In the late Middle Dynasty, the Southern Tang Dynasty became a vassal of the Song Dynasty. When Li Yu was in office, he always kowtowed to the Song Dynasty. When he 18 years old, he made a contribution and his government was exhausted. But he still didn't want to cheer up, flashy and extravagant, superstitious about Buddhism, and was finally destroyed by the Song Dynasty. He is an incompetent emperor in politics, but he has many artistic talents, such as calligraphy, painting, mastering temperament and poetry, and his achievements in ci are particularly high.
Li Yu's ci poetry can be divided into two periods, one before and the other after the eighth year of Song Taizu Kaibao (975). His early ci poems have shown his extraordinary talents and superb skills, but the themes are narrow, which mainly reflect the palace life and the love between men and women, such as Jade House Spring, Late Makeup and Early Snow, Xi, Xiao Yueluo, Su, Mutual Help, Morning Makeup and Bodhisattva Man. There are also works about parting lovesickness, such as Qing Ping Le and Don't Come to Spring Half. Among them, lyrical scenery is integrated, healthier and more readable. In the later period, Li Yu became a prisoner from an emperor. The humiliating life, the deep pain of national subjugation, and the reminiscence of the past, "Lacrimosa" (Wang□ "Silent Record") made his achievements in Ci greatly exceed the previous period. "Forty Years of Home Country" reflects the turning point of his life experience and ci style. Yu Meiren's When is the Autumn Moon in Spring, The Waves on the Sand, The Rain outside the Curtain, Crying at Night, Flowers in the Woods Withering in Spring, and Lonely West Building are his later masterpieces, which mainly describe the scene of dreaming at the hedge and express his infinite nostalgia for his "old country" and "the past".
Li Yu's Ci has inherited the tradition of Hua Jian Ci poets such as Wen and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, and was influenced by Li Jing and others, which promoted the creation of Ci. The main results are as follows:
(1) expands the expression field of words. Li Yu's previous writings were mainly erotic and shallow in content. Even if it contains a little hug, it mostly adopts figurative techniques, which are hidden but not revealed. However, most of Li Yu's works are straightforward, pouring out his life and feelings of the country and expressing his true feelings. Therefore, Wang Guowei said, "When Ci came to Li Houzhu, it began to have a broad vision and deep feelings, so it became a musician's word and a scholar-bureaucrat's word." ("Words on Earth")
② It has high universality. Li Yu's ci often reflects a certain realm of universal significance in real life through concrete and sensible personality images. Famous sentences such as "The east wind blew in the small building last night, so my country can't bear to look back at the bright moon in the middle of the month" ([Yu Meiren]), "The flowing water has gone to spring, and it is on earth" ([Langtaosha]), "People hate water when they grow up" ([Wu Yeti]), and "They are born farther away from hatred like spring grass" ([Qingpingle]) are all profound.
③ Language is natural, refined and expressive. His writing is not gorgeous, but touching; Not vague, but meaningful; Form a fresh and beautiful artistic feature.
(4) originality in style. Hua and Southern Tang poets are generally good at euphemism, while Li Yu is good at euphemism. For example, Hao Dang by [Yulouchun], Blood Night Cry by [Langtaosha], Magnificent and Resentful Men and Women (see Tan Xian's Tang Fu Flower Thorn) and Yu Meiren are chic, and If a colt is born out of control (preface to Zhou Ji), as Nalan Xingde said, "Flower words are like ancient jade, which are valuable and valuable. (Miscellaneous Notes of Green Water Pavilion)
Li Yu is rich in poems, essays, words, books and paintings. His veteran said that he had 30 volumes of anthology and 100 essays. Li Yuji 10 is included in Reading in the County Zhai, and Nan Tang 10 is included in History, Art and Literature of Song Dynasty, both of which have been lost. There are two main characters, 1 Volume South Tang, in Zhi Zhai Shu Lu to solve the problem. At present, there are 34 Li Yu's poems in Mohuazhai (1620) in the forty-eighth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, among which Looking at Jiangnan can be divided into two. Shao Changguang recorded another 65,438+0 poems in the post-Qing period, and Wang Guowei supplemented nine poems of the Southern Tang Dynasty in modern times, but there seem to be many problems. According to the opinions of most modern scholars, only 32 poems can be identified as Li Yu's. In Qing Dynasty, Liu Ji wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty, Tang Guizhang wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty, and Wang Zhongwen wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty. Zhan Antai's Li Jing Li Words has detailed annotations. For his deeds, see History of the New Five Dynasties, History of the Song Dynasty, Book of Southern Tang Dynasty written by Ma Ling and Lu You, and Chronicle of Two Masters of Southern Tang Dynasty written by Xia.
