First, the recommended conditions for extracurricular reading.
1, open the school reading room. "All for children" is the common goal of schools and families. Schools should do everything possible to overcome financial difficulties, buy extra-curricular books for students and organize the opening of school reading rooms in accordance with the provisions of Chinese curriculum standards.
2. Establish a class book corner. Every school and every class should set up a class book corner for students to donate extracurricular books voluntarily, and be equipped with a librarian for students to borrow and circulate at any time.
3. The school attaches importance to reading. Parents are trained to be him through parent-teacher conferences.
Students know the importance of extracurricular reading and actively cooperate with the school to do a good job in extracurricular reading.
Second, the recommended content of extracurricular reading materials.
1, recommend books related to teaching content. As an extension and supplement of Chinese classroom teaching, extracurricular reading can be combined with the recommendation of teaching content, and some books and materials can be introduced into classroom supplementary learning to extend classroom teaching, expand knowledge, strengthen memory and understanding, and achieve the purpose of applying what you have learned and applying what you have learned. Because the richer the students' reserve knowledge, the stronger their ability to achieve mastery through a comprehensive study, and the easier and firmer their study in class. After The Little Match Girl and The Ugly Duckling, you can introduce the Selected Fairy Tales of Andersen to students and learn.
After learning Kite, students can be guided to read Flowers in the Morning and Picking Up in the Evening. After learning the Sun, you can recommend Exploring the Mysteries of the Universe to students and so on.
2. Provide reading materials according to the age and physical and mental characteristics of students in different classes. (1) In the first issue, books with illustrations, short length, strong interest and easy to understand are recommended. Children in this period are mostly 6-8 years old. Their social interaction is more extensive than that of preschool children, and their language ability develops rapidly. They can tell their thoughts or stories to others in an orderly way. This stage is the peak of children's imagination development. They began to distinguish between reality and fantasy, and also had their own superficial understanding of right and wrong, good and evil. They like to do some social simulation activities that imitate adults with their friends. During this period, children are very interested in storybooks, fairy tales, fables, cartoons and other short, interesting and easy-to-understand books that simulate the animal world of social life. Teachers should recommend them for children in time. Such as providing 365 nights of knowledge fairy tales, Tintin's adventures, Grimm's fairy tales, etc., to satisfy their reading desire.
Children in this learning period have less literacy, short attention span and poor independent reading ability. During this period, the teacher can read the story to the students, and then ask the students to repeat it, so as to stimulate students' interest in reading. Especially when telling stories to students, teachers should let students read the text as much as possible, so that students can learn more about Chinese characters and stimulate their desire to read. For example, excellent works that primary school students must read, children's encyclopedia "Thinking and Doing", "Rats and Kittens" and other books.
The reading tendency of students in the first period can be summarized as the following 13 items: 1, short stories with continuous and complete contents.
2. Use knowledgeable children's books or gain experience from direct observation. I like fantasy stories. 4. Be able to understand simple biographies and historical stories.
He likes to express the simple stories he has seen by means of drama performance.
6. I like to discuss the content of the story and the details of the characters' activities through questions and answers. 7. Look forward to the karma and karma in the story. 8. Interested in the rules mentioned in children's books. 9. I like humor and unexpected ending.
10, like books with lively words, great changes in content and lively atmosphere. 1 1, like reading aloud.
12, like to introduce children's books of nature and animal kingdom. 13, like to introduce children's books with different lifestyles and natural environments.
(2) In the second issue, we should recommend and provide reading materials with strong sense of rhythm, variety and interest. Children in this period have known and mastered most commonly used Chinese characters, and have been able to read short stories and novellas. Their attention is longer than the first period, and they can read alone for a long time. However, because children have a wide range of interests, their minds are easily distracted and easily disturbed by the outside world, teachers should recommend and provide students with more rhythmic, diverse and interesting reading materials at this stage. Such as "100,000 Why", "Dalin and Kobayashi", "The Complete Biography of Mr. York" and other reading materials.
With the increase of literacy, the reading ability of children in this period has improved. They gradually find that reading is their own enjoyment, and they like to read quietly alone, and then communicate and discuss with others. At this stage, teachers should pay attention to students' individual reading, encourage students to write reading notes, and organize various reading competitions or story speeches to maintain students' strong interest in extracurricular reading.
(3) In the third stage, we should recommend mysterious, mysterious and supernatural science fiction books, philosophical historical stories or biographies, and some classic traditional works.
Children in this period have a wider understanding of the world. They began to be curious about their own development and appearance, had their own idols and imagined their future career. At this stage, children begin to know how to care for others, sympathize with the weak, and be able to put themselves in their own shoes.
Think of others, gradually get rid of absolute self-centeredness, have a clear concept of time and space, and try to look at the same problem from different angles. Therefore, teachers should guide students to watch more TV news and newspapers, provide or recommend mysterious, mysterious and supernatural science fiction books, philosophical historical stories or biographies, and let students read some classic traditional works.
Children in this period have begun to learn to look at society and life from their own perspective and pay attention to the embodiment of self-worth. During this period, reading contests, speech contests and composition contests can be organized to show students the effectiveness of their extracurricular reading. At the same time, through extracurricular special research activities, students' enthusiasm for extracurricular reading is stimulated, cooperative consciousness and persistent will quality are cultivated, and the ability to collect and process information is gradually formed. Recommend books suitable for students' age characteristics.
