Table of Contents for Concise Chinese History Reader

III Arts, Sports and Recreation

IV Science and Technology

Chapter IV Qin and Han Dynasties

Section I The Qin Dynasty, a Unified, Authoritarian, Centralized and Feudal State

I Qin Shihuang and the Establishment of the Authoritarian, Centralized and Feudal System

II Measures for Consolidation of Reunification

III Unified, Multi-ethnic State

III The Formation of a Unified Multi-National State

IV Chen Sheng Wu Guang's Uprising and the Fall of the Qin Dynasty

Section II: The Rise and Fall of the Western Han Dynasty

I The Establishment of the Western Han Dynasty and the "Huanglao" Politics in the Early Han Dynasty

II Struggle against the Vassals in the Early Han Dynasty

III Emperor Wu's civil and military achievements

4 Politics in the Middle and Late Western Han Dynasty

5 Wang Mang's reorganization and Xin Mang's demise

6 Frontier and ethnic relations in the Middle and Late Western Han Dynasty

Section 3: Social changes and dynastic politics in the Eastern Han Dynasty

I The establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty and its politics in the early period of the Han Dynasty

II The development of the power of the powerful clans

III Alternative powers of the relatives and eunuchs

II The development of the powerful clan

II The development of the powerful clan

III Alternation of power

Four: The Qing Dynasty and Party Confinement

Five: The Yellow Turban Uprising and the Downfall of the Eastern Han Dynasty

Six: Ethnic and Foreign Relations in the Eastern Han Dynasty

Section 4: Society and Economy in the Qin-Han Period

One: Social Classes and Stratification

Two: Cadastre, Land, and Servitude

Three: Agriculture and Crafts

Four: Commodity Economy

Four. Commodity Economy

Section 5 Ideology, Culture, and Science and Technology in the Qin and Han Dynasties

I Scripture and the Controversy over the Modern and Ancient Languages

II History, Literature, and the Arts

III The Importation of Buddhism and the Rise of Taoism

IV Science and Technology

CHAPTER V THE WEI, JIN, AND NORTH AND SOUTH CHAIRPERIODS

SECTION I The Establishment and Governance of Three Powers

I Cao Cao and the Cao Wei Regime

II The Founding of Shu Han and Zhuge Liang's Governance of Shu

III The Founding of Sun Wu in Jiangnan

Section Two: The Transient Reunification of the Western Jin Dynasty

I The Founding of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Unification of the Nation

II The Rebellion of the Eight Kings and the Downfall of the Western Jin Dynasty

III The Sect System and the Formation of the Sect Scholar Clans

Section Three: The Sixteen Kingdoms Period The Northern Situation in the Period of Sixteen Kingdoms

One: The Internal Migration of the Five Hu and the North in the Pre-Sixteen Kingdoms Period

Two: Differences in Ethnic Policies between Houzhao and Former Qin

Three: The Battle of the Interbelligerent River and the Re-division of the North

Section Four: The East Jin Dynasty and the Alternation of the Southern Regime

One: The Establishment of the East Jin Dynasty and its Expedition to the North and the West

Section 2: The Internal Disputes of the Scholarly Clans and the Sectarian Politics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty

Section 3: The Transition of the Southern Dynasties

Section 4: The Rise of the Cold and Common Clans in the Southern Dynasties and the Decline of the Sectarian Scholarly Clans

Section 5: The Social Developments and Political Changes of the Northern Dynasties

Section 5: Reforms and the Integration of Northern Nations in the Northern Dynasties

Section 6: Reforms and the Integration of Northern Nations in the Northern Dynasties by the Emperor Xiaowen Reforms and Ethnic Integration in the North

3 The Six Towns Uprising and the Split of the Northern Wei Dynasty

4 The Guanlong Group and the Re-unification of the North

Section 6: Socio-Economic and Class Relations During the Wei, Jin, and North-South Dynasties Periods

I Evolution of the Land System and the Twisting Development of the Northern Socio-Economic System

II Waves of Migration and the Economic Exploitation of the Southern Jiangsu Province

III Social Class Strata The status of laborers

Section 7: Ideology, culture, science and technology during the Wei, Jin, and North-South Dynasties

I Ideology and religion

II Literature, art and art

III History

IV Science and technology

Chapter 6: Soi and Tang Dynasties

Section 1: Reunification and demise of the Soi

Section 2: Prosperity of the early Tang period

I. p>

One: Emperor Taizong of Tang and the "Rule of Zhenguan"

Two: Female Emperor Wu Zetian

Three: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and the Golden Age

Section Three: The Decline and Fall of the Late Tang Dynasty

One: Anshi's Rebellion and Clans and Towns

Two: Cronyism and Eunuchs' Autocracy

Three: Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao's Revolt and the Downfall of the Tang Dynasty

Three. Huang Chao's Rebellion and the Fall of the Tang Dynasty

Section 4: The Political System of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

