Children's health knowledge points 1. What knowledge points and cases have the greatest influence on you in learning children's health?
Children are in the period of growth and development, the functions of various parts of the body are not yet mature, and their adaptability to the outside world is poor and their resistance to diseases is weak.
Therefore, it is an important daily work to understand the characteristics of children's growth and development, do a good job in children's health care and improve their health level, which is related to the physical quality of the next generation. Through the study and practice of the course content of Infant Hygiene, students majoring in preschool education are required to understand and master the physiological and anatomical characteristics and key points of child care, the growth and nutrition of children, the symptoms and prevention of common diseases and infectious diseases in kindergartens, common nursing techniques and first-aid techniques, and collective child care in kindergartens.
Can analyze the physiological phenomena of children in real life, take correct measures to ensure the health of children, and at the same time improve their own health level, in order to prepare for becoming a qualified kindergarten teacher.
2. Summary of key knowledge at the end of preschool health.
The main content of each chapter
chapter one
1, focusing on what is a sports system and the characteristics of children's sports system.
2. Focus on what is the respiratory system and the characteristics of children's respiratory system.
3. Focus on understanding what the circulatory system is and the characteristics of children's circulatory system.
4. Focus on what is the digestive system and the characteristics of children's digestive system.
5, master what is urine, urine, urine storage, urination system.
6. Understand the function of skin.
7, master what is the endocrine system, understand the characteristics of children's endocrine system.
8. Master what is the inspection-free system and understand the characteristics of the inspection-free system for children.
9. Understand the structure and function of eyes and ears and the characteristics of children's eyes and ears.
10, understand what is the characteristics of the nervous system and children's nervous system. Master the development of the left brain.
1 1, understand the childish reproductive system.
chapter two
1, focusing on mental health and what are the signs of children's physical health.
2. Focus on mastering the laws of children's growth and development.
3. Understand the child's physical characteristics.
4. Understand the investigation and evaluation of children's growth and development.
chapter three
1, focusing on three aspects of comprehensive evaluation of children's health.
2. Understand the general laws of children's growth and development, the factors affecting growth and development, and the evaluation of growth and development.
Price index, a common way of developmental difference evaluation.
3. The emphasis is on the rough evaluation method.
4, master the purpose and type of health examination.
5, master the method of measuring height, weight, head circumference, chest circumference.
chapter four
1. Focus on several aspects of children's calorie consumption and how it differs from adults.
2. The physiological significance of protein, fat, carbohydrate and inorganic salt was introduced emphatically.
3. Pay attention to the factors affecting calcium absorption.
4. Understand the physiological significance of zinc, iron and iodine.
5. master the physiological significance of vitamins a and C.
6. Master what carotene is and the source of food.
7. Master the physiological significance of water.
8. What are the contents of cultivating children's good eating habits?
9. Understand the principles of making children's recipes.
chapter five
1, master how to do a good job in primary prevention of diseases.
2. Understand the physiological regulation mechanism of food intake.
3. Understand the common causes of iron deficiency anemia.
4. Understand the harm of childhood obesity.
Chapter vi
1. Pay attention to three basic links in the epidemic process of infectious diseases.
2 focus on the "People's Republic of China (PRC) infectious disease prevention law" provisions of class B infectious diseases, including
Three sexually transmitted diseases.
3. Understand the identification method of rubella and acute infant rash.
4. Understand the relationship between hepatitis A, hepatitis B and jaundice hepatitis.
5. Understand the harm of common parasitic diseases in children.
Chapter VII
1, understand the operation essentials of "mouth-to-mouth blowing method".
2. Understand the operating essentials of "chest compressions".
3. Master common physical cooling methods.
Chapter VIII
1, pay attention to the significance of health education and the significance of "health for all in 2000".
