First, the industry standard of pollution-free food
Establishing and perfecting the standard system of pollution-free food is an important content of comprehensively promoting the action plan of pollution-free food and a prerequisite for the development and management of pollution-free food. The Ministry of Agriculture formulated and issued 73 pollution-free food standards 5438+0 in 2006, formulated 126 in 2002, revised 1 1 in 2004 and formulated1/2. The contents of pollution-free food standards include environmental standards of origin, product quality standards, production technical specifications and inspection methods. The standard covers more than 120 agricultural products, most of which are vegetables, fruits, tea, meat, eggs, milk, fish and other "vegetable basket" products related to the daily life of urban and rural residents.
The standard of pollution-free food takes the whole process of quality control as the core, which mainly includes three aspects: environmental quality standard of producing area, production technology standard and product standard. Pollution-free food standards are mainly formulated with reference to the framework of green food standards.
1. Environmental quality standard of pollution-free food producing area
The production of pollution-free food is first restricted by the regional environmental quality, that is, high-quality and safe pollution-free food can be produced only in agricultural production areas with good ecological environment. Therefore, the environmental quality standards of pollution-free food producing areas stipulate the indexes and concentration limits of air, farmland irrigation water quality, fishery water quality, livestock and poultry breeding water and soil. One is to emphasize that pollution-free food must be produced in areas with good ecological environment to ensure the pollution-free and safety of the final products of pollution-free food, and the other is to promote the protection and improvement of the environment of pollution-free food producing areas.
The main differences between the environmental quality standards of pollution-free food producing areas and green food producing areas are as follows: different environmental standards are formulated for the same product and different varieties of pollution-free food, but there is no or little difference between these environmental standards, and their indicators mainly refer to the environmental quality standards of green food producing areas; Green food is a common environmental standard for similar products, which is more operable.
2. Technical standards for pollution-free food production
The control of pollution-free food production process is the key link of pollution-free food quality control. The operating rules of pollution-free food production technology are formulated according to the types of crops, livestock and poultry and the production characteristics of different agricultural regions, which are used to guide pollution-free food production activities and standardize pollution-free food production, including agricultural product planting, livestock and poultry breeding, aquaculture and food processing.
Units or individuals engaged in the production of pollution-free agricultural products shall use agricultural inputs in strict accordance with regulations. It is forbidden to use agricultural inputs that are explicitly prohibited or eliminated by the state.
The main difference between pollution-free food production technical standards and green food production technical standards is that pollution-free food production technical standards are mainly pollution-free food production technical regulations standards, and only some products have guidelines for the use of production materials, and their production technical regulations standards are only used as reference for product certification. Due to the universality of pollution-free food, the production technical standards of pollution-free food cannot be adhered to. The technical standard of green food production includes two parts: the guide to the use of raw materials for green food production and the technical regulations for green food production, which is the core standard of green food. The certification and management of green food focus on putting the technical standards of green food production in place. Only when the technical standards of green food production are in place can the quality of green food be truly guaranteed.
3. Pollution-free food standards
The product standard of pollution-free food is an index scale to measure the final product quality of pollution-free food. Although it is the same as the national standard of ordinary food, it stipulates the appearance quality and hygiene quality of food, but its hygiene index is not higher than the national standard, focusing on safety index, which is closely combined with the current production practice. The product standard of pollution-free food reflects the production, management and control level of pollution-free food, and highlights the characteristics of pollution-free food and food safety.
The main difference between the standards of pollution-free food and green food is that the hygiene index is quite different, and the hygiene index of green food is obviously stricter than that of pollution-free food. Take cucumber as an example: the hygienic index of pollution-free food cucumber is 1 1, and that of green food cucumber is18; The hygienic requirement of pollution-free food cucumber is dichlorvos ≤0.2 mg/kg, and that of green food cucumber is dichlorvos ≤0. 1 mg/kg. In addition, green food vegetables also stipulate the specific requirements of sensory and nutritional indicators, while pollution-free vegetables do not. Green food has a general packaging guide, but pollution-free food does not.
According to the provisions of national laws and regulations and the impact of food on human health and the environment, the product standards and environmental standards of pollution-free food are mandatory standards, and the production technical specifications are recommended standards.