1 Three Provinces and Six Ministries and the Dispatch of Ambassadors

2 The Establishment of the Imperial Examination System

3 The Complete Format of the Laws and Ordinances

4 The Governmental Soldier System and the Recruitment of Troops

Section 5: The Social, Economic and Class Structures of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

1 The System of Equalization of Fields and its Collapse

2 From the Rentier System to the Two Rentier System

3 II From the rent-means-transfer system to the two-tax law

III Cities and commerce

IV Class structure

Section VI: Ethnic and Sino-foreign relations in the Sui and Tang dynasties

I Turks, Huihe, and the Western Regions

II Tubo, Nanzhao, and Bohai

III Sino-foreign relations

Section VII: Ideology, culture and science and technology in the Sui and Tang dynasties

I Ideology and religion

I Ideology and Religion

II History and Literature

III Art and Science and Technology

Chapter VII The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and the Periods of Liao, Song, Xixia, and Jin

Section 1 The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and the Rise of the Qidan

I The Changing of the Five Generations

II The Ten Kingdoms and the Rule of Ten Kingdoms

III The Rise of the Qidan

Section 2 The Establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Political Reforms

I The Establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty and Its Partial Reunification

II Ruling Measures of the Northern Song Dynasty

III Ruling Crisis of the Northern Song Dynasty and Peasant Uprising

IV Wang Anshi's Reforms

Section III: Liao, Xixia, Tubo, H?ng Migratory Foos, and Dali

I Liao's Rule in the North

II The Rise of Xixia's Ruling and Its Development

III Tubo's Rise and Development of Xixia's Ruling and its Development

3 Tubo, Hui migratory birds and Dali

Section IV: Confrontation between Jin, Liao and Song

I The Establishment of Jin and the Demise of Liao and the Northern Song Dynasty

II The Formation of Confrontation between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty

III The Rule and Demise of the Jin Dynasty

IV The Politics of the Southern Song Dynasty after the Establishment of the Confrontation between the North and the South and the Demise of the Southern Song Dynasty

Section V: Socio-Economic and Class Structure during the Periods of Liao, Song, Xi Xia, Jin and the Northern Song Dynasty

Section VI. Socio-Economic and Class Structure of the Liao, Song, Xixia and Jin Dynasties

I Socio-Economic

II Class Structure

Section VI: Ideology, Culture, Science and Technology of the Liao, Song, Xixia and Jin Dynasties

I Song Learning

II Religion

III Historiography

IV Literature, Art and Science and Technology

V Science and Technology

Chapter VIII: The Yuan Dynasty

Section I: The Rise of the Mongols

I Genghis Khan's Unification of the Mongolian Steppe and the Creation of the Great Mongolian State

II Mongol Western Expedition and the Establishment of the Four Great Khanates

Section II: Further Development of the Unified Multi-ethnic State

I Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty and the Unification of the Nation

II Centralized and Local Administrations

III Effective Governance of the Ethnic Areas and the Effective Governance of Border Areas

Section 3: Ethnic Hierarchy and the Decline of Yuan Politics

I The Four-Class System

II The Political Situation and Corruption of Officials in the Mid- and Late Yuan Dynasty

Section 4: The Economy and Class Relations in the Yuan Dynasty

I Socio-Economic Recovery and Development

II The Land System and Class Relations

Section 5: The Yuan Dynasty's Ideology, Culture, and Science and Technology

I Ideology and Religion

II History, Literature, and Art

III Science and Technology

Chapter 9: The Ming Dynasty

Section I. Establishment and Consolidation of the Ming Dynasty

I The Rise of the Hordes at the End of the Yuan Dynasty and the Establishment of the Ming Dynasty by Zhu Yuanzhang

II Strengthening of Monarchial Dictatorship

III The Establishment of Tuen Mun Reclamation and Service System

Section III. The Establishment of the Tuen Mun Reclamation and Servitude System

4 Ming Chengzu's Management of Ethnic Areas and Borderlands

Section 2: Evolution of the Political System in the Mid-Ming Period

1 From the Rule of Renxuan to the Rise of Hongzhi

2 Cabinet System and the Participation of Eunuchs in Politics

3 The Establishment of the System of Governors and Governors

Section 3: Crisis in the Late Ming Period and the Reforms of Zhang Juzheng

1 Political Crisis in the Later Ming Period

1 The Political Crisis of the Late Ming Period

2 Political Crisis in the Late Ming Period

II Southern Japan and the "Northern Captivity"

III Reforms of Zhang Juzheng

Section IV: The Commodity Economy and the Sprouting of Capitalism in the Ming Dynasty

I The Prosperity of the Commodity Economy and the Rise of the Citizen Classes

II Overseas Trade and the Influx of Silver

III. III The Bud of Capitalism

Section 5: The Fall of the Ming Dynasty and the Entry of Qing Troops into the Customs Territory

I Political Corruption in the Late Ming Dynasty

II The Rise of the Manchus and the War between the Later Jin and the Ming Dynasty

