When the surrounding urban agglomerations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the rise of central China and other national strategies under the auspices of the rise of Shandong, once the national economic leader, but reduced to a strategic depression in the city competition, facing the danger of being forgotten.
Seven days in the hole, the world has been a thousand years. Shandong suddenly found, once regarded as "little brother" of the central region with the help of the city cluster strategy to catch up. 10 years ago, Henan's GDP accounted for only 58% of Shandong, Hubei 38%, Hunan 38%, Anhui 30%; 2020, Henan's GDP accounted for the proportion of Shandong rose to 75%, 59% of Hubei, Hunan 57%, Anhui 53%, an increase of 18%, respectively, of the GDP of Shandong, Hubei 59%, Hunan 57%, Anhui 53%. , Anhui 53%, respectively, an increase of 18%, 21%, 19%, 23%, the speed of smashing.
If you look at the focus, the urban agglomeration has also led to the rapid rise of cities in the central region. Hefei, Zhengzhou, Changsha jumped from obscurity to star cities, access to national central cities, regional development centers and other policy support, smart cities, new energy vehicles, fiber optic cables and other strategic emerging industries come and go. Jinan, Qingdao, once the glory and honor of the declining trend, the spirit of striving for excellence is clearly not enough.
In the next five to ten years, the city cluster strategy will be the largest development potential for China's economic growth. Shandong must be enterprising, bigger and stronger Jiaodong metropolitan area and Jinan provincial capital metropolitan area two wings, in the national economic map to create a new growth pole, Shandong Peninsula city cluster "one" may be able to stand firm in the regional competition.
At one time, the central collapse was the reality of the central region.
In the east coast, the western region to accelerate the development of the contrast, the central region into the national economic growth of the "basin", referred to as the "central collapse". In terms of the level of development, the central region is not comparable to the east; in terms of the speed of development, the central region is not comparable to the west. 2005, the proportion of the central region in the country's total economic output did not rise but fell from 21.9% at the end of 1990 to 18.8%.
The problem of lagging development of the central region has attracted national attention. 2004, the central government first mentioned the strategy of the rise of central China, and formulated policies and measures to support the rise of central China. 2009, the State Council adopted the "Plan for the Promotion of the Rise of the Central China Region". 2015, the State Council approved the "Development Plan for the City Cluster in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River", and 2016 approved the "Plan for the Promotion of the Rise of Central China Region". In 2016, the State Council approved the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", which explicitly proposed to support the construction of Wuhan and Zhengzhou as national central cities. 2019, the central government convened a symposium on promoting the rise of central China, proposing to actively undertake the layout and transfer of emerging industries. Policies are constantly cast to the center.
Twenty years, the dilemma of the fall of central China was completely changed.
1999 provincial GDP data, Henan 445.3 billion yuan, Hubei 318.3 billion yuan, Hunan 316.8 billion yuan, Anhui 267.3 billion yuan, Jiangxi 182.7 billion yuan, Shanxi 164.3 billion yuan; 2020 GDP of the six provinces in central China have reached a new level, Henan 5,499.7 billion yuan, Hubei 4,344.3 billion yuan, Hunan 4,178.1 billion yuan, Anhui 386.1 billion yuan, Jiangxi 256.1 billion yuan. 3868.1 billion yuan, Jiangxi 256.92 billion yuan, Shanxi 176.52 billion yuan. the GDP of all 6 provinces increased by at least 10 times.
Also according to the National Bureau of Statistics, since the implementation of the strategy of the rise of central China, the annual average growth rate of the GDP of the central region was 10.8% from 2006 to 2018, which was 1.9 percentage points higher than the national average growth rate. The manufacturing industry in the central region has enjoyed unprecedented development, with the proportion of total output value in the country increasing from 12.7% in 2006 to 25.0% in 2018.
Twenty years ago, the only city in the central region that could hold its own was Wuhan, which ranked 11th in the country. After all, Wuhan, known as the thoroughfare of nine provinces, has always been important because of its strategic location and convenient waterway transportation. In contrast, the development of the other five cities is much worse, GDP after Wuhan Zhengzhou City (64.1 billion) is not as good as Weifang City (64.7 billion), ranked even the top thirty can not enter.