3. Recommend reading materials according to students' personality characteristics.
In the usual teaching process, teachers should find out students' personality characteristics, master students' preferences, help students choose or recommend reading materials, such as animals and plants, mysterious universe and astronomy, machinery and architecture, or professional books such as encyclopedic knowledge, music, art, sports, etc., so that students can fall in love with reading by reading their favorite books. Guide people who love science and technology to read more books such as "100 thousand whys" and "encyclopedia of knowledge"; If you like fairy tales, guide them to read more books such as Selected Fairy Tales of Andersen and Selected Fairy Tales of Grimm. I like reading books like Five Thousand Years Up and Down and Romance of the Three Kingdoms under the guidance of history. Military enthusiasts can choose books such as Military World, History of Weapons, Documentary of World War II, etc. to learn about military knowledge and historical facts and set up lofty ideals. Science and technology lovers can choose books such as Small Production of Science and Technology, Small Inventions, Small Experiments and Great Mysteries of Science to meet their reading needs, cultivate their practical ability and improve their scientific quality.
Raise. At the same time, students with the same interests can be divided into groups and set up group leaders to facilitate their mutual supervision, discussion and communication.
4. Recommend reading materials in combination with self-reading textbooks.
At present, the self-reading textbook "Close to Mother Tongue" we use is arranged according to a certain system, which can be used in conjunction with Chinese textbooks, so that teachers can guide students to read in a targeted manner. At the same time, close to the mother tongue, a "recommended bibliography" is set up according to the age characteristics of students, and teachers can guide students to choose freely and read independently.
5, combined with major festivals recommended reading.
For example, when the National Day comes, you can recommend some books about a long history, excellent culture, scientific heritage, magnificent mountains and rivers, achievements in socialist construction, etc. Let students know more about and love their motherland through reading. Another example: Dragon Boat Festival is coming, students can consult and exchange the origin of Dragon Boat Festival, and then guide students to read articles and books about Qu Yuan.
6. Recommend reading materials in combination with various activities.
(1), first of all, schools should carry out reading activities with diverse contents and lively forms, which are in line with the characteristics of children's psychological development. Through vivid reading activities and self-practice, attract them into a colorful world, stimulate their reading interest, and gradually cultivate their reading interest in the activities. Activities don't have to be vigorous, and sometimes they have to be very detailed. It is necessary to strengthen various small-scale reading activities on the battlefield, such as reading short articles, speeches, knowledge contests, story meetings, performances of characters in books, social gatherings, life experiences and other activities. If you cooperate with the school reading festival, you can read a lot of excellent works or beautiful articles, such as Short Essays and Great Wisdom, Selected Proses, China's Best Children's Literature of the Year and so on. Make reading notes (or extracts or comments) in time, actively recommend and guide, form an interactive reading atmosphere, and achieve the purpose of resource sharing.
(2) The second is to cooperate with society, schools and classes to carry out special activities and recommend relevant books to students. In the activity, students want to fully express themselves, so students have a strong reading purpose and interest, so the effect will be good. If you cooperate with the activity of "learning from Lei Feng", you can choose to read some books such as The Story of Lei Feng and The Biography of Lei Feng at the right time. If you cooperate with national education, you can choose books such as "Don't forget national humiliation" and "Up and Down for 5,000 years". The school carries out the theme activities of "advocating science and opposing cults", and can recommend students to read some books on scientific fantasy, the origin of human beings and the universe in advance. Another example is the school's "Hero Story Toastmasters" activity, which can recommend books such as Red Rock to students. By holding an "insect specimen making" competition, you can recommend books such as insects to students.
7. Choose recommendation according to local historical and geographical conditions.
Choosing recommended books according to local historical events, celebrities and places of interest can educate students to love their hometown more.
Third, the recommended way of extracurricular reading materials
1, sort out the recommended bibliography. According to the needs of children of different ages in their study, life, psychological development and healthy growth, we can compile various highly targeted recommended bibliographies, special bibliographies and required readings. By providing book sources and certain bibliographic guidance, we can help solve the problems encountered in this process and let them read such excellent books. Must-read bibliography is a bibliography that every student must read, which has the stipulation of reading object, the non-selectivity of reading content and the limitation of reading time. Most of the required books are limited, but students have wide interests and are full of energy. Generally, you can recommend books to help you choose to read more, and at the same time, you can do well with the situation and holiday activities.
Bibliography should be compiled according to readers' different ages and needs. Taking foreign literary masterpieces as an example, junior students are suitable for reading Chinese pinyin books and painting books; Students in grades five and six are suitable for reading rewritten and abbreviated versions.
2. Introduction of new books. Holding a new book introduction meeting is an effective way to introduce the contents of books to readers and give reading guidance. The so-called new book is not necessarily a book that has just been published, but a book that children have not read yet. At the introduction meeting, readers who have read this book are invited to tell you the contents of the book, read the fragments from the book, and readers can also dress up the characters in the book to perform the story. This kind of briefing can also be combined with library exhibitions, and the books introduced can be one or several. Open up "readers' gardens" in reading rooms and libraries, and set up "make friends with good books", "please read this book" and "new bookshelves".
No matter how to recommend reading materials to students, we should first let students read excellent classic children's literature at home and abroad. Children's literature is full of truth, goodness and beauty, closest to children's emotional world and most imaginative. Many classic children's songs, children's poems, prose poems, fairy tales and novels are beautiful. Reading these works can not only give children a language foundation, but also give them a spiritual foundation. The Wizard of Oz, Pinocchio, The Adventures of the Boatman and the works of Andersen and Brothers Grimm. These classic children's literature books are not only extracurricular reading materials that meet children's psychological and cognitive development level, but also can purify children's spiritual world and stimulate children's reading interest. Therefore, teachers should not only recommend literary works such as fairy tales, folk stories and fables, but also recommend social science knowledge reading materials such as scientific and technological knowledge and political common sense. In addition to recommending modern books, you can also recommend a small number of popular ancient books, especially ancient poems. Newspapers and magazines should also be read on demand.
In short, in Chinese teaching activities, teachers should fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and organically combine in-class reading with extracurricular reading, thus improving the quality of reading teaching.