III Li Zicheng's Uprising and the Fall of the Ming Dynasty

IV The Entry of Qing Troops into the Customs Territory and the Battle of Shanhaiguan

Section 6: The Sino-foreign Relations of the Ming Dynasty

I Zheng He's Descents into the Western Seas

II Relations between the Ming Dynasty and Korea, Japan and Central Asia

III Contacts between the Ming Dynasty and Europe

Section VII: Ideology and Religion

I Ideology and Religion

II Literature, Arts and Culture

III Science and Technology

CHAPTER X: THE CHINESE PRE-CONQUESTION

SECTION I. The Establishment of Beijing and the Establishment of National Rule

Section I. The Establishment of the Qing Dynasty and the Establishment of National Rule

1 The Establishment of the Qing Dynasty and the Anti-Qing Movements in Different Parts of the Early Qing Dynasty

2 The Internal Struggle of the Ruling Group and the Pro-Government of the Young Monarchs

3 The Settlement of the Sanfan Rebellion and the Reunification of Taiwan

Section 2: Stabilization of Ethnic Areas and Frontiers during the Kangxi, Yongqian Periods

1 The Conquest of Galdan by Emperor Kangxi and the Expulsion of Tibetans to the Republic of China

2 Measures to Stabilize the Ethnic Areas and Frontiers under Emperor Yongzheng Measures to Stabilize Ethnic Areas and Frontiers

3 Emperor Qianlong's Pingzhunpinghui and Unification of the North and South of the Tianshan Mountains

4 Administration of Ethnic Areas and Frontiers and Ethnic Policies of the Qing Dynasty

Section III: Central and Local Administrative Systems in the Pre-Qing Period

1 Auxiliary Governmental Institutions in the P.R. of the Central Government and the Central Administrative Organs

2 Provincial Administrations of Local Authorities

Section IV. Section 4: The Fulfillment System and Social Economy in the Early Qing Dynasty

I Reform of the Fulfillment System

II Socio-Economic Development

III Population Expansion and Intensification of Class Conflicts

Section 5: Sino-Foreign Relations in the Early Qing Dynasty

I Relationships Between the Qing Dynasty and the Neighboring Countries

II Policies of the Qing Government toward the Missionaries and the Catholics

VII. Policy of the Qing Government on Missionaries and Catholicism in China

3 The British Mission to China and the Sino-British Conflict

Section 6: Ideology, Culture, Science and Technology in the Early Qing Dynasty

I Enlightenment and the Three Great Thinkers in the Early Qing Dynasty

II Cultural Policies of the Qing Dynasty

III Ideology and Academics

IV Literature and the Arts

V Science and Technology

CHAPTER 11: The Later Period of the Qing Dynasty

Section I. /p>

Section 1: Invasion of China by the Great Powers and the Decline of the State

One: The Two Opium Wars and the Signing of a Series of Unequal Treaties, Including the Treaty of Nanking

Two: The Sino-French War and the Signing of the Sino-French New Treaty

Three: The Sino-Japanese War and the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki

Four: The Invasion by the Eight-Power Allied Forces and the Treaty of Xinjiao

The Late Qing Period under the Loss of Sovereignty Section 2: Changes in the Social and Political System of the Late Qing under the Loss of Sovereignty

I The Impact of the Invasion of Foreign Goods on the Feudal Natural Economy

II The Evolution of the Political System of the Late Qing

Section 3: The Popular Resistance Struggle and the Proposals for Salvation and Survival of the Aspirants and Scholars

I The People's Struggle Against the British in Sanyuanli

II Hung Hsiu-ch'üan and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Rebellion

III The Twisted Bunch Revolt and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolt

Fourth Section: The Attempts of the Foreign Affairs Movement to Seek Strength and Wealth

One: "Tongguang's New Deal" and the Rise of the Foreign Affairs Movement

Two: The Establishment of Naval and Land Armies, and the Establishment of Mining and Industry, Transportation, and New Schools

Three: The Bankruptcy of the Foreign Affairs Movement

Third: The Rise of the Foreign Affairs Movement

Three: The Rise of the Foreign Affairs Movement

Section 5: The unprecedented severity of the national crisis and the failure of the Reform and Restoration Movement

1: The frenzy to divide China and the Map of the Current Situation

2: The Reform of the Hundred Days' Reform and its failure

3: The attack of the monarchical autocracy by Kang Youwei's "The Book of the Great Peace"

Section 6: The abortion of the "New Deal" and the failure of the "New Deal" at the end of the Qing Dynasty

Section 7: The New Deal of the Qing Dynasty and its failure The Abandonment of the "New Deal" and the Outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution in the Late Qing Dynasty

One: The Alliance led by Sun Yat-sen and the Guangzhou Uprising

Two: The Abandonment of the "New Deal" and the "Preparatory Constitutionalism" in the Late Qing Dynasty

Three: The Outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution and the Abdication of the Qing Emperor The outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution and the abdication of the Qing Emperor

Bibliography

Illustrations

Afterword