2. Grasp the development trend of health education in the world.
3. Understand the purpose of infant health education.
3. Tell the children about hygiene.
1. What personal hygiene habits should primary school students develop? (1) Wash your face in the morning and evening (2) Brush your teeth in the morning and evening (3) Wash your hands before and after meals (4) Wash your feet before going to bed (5) Wash your hair frequently (6) Take a bath frequently (7) Cut your nails frequently (8) Wash raw fruits and vegetables (9) Don't drink raw water (10) Don't read while lying down. 2.( 1) Wash your hands before and after meals (2) Wash your hands before meals (3) Wash your hands after work (4) Wash your hands after playing games (5) Wash your hands after touching dirty things (6) Wash your hands after touching things that infect patients (7) Wash your hands after returning to public places (8) Wash your hands before taking chopsticks. 30-35 cm, about a foot.
4. Why do you want to get a haircut in time and wash your hair often? Hairdressing and shampooing can remove dirt, dandruff and germs from hair and scalp, and prevent tinea capitis, dermatosis and head lice. 5. Why can't I drink raw water? Raw water contains bacteria and eggs, which can cause intestinal infectious diseases (enteritis, dysentery, typhoid fever, etc.). ) and intestinal parasites (ascariasis, etc. ).
6. Why can't we eat bad food? Rotten food contains a large number of germs and toxins, which can cause food poisoning, enteritis, dysentery and other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and even life-threatening in severe cases. 7. What are the disadvantages of picky eaters and partial eclipse? Being picky about food and being partial to food will cause nutritional deficiency, lead to malnutrition and affect growth and health.
8. Why shouldn't you do strenuous activities immediately after a meal? Just finished eating, my stomach is full of food. After strenuous exercise, it affects the normal digestion of gastrointestinal tract and can cause abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. And it will cause indigestion and stomach trouble for a long time.
9. What should I pay attention to when reading and writing? The posture is correct, the light is suitable, the distance between the eyes and the book is about one foot, and the time should not be too long. Don't read books when walking by car. 10, what are the advantages of doing eye exercises? Eliminate eye fatigue, protect eyesight and prevent myopia.
1 1. How many times should I brush my teeth every day? When do you brush it? You should brush your teeth twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. How to protect teeth? (1) Rinse your mouth after meals (2) Brush your teeth in the morning and evening (3) Don't bite hard things (4) Don't eat cold and overheated things (5) Don't eat before going to bed (6) Treat dental diseases in time 13. Why can't you bite your pen and finger? (1) Unclean handwriting and fingers (bacteria, eggs, dust, etc. ) will cause diseases (2) affect the development of teeth and fingers 14. How to prevent pesticide poisoning? (1) Don't play with bottles, bags and pesticide sprayers full of pesticides. (2) Avoid inhaling pesticides through the nose and mouth. (3) Prevent the skin from being polluted by pesticides. If the skin is contaminated by pesticides, it should be cleaned in time. (4) Wash the fruits and vegetables. 15. Why can't you pick your ears at will? Digging ears is an unsanitary habit, which easily damages the external auditory canal, causing inflammation or boils, and may also damage the eardrum, causing otitis media and hearing loss.
Even lead to deafness. 16, how to prevent ascariasis? (1) Wash your hands before and after meals (2) Don't drink raw water (3) Wash your fruits and vegetables raw (4) Don't bite your fingers and pens 17. How to prevent trachoma? (1) Each person should have a face towel (2) Don't rub your eyes with dirty hands (3) Keep handkerchiefs, towels and washbasins clean (4) If possible, it is best to have a special washbasin for each person (18). What are the hazards of spitting? Spitting everywhere is an uncivilized behavior: sputum contains germs, which will pollute the environment and spread diseases.
19, what do you mean by "four pests"? Flies, mice, mosquitoes and cockroaches. What should I do after being bitten by a dog? Go to the hospital or health center for treatment immediately and inject rabies vaccine in time. 2 1. How long should primary school students sleep at least every day? 10 hour 22. What diseases can flies and mosquitoes spread? Fly transmission: enteritis, dysentery, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, etc.
Mosquito transmission: Japanese encephalitis, malaria. 23. What is the main route of transmission of hepatitis? Hepatitis A: The water source is mainly polluted by patients' feces, and hepatitis B is mainly transmitted through blood and blood products.