Waiting less than 30 years east of the river and west of the river, the development speed of the central city has turned upside down. Central leading Wuhan GDP growth of 15 times, Changsha grew 20 times, Zhengzhou 18 times, Hefei surged 34 times, known as the "Central Four Tigers". Even Nanchang, Taiyuan, the growth rate is more than 10 times.
In the latest GDP rankings for 2020, Wuhan's GDP grew negatively by 4.7%, although it was affected by the epidemic that sealed off the city, and it still continues to maintain its status as one of the country's top 10, ranking 9th; Changsha and Zhengzhou have a strong momentum, ranking 15th and 16th; Hefei's GDP exceeded 1 trillion yuan, and it successfully made it into the top 20. Nanchang is 40th and Taiyuan is 56th.
At present, the central rise strategy to complete the year's proposed targets: the central region's development rate and living standards of residents to be higher than the national average, and reduce the development gap between central and eastern regions, and is overfulfilled .
If you carefully analyze the road to the center of the curve, focus on the development of urban agglomerations can not be ignored.
City clusters are the main carriers of population, industry and economy. Whether it is the country, or provinces to participate in the competition, the main force is the urban agglomeration. From an international perspective, the most developed cities are often world-class urban agglomerations, such as the world's four Bay Area, the U.S. Northeast Atlantic Coast urban agglomerations, the North American Great Lakes urban agglomerations, the Japanese Pacific Coast urban agglomerations, and so on. The typical feature is: a central city that can lead the development of the entire urban agglomeration.
China is also developing along this path, with the term "urban agglomeration" appearing for the first time in central government documents in 2006. The National New Urbanization Plan (2014-2020) focuses on the planning and construction of 19 city clusters, involving major cities across the country. Among them, the Shandong Peninsula city cluster follows the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, so you can imagine the weight of the weight.
A few years ago, we saw the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration was destroyed in the gap of the group. The central region, however, seized the opportunity to realize a reversal.
Why? All provinces, including the central region, are creating leading cities to lead economic development, gathering more resources to the core city and strengthening the status of the central city.
The first tier is to make every effort to strive for a national center city. In December 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "13th Five-Year Plan for Promoting the Rise of Central China", which explicitly proposed to support the construction of national center cities in Wuhan and Zhengzhou. Since then, the development of the two cities has been riding high, with record-high GDP figures and increasing urban influence. The city of Zhengzhou as the center of the Central Plains City Circle covers 30 cities in 5 provinces.
The second level is the development of regional center cities.
From participating in the "city cluster in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River" to integrating into the Yangtze River Delta, Hefei is actively building the Hefei metropolitan area, and will be included in the Nanjing metropolitan area of Ma'anshan and Wuhu. In Hunan Province, the province's efforts to build the ChangZhuTan integration, Changsha City, Zhuzhou City, Xiangtan City, constitutes a quite dynamic metropolitan area.
Although the GDP of Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province, is still around 600 billion, but it has formed around the "Nanchang trillion GDP city group", bigger Nanchang is ready to go.
Once the leading Shandong has taken a different path. Over the years, the province's economic volume of the cities of the gap is not large, around the GDP in the country can be ranked in the top 100, but there is no one can have an impact on the core of the city. 2020, Wuhan, Zhengzhou, Changsha, Hefei's capital of the first degree of 36%, 22%, 29%, 26%, Nanchang, Taiyuan's provincial capital of the first degree of more than 20%. In the same period, Jinan's capital city rankings rose, but only less than 14%, and continue to remain the country's bottom one.
In the end, Qingdao and Changsha, Zhengzhou, Jinan and Hefei GDP difference, once a big industrial city and now the star of the city stood in the same starting line.
A good equilibrium is an upward equilibrium driven by a high point breakout, not a low-level involutional equilibrium.
Everyone knows that this equilibrium is only transient, and whichever city has the opportunity to be first off the track. Once a city comes out on top, there is no previous possibility of catching up.
Knowing the shame and courage, Shandong to the time to put down the body to learn from the central provinces.
