The continuous improvement of social productivity has promoted the rapid development of the modern packaging industry, resulting in a large number of modern packaging, short life. Most of the modern packaging products are disposable consumer goods, from raw materials to product molding, consumption, waste cycle is relatively short, most of the products to the hands of consumers, the life of the packaging is also the end of the resulting packaging waste on the environment has caused great pollution, seriously affecting the quality of human existence. Data show that the environmental pollution caused by packaging waste is second only to water pollution, oceans and lakes, air pollution, has ranked fourth. Therefore, it has become a global ****same concern by establishing relevant regulations to force the reduction of packaging waste generation, and at the same time improve and enhance its recycling and utilization technology. This paper attempts to categorize packaging wastes according to their materials and to study their respective recycling and utilization.
A, paper packaging waste recycling and utilization
Packaging materials in the fastest-growing paper packaging materials, recycling can be recycled to obtain significant ecological and economic benefits and other characteristics have become the focus of development and utilization. At present, for paper packaging waste, usually using recycled paper and the development of new products for recycling in two ways.
1, paper packaging waste recycled paper
Waste paper recycled paper there are two main processes: pulping and papermaking. Pulping process is: crushing, purification, screening and concentration; papermaking is the waste paper pulp transported to the paper machine, through the net, press, drying and calendering, made of cylinder paper or flat paper.
①Waste paper shredding
Waste paper after the initial selection of the general use of hydraulic pulper shredding
②Waste paper screening, deconcentration and concentration
Waste paper shredding screening is mainly the use of rotary sieve (aperture 10mm) and 25L sieve (diameter of 2.5mm) to remove debris in the shredded waste paper (plastic, wood, nylon rope, binding lines, etc.). (plastic chips, wood chips, nylon strings, binding threads, etc.). Thinning is not completely broken waste paper part (such as staples around the part) by the thinning machine to continue to break down, and make the pulp fiber residual ink further separation. Concentration is the use of concentration equipment (such as circular mesh concentrator, vacuum filter and pouring pressure filter, etc.) to dewater and concentrate the low-concentration pulp material.
3 pulp to asphalt, hot melt adhesive and other debris
If the pulp contains asphalt and wax need to be heated and melted, and then use the cyclone separator will be uniformly dispersed in the pulp, due to the dispersion of the finer, so it is not easy to detect the finished paper. The hot melt adhesive in the stock will block the mesh, dirty dyeing rollers and drying cylinders during the paper making process, thus the paper breaks, so it is necessary to use hot dispersion method, cold sieve method and hot spraying and releasing method to get rid of it.
4 waste paper deinking
Waste paper deinking is usually carried out in the intermittent operation of the hydraulic pulper. In order to achieve good deinking effect, must pay attention to the following issues; feeding order; deinking agent first added to the hot water of the pulper, dissolve and then add the waste paper; appropriately raise the temperature to promote the ink diffusion (due to the nature of the waste paper and deinking agent varies, the low temperature is about 40 ~ 600 ℃, high temperature is about 80 ~ 900 ℃); appropriately prolonged to promote the waste paper decontamination and ink dispersion (usually each pool of stock deinking time for 1) ~ 1.5h; timely washing of the deinked pulp to prevent fiber color.
⑤Bleaching of pulp
After the waste paper is stored for a period of time, the whiteness of the fiber will be reduced, and the deinked pulp needs to be bleached in order to restore the original whiteness. Mills are using bleaching machines to bleach pulp. If the bleaching agent for bleaching powder when the effective chlorine content of 7%, bleaching time of about 2 h. If you want to improve the whiteness of waste paper pulp, you can also take the following measures: First, strengthen the washing and sieve microfibers; Second, according to the length of the fiber were bleached; Third, bleaching before the use of enzyme pre-treatment.
Pulp blending treatment, activation treatment, as well as sizing, filling, toning, enhancement and copying and other processes are basically the same as ordinary papermaking, will not be repeated here.
2, paper packaging waste development of new products
① Manufacturing pulp molded products
Pulp molded products are free of debris waste paper pulp through the vacuum modeling, hydraulic modeling and air compression modeling and other methods, will be quickly and uniformly deposited into the mesh model, and then compressed and dried into. The process is as follows: waste paper sorting, grinding and pulping, preparation of components, pulp sizing, blending concentration, product molding, cold extrusion and shape correction. The products are lightweight, inexpensive, shockproof, breathable and non-polluting to the environment, and thus are widely used in the packaging of eggs, fruits, glass and so on.
② manufacture of composite panels
Waste paper can be made of relatively high strength glued cardboard, the method is to waste paper and phenolic or urea-formaldehyde resins *** with the press and become (phenolic resin pressing temperature of 170 ℃, urea-formaldehyde resin pressing temperature of 140 ℃). Waste paper can also be manufactured asphalt corrugated board, the method is waste paper, cotton yarn head, coconut fiber and asphalt and other raw materials molded. The product is well insulated, impermeable, lightweight, fireproof and corrosion-resistant, and can be used as house construction materials.