24. Why can't I pee anywhere? (1) pollute the environment (2) spread diseases (3) be uncivilized. Why does everyone need a toothbrush to brush their teeth? Prevent diseases from infecting each other. How to prevent colds? (1) Exercise, enhance physical fitness (2) Open the window frequently for ventilation (3) Change clothes with climate change (4) Don't go to patients' homes (5) Don't go to public places when a cold is prevalent. 27. What if there are hepatitis patients at home? (1) Timely treatment (2) Isolation and disinfection (boil the chopsticks, towels and clothes used by patients with boiling water. Wipe the patient's used furniture with disinfectant. (3) Wash your hands after touching patients (4) Don't eat patients' leftovers. 28. How to keep the classroom clean and hygienic? (1) Sweep the floor every day. Sprinkle water before sweeping the floor. (2) Always clean tables, chairs, doors and windows. (3) Don't litter. (4) Don't spit everywhere. (5) Keep the tables and chairs tidy. (6) Pay attention to ventilation. 29. What should I do to maintain public health? (1) Clean indoor and outdoor environment (2) No spitting (3) No littering (4) No defecation (5) No doodling on walls, desks and chairs.
4. Review of infant health care knowledge.
Guidance: prevention of common infectious diseases in children 1. Clinical characteristics of infectious diseases and the basic links of their occurrence and prevalence 1. What is an infectious disease? Infectious diseases are diseases caused by pathogens.
The basic characteristics of infectious diseases are as follows: 1. There are pathogens; 2. infectivity; 3. Prevalence and seasonality; 4. Immunity. (2) The general clinical features of infectious diseases generally go through four stages, from pathogen invasion to onset and recovery. The incubation period is called incubation period.
The length of incubation period varies with the species, quantity, virulence and human immunity of pathogens. 2. The precursor period is called precursor period, which is 1~2 days.
3. The symptoms of infectious diseases gradually appear after the symptoms appear, such as the rash of scarlet fever and the stiff neck of Japanese encephalitis. Most infectious diseases are accompanied by fever, but the duration of fever in different infectious diseases is different.
4. Symptoms gradually abate during the recovery period, until complete recovery. Three links in the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases 1. The source of infection refers to a person or animal that has pathogens growing and reproducing in the body and can excrete pathogens.
Generally divided into three types: (1) patients; (2) pathogen carriers; (3) infected animals. 2. Transmission route The process that pathogens are discharged from the source of infection and invade others is called transmission route.
There are mainly six modes of transmission: (1) air droplet transmission; (2) dietary transmission; (3) insect-borne transmission; (4) Contact and communication in daily life; (5) iatrogenic transmission; (6) Vertical transmission. 3. Susceptibility refers to people who lack specific immunity to infectious diseases and are susceptible to infection.
The more susceptible people in the population are to an infectious disease, the greater the possibility of its epidemic.
5. Those who lack health knowledge.
1. What should I do if the clothes are worn for a long time and the rubbing place is shiny? It is mixed with half a cup of vinegar and half a cup of water, and then the mixture is coated on shiny clothes.
Dry it a little and then paint it again. When the clothes are dry, put a clean cloth on them and iron them at low temperature. After that, you will find that the ironed clothes are not as bright as before. 2. How can the imitation jewelry not fade? When you buy beautiful jewelry back, you should apply colorless nail polish evenly on its surface, especially at the junction of jewelry, which is easy to wear. You should apply more layers to strengthen protection.
Of course, this kind of preservation has a time limit. Once the nail polish falls off, it should be reapplied quickly to prevent it from getting air again. 3. How to clean the kitchen screen window? Take an aluminum basin, add 100g flour, add water to make a thin batter, and brush it on both sides of the screen window while it is hot.
/kloc-After 0/0 minutes, brush it several times, then rinse it with clear water, and the grease will be gone. 4. How to collect silk clothes in Tian Tian? In order to prevent wrinkles, it should be placed on the upper floor of the wardrobe when it is collected, and several pieces of interlining can be placed on it to reduce moisture from entering the wardrobe.