In fact, Shandong is not without opportunity. In the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the 2035 Vision Outline, Shandong Peninsula is the coastal Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang, the Central Plains, Guanzhong Plain, Beibu Gulf and other juxtaposition, will be further developed and strengthened urban agglomeration. At present, the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration has about 2 megacities, 9 large cities, 8 medium-sized cities, 75 small cities, and in 2020 the GDP exceeded 7.3 trillion yuan.
The key is what to do?
According to the state's latest release of "2021 new urbanization and urban-rural integration development key tasks" "metropolitan area to lead the urban agglomeration, urban agglomerations to drive the regional high-quality development", the metropolitan area will become an important path to the development of urban agglomerations.
In general, each city group has one or several core metropolitan areas. Small-scale, cross-regional, and relatively precise metropolitan area construction can strengthen the core role of the urban agglomeration.
This is a unique opportunity. The Shandong Peninsula city cluster has two metropolitan areas, Qingdao Jiaodong metropolitan area and Jinan provincial capital metropolitan area, and both Qingdao and Jinan have the potential to drive and activate the regional economic and social development.
The significance of the metropolitan area lies in the functional positioning, industrial economy, public **** services, infrastructure, etc. **** build **** enjoy. April 1 held the Jiaodong Economic Circle Integration and Development Advancement Conference, put forward to speed up the Qingdao-Japan High Speed Railway, Weifang to Yantai, Laixi to Rongcheng Railway to start building. Just issued Shandong "on accelerating the integration of the provincial capital economic circle development guidance" is also "accelerate infrastructure connectivity" as the first of the eight work.
But compared to the central region, Shandong is still in the primary stage. With Wuhan as the center of the circle, covering Huangshi, Ezhou, Huanggang, Xiaogan, Xianning, Xiantao, Qianjiang, Tianmen and other surrounding eight cities of the Wuhan City Circle, the degree of integration to achieve the planning of the same program, the same network of transportation, science and technology, the same Xing, the same chain of industries, livelihoods of the same protection.
When the center of the city gathered policy, transportation, education, health care and other resources, high-tech industrial resources also come, industrial development will attract more high-end talent, forming a cumulative cycle.
So many years, Shandong's city clusters have been slow to promote, the key lies in the dispersion of more than gathering. The Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration Development Plan (2016 to 2030) states that "the industry between cities is self-contained, competition is greater than cooperation, and there is a beggar-thy-neighbor phenomenon". A very real problem is that, for the neighboring cities, Jinan and Qingdao are to a greater extent competitors rather than collaborators.
Then look at Anhui, Hefei metropolitan area give full play to the role of industrial industry (chain) alliance, to promote the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain interaction and cooperation, complement each other, to create a number of national industrial clusters. Take the new display industry as an example, 2019 ten billion yuan polarizer project settled in Hefei Changfeng Industrial New City; in the Hefei due south of 30 kilometers Shu City Industrial New City, a total investment of 13.5 billion yuan of flexible display touch module project landed; 60 kilometers away from the Hefei Lu'an Jin'an Industrial New City, with a total investment of 2 billion yuan of flexible integrated circuit packaging substrate project started, the full realization of the industry's effective allocation between the region.
For Shandong, the integration of urban agglomerations requires the horizontal staggered development of industry, vertical division of labor pattern is still far from being formed. Jinan and Qingdao should learn to attract investment to strengthen themselves, but also have to allocate resources to drive the awareness of the surrounding area, in order to truly reflect the advantages of resource allocation within the urban agglomeration, the spatial layout is more efficient.
The future of urban development is no longer a competition between "isolated cities", but a competition between metropolitan areas and even urban agglomerations.
In this round of development, Shandong can be said to be up early to catch a late episode:
The surrounding area has been a group of heroes, Shandong's economic influence has greatly contracted, the radiation space is also gradually eaten.
Neighbors as teachers, to history as a lesson. Continue to engage in balanced, neither bring vertical industrial upgrading, also can not realize the horizontal dislocation of division of labor.
Since the selection of Qingdao, Jinan as the core of the two metropolitan areas, we must spare no effort to grasp the integration, after all, Shandong does not have the next 10 years can be wasted.