Shuang Yan Li
The freedom of fly with me in heaven is envied by the sky.
They always build love nests in pairs in Yulou Bamboo Pavilion and play with each other in golden window embroidery.
The terrace caught fire and burned their nest, so they had to build a nest in Wu's palace.
Wu Gong was burned again, and this time it was even worse, burning an empty nest.
Only the emaciated widow swallowed it by herself, and the female Yan was thin with infinite love for the male Yan.
The days of Fly with Me are gone forever, which really makes people want to break.
Yangchun song
In spring, Chang 'an is sunny, the poplars are curled up, and the weather is beautiful.
The flowers in front of the incense temple are red, and the hair color is embroidered in the room.
Embroiderers pass each other by,
The little swallow queen danced lightly.
Madame Zigong's swan song. (generation after generation)
Thirty-six thousand days, holy king, year after year.
Picking flowers in khotan
Yu Kan, a flower picker, said that flowers are almost the same.
When Princess Ming entered Hu, Chinese and American women in Hu died of shame.
It is known that there were many young girls in the Han Dynasty, and there were no flowers in Hu.
Danqing can turn ugliness into a salt-free palace.
Ever since ancient times, Hu Sha has buried white teeth.
Long-term separation
Don't go home for months,
See cherry blossoms in the jade window.
There are brocade books,
Opening the seal is embarrassing.
At this point, my heart is broken, my heart is broken.
Let's comb the clouds and the green temples. (Comb for a while)
Sorrow is like rushing back to the snow,
I sent books and newspapers to the balcony last year.
I delivered books again this year.
East wind
Blow the clouds and let the west come to me,
I didn't come when I stayed.
The fallen flowers are silent and the moss grows.
Linjiang Wang Jieshi Pavilion
There are few leaves in Dongting Bai Bo.
Hong Yan began to enter Wu Yunfei.
Wu,
Hong Yan is bitter.
The wind blows the trumpet, the sand stays in Xiaoxiangpu,
Autumn festivals are full of tears. (Autumn is a feeling)
During the day, in my heart,
According to it, you can tell the Lord.
Strong men are angry,
Heroic.
Andrew leaned against the heavenly sword,
Cutting whales across the sea.
Changganhang (1)
My hair barely covers my forehead,
I'm picking flowers and paying by the door.
When you, my love, ride a bamboo horse,
Trot around and throw green plums.
We live together in an alley with long roots.
We are both young and happy.
When I was fourteen, I became your wife,
I'm too shy to laugh. I haven't done anything yet.
I lowered my head to the dark corner,
Won't respond to your thousands of calls.
But when I was fifteen, I frowned and laughed.
Understand that no dust can seal our love.
I will wait for you at my post until you die,
In the silent watchtower, we will never lose confidence. (What a pity)
When I 16 years old, you flew away,
Pre-pile in Qutang. Pre-water side
Then in the fifth month, I couldn't stand it.
Apes are crying in the sky. (The sound is ringing)
Your footprints are at our door, and I watched where you went (starting late)
Are hidden under the green moss. (Green makes people pale)
Hiding under deep moss can't be removed,
The first autumn wind brought fallen leaves.
Come to Hu Die in August.
Circling, two by two, in our west garden lawn.
Because of all this, my heart is broken,
I'm worried about my bright cheeks lest they fade.
Oh, finally, when you come back through three Pa areas,
Send me a message home in advance! .
I'll see you, I won't mind the distance,
All the way to Sha Changfeng.
Changganhang (2)
Recalling my past in my boudoir.
Smoke. I don't know.
Marry a long-term cadre,
Shatou is waiting for the wind.
The south wind blows in May,
The four kings went down to Baling. (The next work is in)
The west wind rises in August,
I hope you will continue.
How about mourning,
Look less and stay more.
When will Xiangtan arrive,
I have more and more dreams.
Last night, it was windy,
Blow and bend the river head tree.
Simon, Simon, the darkness is boundless,
Where are the pedestrians?
Good at floating clouds,
Ritual Zhu Landong.
Yuanyang qingpu,
Yu Jinping.
Self-pity over the age of fifteen,
The color is pink.
Businesswoman,
Worried about the water, worried about the wind.
(This article is the tide. Huang Tingjian is Yi Lee)
My concubine is unlucky.
Emperor Xian's pet Gillian is a golden house for storage. (spoil one thing and make it heavy)
The emperor indulged her so much that even if her saliva fell, it would be as precious as pearls.