Store silk clothes, don't use mothballs, or the clothes will turn yellow. Also be careful not to mix cotton silk clothing with silk clothing, so as to avoid color change of silk clothing.
5. How to remove the odor of clothes? We can treat it with salt. Because salt can sterilize and prevent cotton cloth from fading, it must be soaked in salt water before wearing new clothes.
6. How to prevent the TV and stereo at home from falling into dust? Dilute the fabric softener with ten times of water, and then gently wipe the surface with a paper towel or a soft cloth. At this time, you will find that dust is not attached to electrical appliances as quickly as before, mainly because the softener plays an anti-static role. 7. How to prevent the mat from slipping? Put a piece of plastic wrap under the mat, which increases the friction between the mat and the floor, and naturally it will not slip.
8. How to prevent the bamboo mat on the sofa from slipping? It is not easy to avoid it completely, but here is a way you can try. It is the packaging of fruit and the net made of foamed plastic. In some material markets, you can buy large pieces. You can cut it to a suitable size and put it between the bamboo mat and the sofa, which can effectively increase their friction, so that the bamboo mat will not fall off easily.
9. How to prevent the chilli from being spicy? Rub your hands with a little vinegar. The pungent substance in pepper is capsaicin, and vinegar is acidic, which can neutralize the discomfort caused by capsaicin. You can also soak a little ice water in the basin, but don't put too much ice.
Otherwise it will be too cold for our fingers. 10, how to prevent the new cutting board from cracking? Soak the new cutting board in strong brine 12 to 24 hours, then rinse it before use, so it won't crack easily.
1 1. How to peel garlic skillfully? Plastic gloves can be used to wash dishes, and thicker gloves are better, because they are astringent and can be peeled off faster with high friction. That method is to rub garlic in gloves. 12, how to remove gum from hair? Apply the conditioner in the bathroom to the chewing gum and hair, then wrap it with a dry cloth or paper towel, and gently touch it down to wipe the chewing gum off the hair.
13, how to remove 5.02 million all-purpose glue from clothes? You can drop banana water on the glue stain, and then brush it with a brush until the glue becomes soft and falls off the clothes. Rinse with clean water.
You can buy banana oil in the building materials store. 14, sweat stains will make white shirts yellow, how can they turn white? Spray some diluted vinegar on the sweat stains with a sprayer first, and then wash it later, and the effect is good; If it is a place with serious yellowing under the armpit, you can soak the yellowing place in alcohol for half an hour to an hour, then rub it with soap and rinse it with water.
15, how to remove the odor of microwave oven? Spray some diluted vinegar on the sweat stains with a sprayer first, and then wash it later, and the effect is good; If it is a place with serious yellowing under the armpit, you can soak the yellowing place in alcohol for half an hour to an hour, then rub it with soap and rinse it with water. 16. What should I do if I apply mascara or eyeliner to the required parts during daily makeup? Rub a cotton swab with a little baby lotion a few times and the mascara on your eyelids will be gone.
Eyeliner is also troublesome to wipe off. In addition to baby lotion, you can also wipe it with colorless lip balm.
Dip a little lip balm with a cotton swab and apply it to the eyeliner. The extra eyeliner is gone. 17, how to restore the caked sugar to its original state? Put the sugar cubes on a plate and microwave them for five minutes.
But it depends on the amount of sugar. If the heating time is too long, the sugar will melt. 18, how to get rid of the odor of the refrigerator without cutting off the power supply? Some people say that the tea or coffee grounds you usually drink can't be washed away. You can buy medical alcohol to wipe it once, and the odor can be removed.
19. What if the goggles are foggy when swimming? Apply shampoo or your own saliva to it. 20. What about Mi Chong? Wrap a proper amount of pepper and star anise in a cloth bag and put it in a rice bag, so as to prevent rice from being invaded by Mi Chong.
2 1, the method of relieving toothache. You can cut a piece of ginger and bite it in the painful place, which can relieve the terrible toothache, because Chinese medicine believes that ginger has the functions of detoxification, sterilization and pain relief.