physical labor of construction workers is still very large, such as loading and unloading building materials and carrying sandbags.
These labors need a lot of waist activities, and long-term load-bearing can easily lead to lumbar spondylosis, so construction workers should be especially careful.
It is hoped that the construction unit can create a relatively safe working environment for the construction personnel and take safety protection measures to minimize the occurrence of occupational diseases.