(1) Universal prevention. Universal prevention is a preventive measure aimed at the whole population. The purpose is to stabilize the level of obesity and ultimately reduce the incidence of obesity, thereby reducing the prevalence of obesity. By improving diet structure, advocating proper exercise and changing lifestyle, obesity-related diseases can be reduced and national prevention can be realized. The specific practice is as follows.
① Improve people's knowledge of weight loss and health care. Fully understand that obesity is a disease and its harm to human body. Completely change the wrong idea that "being fat is a blessing, and being fat can lead to a long life".
Understand that infants, adolescence, before and after pregnancy, after middle age and menopause are the prone stages of obesity, so we should pay special attention to taking measures to prevent obesity.
② Take a healthy and balanced diet. Develop scientific and reasonable eating habits. Ensure that there are enough starchy foods for each meal, and there are enough protein, vitamins, minerals, trace elements, essential fatty acids and other necessary nutrients in the diet. Eat less greasy food, eat more vegetables and fiber food to satisfy satiety, eat less snacks and sweets, and don't eat supper.
③ Strengthen physical exercise. Often take part in outdoor sports, such as walking, playing ball, jogging, swimming and climbing mountains. The way of exercise should be suitable for the individual's specific situation, step by step, and persevere.
It can not only enhance physical fitness, make the body healthy, but also prevent obesity.
④ Good living habits. Reasonable nutritious diet, regular and quantitative meals. It not only ensures the needs of normal work and life, but also avoids excessive energy storage. People of different ages should arrange and adjust their sleep time to meet their physiological needs and not sleep too much.
⑤ Maintain a normal and healthy state of mind. A good mood can make the physiological functions of various systems in the body run normally. Depression can make the body's physiological function disorder and slow down metabolism. If coupled with insufficient exercise, it is easy to cause fat accumulation and obesity.
⑥ Prevention of obesity should start from childhood. On the basis of ensuring the nutritional needs during pregnancy in the third trimester, we should pay attention to avoiding excessive intake of calories and nutrients, so as not to produce overweight newborns.
Babies should insist on breastfeeding after birth. Babies should regularly go to pediatric clinics for growth and development monitoring. Develop good eating habits from an early age and adhere to a balanced diet. Childhood and adolescence are easy to be obese, so family members should give them health education as soon as possible and strengthen diet and exercise guidance.
(2) selective prevention. The purpose of selective prevention is to educate people at high risk of obesity so that they can consciously resist these risk factors. For example, people with genetic risk factors are prone to obesity, and prevention should be aimed at these people. This kind of prevention can be carried out in communities, schools and primary prevention places.
(3) Targeted prevention. Targeted prevention should be carried out among people who are overweight or have biological indicators of obesity but not obese. The purpose is to prevent weight gain and reduce the prevalence of obesity-related diseases. These people are at high risk of obesity and obesity-related diseases. People who have already suffered from obesity-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia or have high risk factors for these diseases are the main targets of targeted prevention. It can be actively carried out through effective measures such as controlling diet, strengthening physical exercise and changing lifestyle. But it needs the patient's long-term unremitting persistence to be effective. Drug intervention can be used when necessary.