③Manufacture of confetti paste
Waste confetti hydrolyzed to produce adhesive paste, the method is to put clean and ink-free confetti (1 part) into the sodium hydroxide (0.1 parts) in the soaking for 24h, after stirring to dissolve, and then add chloroacetic acid (0.35 parts) and sodium carbonate (0.1 parts), and finally add water and stirred to form a slurry. In order to prevent mold and discoloration, a small amount of hydrochloric acid can be added to adjust the pH to neutral.
4 production of livestock feed
Waste paper can produce livestock feed, the method is to shred waste paper, add water and 2% of hydrochloric acid, and then boiled for 2h, in the high temperature and acid, cellulose decomposition fracture, and then added to the feed (add 20% to 40%), used to feed cattle and sheep and other animals, the nutritional effect of its ordinary feed to improve the 1 / 3. With the feed, cattle and sheep, the disease of the feed, and then the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed, the feed. The cattle and sheep fed with this kind of feed have less disease and more fat.
Two, wood packaging waste recycling and utilization
Wood is one of the important materials for packaging, the use of wood can be made in a variety of forms of transportation packaging containers and high-grade sales packaging. A large number of wooden packaging waste discarded, not only polluted the natural environment, but also a waste of valuable resources. Wood packaging waste recycling and utilization is usually recycling reuse, mechanical or chemical treatment methods.
1. Wooden packaging recycling reuse
Wooden packaging recycling reuse is the waste of wooden packaging centralized recycling, and then return to the manufacturer for the original product packaging methods. This recycling reuse has a fixed point of long-term supply, fixed-point time recycling and export of bilateral agreements in three ways. Fixed long-term supply applies to manufacturers who provide products to other regions for a long time. Fixed-time recycling is applicable to the circulation of large quantities of goods, the circulation of short distance product packaging. Export place bilateral agreement applies to packaging export products through the establishment of some kind of packaging recycling bilateral agreement, so that the use of wood packaging can be recycled in the transnational circulation.
The recovery and reuse of wood packaging is the preferred way of wood packaging waste recycling and utilization.
2. Mechanical or chemical treatment of wood packaging
The use of mechanical or chemical treatment methods, can be discarded wood packaging can be used to manufacture flooring, fiberboard, self-lubricating materials, aminotimber and other products.
①Manufacture of wood fiberboard
Wood fiberboard is the use of wood chips as the main raw material for the production of a man-made board. Its manufacturing process mainly includes material preparation, fiber separation, fiber drying, fiber grading, glue mixing, slab lay-up, slab hot pressing, post-treatment, surface processing and other processes.
②Production of self-lubricating materials
The use of lignocellulosic inertia, recycled wood packaging can be used for the manufacture of heavy-duty self-lubricating components of the parts and their constituent materials. To make it, the wood scraps are first put into an autoclave for room-temperature vacuum treatment to remove volatile components and moisture, then thickened motor oil or polymerized suspension containing polymers is pumped into the autoclave, and then the impregnated blanks are sent to a pressing chamber and heated and pressed to rearranging and combining the polymers. The active substance settles on the surface of the particles and combines with the lignin, thus forming a monolithic material and obtaining the desired properties. Wood-based combination materials are widely used in the production of electrical insulation industry. In addition, wood impregnated with preservatives, or excellent resistance to biochemical corrosive materials.
③Production of amino wood
Using the chemical activity of the chemical components contained in the wood, chemical modification of recycled wood packaging, can produce amino wood. At room temperature and low pressure, so that the wood and ammonia solution or heated gaseous ammonia interaction, and in the 100 to 300kg/cm2 pressure conditions for pressing, you can produce amino wood. This is an excellent new material, low production costs, biochemical corrosion resistance, strength is not only better than all wood, and higher than bronze, while the price is only 1/10 of bronze. in addition, amino wood also has excellent milling, sawing, planing, cutting and other processing properties, not only can be used to make parquet flooring and furniture, but also can be used for the production of musical instruments, sports equipment, bushings, axial wattage, gears and so on.
④Production of antique booklet banners
Recycled wooden packaging to remove nails, iron and other debris, and made of 40cm of small specification triple plywood, and then processed into a 1cm wide plywood edge strips, pasted on the cloth, and wood products with the same roll-up door products to ashwagandha, Quercus serrata, elm, and other darker colors of plywood strips processed with the banner and the ancient booklet banners similar to the ancient booklet.