Indulgence to the extreme, love stopped, and the emperor's affection for her gradually faded.
When Gillian was banished to Longmen, even the emperor's bedroom was close to the emperor, and the emperor refused to go back to Gillian for temporary residence.
As soon as the rain falls, it can't fly to the sky, and it's hard to take back the water. (It's hard to do it again)
The feelings of Emperor Wu and Gillian, their own affairs.
The beautiful hibiscus flower has become a desolate grass today.
If you convince people with beauty, the good days are very short.
Climb the hill and overlook.
Climb the mountain to see the sea.
Six bones cream, three mountains flow.
Fusang is half destroyed, and the sun is glorious.
The waves in the sea, even the sun, are shrouded in glory, and the fairy trees on the fairy mountain I am afraid of will be destroyed and die.
From this point of view, immortal gods do not exist, only Qin Shihuang, Emperor Wudi and so on are immortal.
The sea is so deep and wide that it can't be filled with branches and stones at all, while turtles and crocodiles say it has nothing to do with it.
The tombs of Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty have long since vanished. Even shepherds can climb at will, and grave robbers often come to dig for treasures. What can their souls do?
There is so much belligerence that Dinghu Dragonfly can take advantage of it.
Lotus picking song
A woman who picks lotus flowers by the stream will laugh at the lotus flowers.
Rizhao's new makeup is bright under the water, fragrant in the wind and lifted in the air.
(make a sleeve)
Who swims on the shore, 3355 reflects weeping willows.
Zi Juan hissed into the fallen flower and saw the emptiness and heartbroken.
Grass on the tree
The bird took the branches from the weeds, but got into the withered grass.
The ground is not so easy to be uprooted and rooted in the soil, and it will not die in spring.
Although the vegetation is ruthless, because mutual dependence can still exist.
Why do leaves and leaves on the same tree have different fates?
Thoughts in the dead of night
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already? (See it tomorrow)
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
Lushuiqu
In autumn in Lishui, Nanhu picks white apples. (Do it for a month every day)
Lianzi was charming as if she were talking to me, but she broke my medicine string.
Chunsi
The grass is as green as Beth, and the mulberry leaves in Qin area are green.
When you miss your hometown, you were missed and sad a long time ago.
Spring breeze, you and I don't know each other. Why do I feel sad when it blows to Luo Zhang?
Melancholy Qiu Si
The spring sun is like yesterday, and the trees sing orioles.
The grass grows at dusk and the cool wind blows.
Under the autumn leaves, the moon is cold and the chickens are sad.
Sit and rest in sorrow, and the Millennium withers and blooms.
Midnight Wu Ge (a four-hour midnight song)
Haruka
Lovely reed flowers in the west, picking mulberry leaves by the water.
She stretched out her white hand among the green branches, and the golden sunshine dyed her rosy robe red.
My silkworm is hungry. I can't stay. Don't stay with your five-horse carriage. I pray.
Xiage
On the mirror lake, there are more than 300 miles, all of which are Ke and Ke.
Lunatone is picking lotus here, and all the people who come to see him are very anxious.
Less than a month after returning home, she was elected to the palace.
Qiu Ge
There is moonlight in Chang 'an, and all the families in Yi Dao are there.
The autumn wind blew Yi Dao's voice, and every household remembered the people guarding the border.
When will the border war be settled and when will my husband end his expedition?
Winter songs
Tomorrow morning, the courier on horseback will leave, and the women are rushing to make cotton-padded clothes for the expedition husband.
Thin hands are cold, not to mention the cold scissors for cutting clothes.
My wife will send clothes far away. How many times can we reach the border of Lintao County?
Jiangxiahang
Think back to your petite posture,
Spring is self-sustaining.
Marry a husband,
Avoid sauvignon blanc.
Who knew that marrying a businessman,
Very sad.
Ever since I got married,
He is in the country.
I went to Yangzhou last year,
Send the Yellow Crane Tower.
Watching the sail go away,
The heart flows by the river.
Only one year,
Who is Sanqiu's calendar?
It's breaking my intestines,
I hate you very much.
Meanwhile, the owner sent it to Xishe.
Go north and south for no more than a month.
I don't know where the luggage swam,
Making audio books can be cut off.
Suitable for traveling to and from Nanpu,
I want to ask about the Xijiang ship.
As a daughter,
Red makeup for 28 years.
One is a wife,
How sad it is to be alone.
Tears in front of the mirror,
Everyone wants to cry.
