So what do the diagnostic nouns on the ECG report mean? Today, we choose some common inspection results for your analysis.
Common ECG report content
1. Heart rate and rhythm
The difference between heart rate and heart rate is completely different. Heart rate refers to the frequency of heartbeat. The normal heart rate range of healthy adults is 60- 100 beats/min, but the optimal range is 50-70 beats/min. Too fast heartbeat is tachycardia, too slow heartbeat is bradycardia; Heart rhythm reflects the rhythm of the heart beating. The rhythm of healthy people is regular (sinus rhythm), and the rhythm that loses its regularity can be sinus arrhythmia, supraventricular premature beats, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmia or ventricular tachycardia.
2. Sinus rhythm
Many people see "sinus" and think it is some kind of disease, but it is completely wrong. Every heartbeat of a healthy person starts from a special position on the right atrium called sinoatrial node. Clinically, the heartbeat from here is called "sinus rhythm", which is a normal heart rhythm.
3. Sinus arrhythmia
Sinus arrhythmia is more common in healthy children and young people. Clinically, many healthy people may also detect sinus arrhythmia during physical examination. Don't worry, it's basically a physiological phenomenon. As long as there are no other abnormalities, there is no need for treatment.
4. Sinus tachycardia
Sinus tachycardia generally refers to adult heart rate higher than 100 beats/min. Healthy people often get excited by smoking, drinking, drinking coffee and being nervous. So they can adjust their lifestyle in time without too much intervention; Clinically, there are still some patients with tachycardia caused by hyperthyroidism, coronary heart disease, anemia and other pathological factors, or some drugs excite sympathetic nerves, even accompanied by obvious discomfort, which needs attention and medical treatment as soon as possible.
5. Sinus bradycardia
We usually call the heart rate below 60 beats/minute sinus bradycardia. But there are exceptions, such as athletes or people who have regular exercise habits for a long time. Their heart function is stronger than that of the general population, so their heart rate can be lower than 60 beats/min or even lower than 50 beats/min. Only when bradycardia is accompanied by chest tightness, fatigue, dizziness and other symptoms, should further examination be considered to confirm whether there is hidden cardiovascular disease.
When the frequency and/or rhythm of heart beating is abnormal, it is arrhythmia. In fact, arrhythmia is a large class of diseases, which will be distinguished according to its different types in clinic, and then the specific treatment methods will be decided. In addition to the above points, we should pay more attention to the following points.
1. Premature beats
Premature beat is the most common arrhythmia, which means that it suddenly appears outside the normal heartbeat. Although a certain proportion of healthy people will have premature beats, they are more common in patients with organic heart disease.
Clinical studies have found that the incidence of premature beats increases with age. Drinking, coffee and tea, exercise, emotional excitement and even constipation will also increase the proportion of premature beats. For patients with family history of coronary heart disease and risk factors of atherosclerosis, premature beat is a dangerous signal that can not be ignored.
2. tachycardia
People will have a rapid heartbeat when they are particularly nervous or strenuous exercise, that is, tachycardia, which is a normal physiological reaction. If tachycardia is accompanied by obvious palpitation, chest tightness, even hypotension, dizziness, blackness and other manifestations, it may be atrial tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia and so on. And check and treat in time.
3. Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
Both atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (atrial flutter is more like the early form of atrial fibrillation) are serious arrhythmia, which is high in elderly patients with heart disease. The main manifestations are extremely irregular heartbeat, rapid early heart rate, sudden onset, some of which can stop on their own, and may be accompanied by dyspnea, palpitation, palpitation and other uncomfortable symptoms.
Besides uncomfortable symptoms, the biggest harm of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter is that thrombus may occur in the atrium. After the thrombus falls off, it can flow to different organs with blood, which may easily lead to cerebral infarction, renal artery embolism, mesenteric artery embolism or peripheral artery embolism, so once it is found, it is necessary to seek medical attention in time.
1.ST-T segment change
ST-T segment change is a high-frequency word in clinic, which is mainly used to diagnose angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia. However, even if the ECG shows ST-T segment changes, it does not mean that there must be coronary heart disease. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertension and valvular disease can all cause ST-T changes. In addition, autonomic nervous dysfunction, hypokalemia, digitalis and other factors may also cause ST-T segment changes. In addition, the increase of sympathetic nerve tension caused by emotional tension, fear, fasting and female menstrual period may also lead to the change of functional ST-T.
2. conduction block
Conduction block refers to the obstruction of ECG in the conduction process after it comes out of sinoatrial node. It is especially common in elderly patients and increases with age. Conduction block is physiological and pathological, and it is varied, so it should be comprehensively judged according to the related symptoms of patients in clinic.