Second, the national standards for the safety and quality of agricultural products
In order to improve the edible safety of vegetables and fruits, ensure product quality, safeguard human health, develop pollution-free agricultural products and promote the sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy, AQSIQ has specially formulated GB 18406 and GB/T 18407, which provide national standards for the production environment and product quality of pollution-free agricultural products. The safety quality of agricultural products is divided into two parts, the environmental requirements of pollution-free agricultural products and the safety requirements of pollution-free agricultural products.
(1) Environmental requirements for producing areas of pollution-free agricultural products
The Environmental Requirements for Safe and Quality Producing Areas of Agricultural Products GB/T 18407-200 1 is divided into the following four parts:
1. Environmental requirements for safety quality of agricultural products and pollution-free vegetables (GB/T18407.1-2001)
According to the relevant requirements of the current national standards, combined with the production practice of pollution-free vegetables, this standard stipulates the environmental conditions that affect the production of pollution-free vegetables, such as water, air and soil, and provides environmental quality basis for the selection of pollution-free vegetables.
2. Safety, quality and environmental requirements for agricultural products and pollution-free fruits (GB/T 18407.2-200 1)
According to the relevant requirements of the current national standards, combined with the production practice of pollution-free fruits, this standard stipulates the environmental conditions that affect the production of pollution-free fruits, such as water, air and soil, and provides environmental quality basis for the selection of pollution-free fruits.
3. Quality and safety of agricultural products, environmental requirements for producing areas of pollution-free livestock and poultry meat (GB/T 18407.3-200 1)
In accordance with the relevant requirements of the current standards, combined with the production practice of pollution-free livestock and poultry, this standard stipulates the site selection and facilities of farms, slaughterhouses and animal products processing plants that affect livestock and poultry production, drinking water, ambient air quality and air environmental quality of livestock and poultry farms, water quality indicators of processing plants and corresponding detection methods, epidemic prevention system and disinfection measures. So as to improve the quality of livestock and poultry products in China, strengthen product safety and quality management, standardize the market, promote the development of agricultural products trade, protect people's health and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of producers, operators and consumers.
4. Environmental requirements for producing areas of pollution-free aquatic products with safe agricultural products (GB/T 18407.4-200 1)
According to the relevant requirements of the current standard, this standard specifies the indexes of farms, water quality and sediments that affect the production of aquatic products and the corresponding detection methods, and combines with the actual production of non-public aquatic products. So as to standardize the production environment of pollution-free aquatic products in China, ensure the normal growth, safety and quality of pollution-free aquatic products and promote the production of pollution-free aquatic products in China.
(2) Safety requirements of pollution-free agricultural products
The product safety requirements in the Safety and Quality of Agricultural Products GB 18406-200 1 are divided into the following four parts:
1. Safety requirements for agricultural products and pollution-free vegetables (GB18406.1-2001)
This standard gives the limit requirements and detection methods of heavy metals, nitrates, nitrites and pesticide residues in pollution-free vegetables. These limit requirements and detection methods adopt the current national standards, and at the same time, the principles of simple determination methods for pesticide residues formulated by local pesticide residue supervision and management departments are given in order to promote the exploration and improvement of simple determination methods for pesticide residues.
2. Safety requirements for agricultural products and pollution-free fruits (GB 18406.2-200 1)
This standard specifies the limit requirements and detection methods of heavy metals, nitrates, nitrites and pesticide residues in pollution-free fruits. These limit requirements and test methods all adopt the current national standards.
3. Safety requirements for pollution-free livestock and poultry meat of agricultural products (GB 18406.3-200 1)
This standard gives the limit requirements and detection methods of heavy metals, nitrite, pesticides and veterinary drug residues in pollution-free livestock and poultry meat products, as well as the requirements of microbial indicators of livestock and poultry meat products. The limit requirements, microbial indicators and inspection methods of these toxic and harmful substances all adopt the current national standards and relevant industry standards.
4. Safety requirements for agricultural products and pollution-free aquatic products (GB 18406.4-200 1)
This standard requires the sensory, freshness and microbial indicators of pollution-free aquatic products, and gives the corresponding detection methods. These requirements and test methods adopt current national standards and relevant industry standards. Environmental standards of origin (catalogue and abstract)
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