⑤Making molded products and modified polyvinyl alcohol plastic wood
Recycled wood packaging to remove iron nails and other debris, and made of sawdust, and then dry sawdust mixed with a certain amount of urea-formaldehyde resin and a small amount of adjuvant ferric chloride, paraffin wax, etc., pre-pressure, hot pressing, filling in the pre-made blanks in one hot press molding, the finished product has a smooth surface, can be painted directly for production of clock cases, Furniture and some handicrafts, etc.
If the above sawdust and polyvinyl alcohol, coagulant, epoxy resin and curing agent mix, can be made of plastic wood products. Polyvinyl alcohol has good processing performance and wear-resistant, oil-resistant, pressure-resistant, toughness and other characteristics, but also has bakelite high-strength wear-resistant and other physical properties.
Two e-waste recycling and reuse market there is a huge potential for development Henan Channel, December 27 - At present, China's e-waste recycling and reuse of relevant laws have not yet been introduced in the high-tech level of recycling and reuse of the enterprise is almost a blank, the existing waste treatment only stays in the primitive state, so there is a huge potential for the development of this market.
It is reported that, in order to effectively solve the e-waste pollution of the environment
problems, the relevant departments of the state is currently studying the development of a new environmental protection system - extended producer responsibility system, the management of e-waste and production organically linked.
Was involved in the development of China's e-waste recycling and reuse of electronic waste in the development of the law of the preliminary research work of the former China Academy of Environmental Sciences, Director of the Institute of Fixed Waste Zhou Zhongfan, said China's household appliances retention has surged, and now more than 50 million sets of television retention, computer sales of more than 6 million units per year, retention of more than 16 million units, plus other household appliances and industrial electronic instruments, etc., China's possession of electronic products has reached 500 million units. If the service life of household appliances 8 years, computer life cycle of 2 years, it is expected that 2-3 years later, there will be tens of millions of units of household appliances, electronic products are discarded each year.
International recycling and reuse of electronic waste has become a development trend. The European Union will be July 1, 2006 onwards to ban the sale of electronic products containing hazardous substances such as lead, cadmium heavy metals, and the implementation of household appliances recycling approach. At the same time, it is stipulated that the commercial sector must recycle at least 90% of discarded refrigerators and washing machines, and 60% of such large electrical appliances will be used for re-production and utilization. In the case of personal computers, the recycling rate will be increased from 60% to 70% by weight, and the recycling rate will be increased from 50% to 60%. The U.S. states of California and Massachusetts have announced a ban on landfills of computer monitors. Japan's Panasonic Corporation, in response to the European Union's environmental protection measures, will also be scheduled for 2010 to implement the "green program" ahead of April 2005 to implement.
Zhou Zhongfan said at the "First International Forum on Sustainable Consumption and Production in China" that China was introducing a management plan for e-waste from enterprises. The matter aroused the interest of Guo Jia, a representative of Panasonic (China) Co., Ltd. and he inquired several times about the information and timetable for the introduction of this law. Mr. Guo introduced that Panasonic has very mature e-waste recycling technology in Japan, and once the relevant law is introduced in China, Panasonic will operate in strict accordance with this law. Since this year, Panasonic has been paying attention to the possible introduction of China's e-waste laws and regulations and the introduction of time. The company's sensitivity to this reflects that this policy has an extraordinary significance for the enterprise.
Zhou Zhongfan said, the core of the electronic waste management approach is to emphasize producer responsibility, to control the use of toxic substances from the source, in the treatment of waste producers must take responsibility, of course, consumers also have to bear part of the responsibility, but the specific assumption of how much the proportion of the situation should be determined.
Marcelo Furtado, a representative of Greenpeace International, said that companies should try to reduce the generation of toxic substances in e-waste, and producers have a greater responsibility to pay attention to this issue. We should all actively deal with e-waste in our countries. Developed countries have strict requirements on how to deal with e-waste, and the electronics industry is practicing producer responsibility.
According to the information provided by Greenpeace, the world produces up to 400 million tons of hazardous waste each year, and the cost of treating 1 ton of e-waste in the United States is 400 U.S. dollars, while shipping it to developing countries to deal with it costs only 40 U.S. dollars. For the recycling and reuse of electronic waste, Europe, Japan and other countries have very mature technology, electronic products contain extremely valuable heavy metals, such as gold, rhodium, palladium and copper, and reusable plastics. However, the recycling of electronic products has high technical requirements, and at present, most of the recycling and processing work in China is operated by individual enterprises in townships and villages, with great waste of resources and serious pollution, so both the technology and the practical application of recycling space are very large. According to experts, China should strive to solve the electronic products in the recovery and reuse of cathode-level ray tube technology, printed circuit boards and components of the metal recycling technology, cadmium, lead, mercury recycling and processing technology, plastics harmless regeneration and processing technology and other technologies, which can be learned from foreign countries with higher levels.