Preferably light,
Look at each other at dusk.
Regret being a businessman's wife,
Youth is drifting away.
Now is the same as happiness,
Who knows when you will go to Hua Rong?
Guyi
You are a radish, and I am silk flower Rabbit.
The diaphragm is not self-directed, but tends to follow the spring breeze.
Hundreds of zhangs and tuo are far away, and they are lingering into a family.
Who says it's easy to meet, each on a blue cliff?
Female radish is fragrant, and rabbit silk breaks people's intestines.
The branches are entwined and the leaves are fluttering.
Children don't know the roots, because who is fragrant.
Double emeralds in the middle nest, purple mandarin ducks in the night.
If you know two grass hearts, the tide can also be measured.
Farewell to lover
The clear water does not move, and the peach blossoms are on the shore.
Peach blossoms make water color, and waves shake spring color.
I like my son's beauty and my articles.
The wind blows away the green harp, which is purple in curvature.
Once a fish in the water, now two birds.
Mourning is a long cry, at five o'clock every night (May Day is one day).
Fold the acacia tree and give it to your heart.
Water under the bridge, the clouds are light and the wind is light.
There are birds at the end of the world, but there is no Hua Yao's voice.
A gift for Wang Lun.
Li Bai was just about to leave when he heard a farewell song from the shore.
Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love.
Yellow Crane Tower —— Meng Haoran's farewell on his way to Yangzhou
Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers.
My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon.
Send a friend away
Green mountains are located on the north side of the city wall, and the sparkling water surrounds the east of the city.
Here we say goodbye to each other, and you, like losing your father, are floating in the wind and traveling far away.
Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic.
With a wave of his hand, he will be separated from now on, and his friend on horseback will carry him on a long journey, blowing a long wind, as if reluctant to leave.
Meet sb. leave
Drinking at the edge of Weicheng, you are drunk and sleepless.
Pear blossoms with snow, poplar leaves with ten thousand cigarettes.
Farewell to the pot, a whip when parting.
Look, it should all go up. The new moon should be round.
Xishi
Shi, a woman from China, was born in Ramie Mountain.
Her charm has been passed down to this day, and Lotus sees her shyness.
She moved the green water in the stream near Bianxi, as leisurely as clear water.
It is rare to see her smile and show her white teeth, because she is reflected in a weak voice.
Gou Jian, the King of Yue, collected national colors and raised eyebrows at the history of Wu.
She was loved by the king of Wu and placed in the palace of the Children's Palace.
Wu was defeated, and Wu never returned for a thousand years.
Cold female songs
When you were dressed yesterday, you worked hard with my concubine.
As soon as I worship the five senses, I beg the girl in Handan.
I want to resign from you. Your heart belongs to someone else.
When I read this book, I cried bitterly.
I remember when I married you, I never had a happy night.
It's not that my concubine is incomparable, it's that your wife works hard.
Get up and jump hard, you'll hate it.
Next time, I will resign from you and regret it.
Monks who seek mountains don't meet.
The stone path enters the Dan River, and the pine gate closes the moss.
There are birds on the idle steps, but no one opens the meditation room.
Looking at the window, you can see the line drawing, and the dust is born on the wall.
It makes me cry, and I still linger when I want to leave.
Xiangyun rises all over the mountains, and flowers and rain come from the sky.
I have time to be happy, and the situation is clear.
Knowing peerless things, this place is leisurely and comfortable.
Get drunk, get off your chest.
If the world is a big dream, Hu will work hard for his life.
So I was drunk all day, lying in front of me with my head bald.
Looking into the court, a bird was singing among the flowers.
Excuse me, when is this? The spring breeze is whispering.
Feel like sighing, and fall in love with wine.
Waiting for the bright moon, the song has been forgotten.
Message to Meng Haoran
Master, I cheer you from the bottom of my heart. Your fame has risen to the sky.
In the rosy youth, you gave up the importance of hats and chariots and chose pine trees and clouds; Now whitehead.
Drunk moon, sage of dreams, bewitched by flowers, you turned a deaf ear to the emperor.
Gaoshan, how I long to reach you, that's all.
Travel in autumn night
Autumn wind blows across the autumn sea, blowing up my homesickness.
On the way home, the mountains are far away, when will the lost water come again?
Looking up, I saw the dark clouds were gray and the cold light of the moon was broken.
The grass is no longer soft, and Hanlu quickly puts on warm clothes.
I often dream that the Milky Way is setting, and when I wake up, there are few stars in the sky.
With sadness and longing for hometown, who can wave it away?