Traditional ward building problem analysis
Analysis of the current situation of the ward
Since the sick people need to be in the ward building for a long time, at the same time, more sick people in the ward, the sound is noisy, so that the patient suffering from a disease is more emotionally draining, and more than one patient living in the same ward lacks of privacy and there is a risk of cross-infection. Setting up a leisure bar and other activities will facilitate the exchange and communication between patients, visiting friends and relatives, medical staff, the number of beds in the existing wards is high, and there is the phenomenon of building additional beds, in order to increase the number of beds, often ignoring the setup of activities in the wards, the lack of human nature in the design of the space. Ward color should be friendly and comfortable, the use of low purity, high brightness of the soft warm tones, so that patients feel the strong atmosphere of home, to alleviate the fear of the patients, the existing wards tend to use a single tone, in such a cold environment, easy to make the patients depressed is not conducive to the recovery of the condition.
Activity space analysis of the current situation
Patients in the hospital, not only to get the careful treatment of medical staff and medical care, but also through their own exercise, to maintain an optimistic mood, to accelerate the regulation of the body, on the other hand, the lack of space for activities in the ward building, the patient can only stay in the ward, the patient in the same ward in the influence of each other prone to produce negative emotions. Therefore, it is necessary to set up so that people get material satisfaction and spiritual enjoyment of the activities of the area, the outdoor balcony, patient activity room can become the patient's activities, some foreign hospitals set up for patient recreation and entertainment of the tea room, chess and card room, coffee shop. On the contrary, most of the current domestic hospitals lack of recreational activities for patients and health care workers space.
Analysis of the current situation of the nurses' station
The location of the nurses' station and the nursing radius of the nurses' station in the nursing unit plays a pivotal role in the nurses' station, the nurses' station is mainly placed in the middle of the nursing unit or the end of the two forms of the nurses' station, set up in the middle of the nursing unit will shorten the radius of the nursing care of the health care personnel, improve the efficiency of health care, set up in the entrance to the nursing unit, convenient for the management of health care personnel, and at the same time, convenient for the outsiders It is also convenient for the management of medical staff and the consultation of outsiders, and the direction of the flow line is clear. Nurse station location is reasonable or not can be evaluated by an important indicator, that is, the nurse station to the farthest ward entrance distance, when located at the end of the nursing unit, nursing flow line growth, health care workers will be exponentially consumed, health care efficiency is reduced, in our country there is also a general situation of placing the nursing unit at the end of the situation.
Nurse station form nurse station has three layout forms, the first for the open layout, the advantages of this layout is that health care workers can directly monitor the surrounding wards in the patient, can be the first time to communicate with the patient, light and ventilation is good. The second is a closed layout, this layout is easy to manage and can provide an independent office space for medical and nursing staff, and the third is semi-closed between the two. New ward buildings are mostly open nurses' station, set 750mm and 1100mm different heights of the two countertops, to facilitate communication between medical staff and patients standing or sitting in a wheelchair, relatively high countertops on the inside area can provide a relatively quiet environment for medical staff, while the space between the two countertops can be stored documents.
Nurses station decoration nurses station decoration should be introduced to some light and lively elements, in the patient's fear, anxiety, this cheerful fashion and warm and friendly design, can delight the mood of health care workers, relaxation and calm the patient's nervousness. Avoid the patient during hospitalization to produce the psychology of depression and fear, improve the work enthusiasm of health care workers, and enhance the family's sense of identity. On the contrary, a considerable number of domestic nurses station due to the lack of humane decoration design is slightly monotonous and boring.
Research on the status quo of inpatient department traffic space
The elevator hall is a vertical vertical traffic space linking the various floors of the ward building, which has become one of the most highly utilized public **** spaces in hospital buildings. As the main vertical transportation hub in the ward building, elevator and staircase bear the important responsibility of evacuation of people and logistics transportation, which makes the flow of people and logistics concise, fast and efficient. The elevator hall should be arranged near the entrances and exits of the ward building, with easy recognition and fast accessibility, due to different carrying objects, usually including medical elevators, passenger elevators, freight elevators of three types, elevators of different carrying functions should be reasonably laid out, orderly division of labor, through the medical elevator and passenger elevator setup, to achieve the diversion of doctors and patients, the freight elevator will be clean, dirty goods diversion, so as to avoid cross-infection due to the confusion of the functional flow line. During the design process of ward building, influenced by the number of ward floors, spatial layout of elevator hall, type and number of elevator settings, etc., it is easy to cause confusion in medical flow, improper diversion of doctors and patients, clean and dirty items, static and dynamic, inside and outside, which ultimately triggers the possibility of cross-infection. At present, China's existing ward building elevator hall layout confusion, elevator type and number of insufficient, resulting in chaotic and crowded traffic flow, the design lacks humane.
Connotation of green ward building
Green ward building should be derived from nature, harmonious *** life, is a good medical environment created through the combination of human-centered humane design and modern green building technology. Compared with other types of buildings, the design of green ward building pays more attention to the needs of the main body of the service, to facilitate access to medical care, to meet the physiological and psychological needs of patients, health care workers ward building modeling novel and stylish, to avoid the dull and confined, to create a cozy building interior space. In order to achieve the above purpose, green building technology and humanized design should be used to make both doctors and patients get safe, efficient, soft and warm care experience.
Design principles of green ward building
The architectural design of green ward building should follow the principles of people-oriented, resource-saving, site-specific and sustainable development. Green ward building should be under the premise of ensuring building comfort and medical processes, consider the whole life cycle of the building, maximize the conservation of resources, protect the environment, reduce pollution, and nature in harmony *** life of the hospital building.
Green design strategy for the comprehensive ward building of Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College
Project overview
The site selected for the project is located in Muping New District, Yantai City, Shandong Province, Muping District is located in the northeastern part of the Shandong Peninsula, connected to Weihai City in the east, Yantai City in the west, Lushan City in the south, and on the northern edge of the Yellow Sea. The base is adjacent to the city's secondary artery Jimbu Street in the south and Cuishan Street in the north, with the planning road on the east side of the site and the city's main artery Mushan Road on the west side; the red dot is the location of the current Muping District People's Hospital, the green dot is the Muping District Service Center, and the blue dot is the location of the new hospital area (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). Ward building: 1 floor underground, 23 floors above ground, height above ground of ward building 93.90m, floor area above ground of ward building 112,361m2, floor area below ground 4,565m2, basement level: logistic warehouse, case room, morgue, valedictory hall, transformer and distribution room, water pump room; the first floor includes entry/exit, vein configuration center, ward inspection, fire control center, clinical domination center; The second floor includes ICU, pathology department, blood transfusion department; the third floor includes operation room and intervention therapy; the fourth floor includes purification machine room and central supply room; the fifth floor includes neonatal care (NICU) and hemodialysis center; the sixth floor includes obstetrics department and maternity ward; and the seventh to twenty-third floors include ward care units of various departments and corresponding auxiliary rooms. Northward angle of 90 °, the building window wall ratio eastward: 0.31, westward: 0.31, southward: 0.45, northward: 0.46, the architectural style for the modern style reflecting the medical building dignified, elegant, generous features. Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College in line with the "people-oriented medical care, respect for life" service purpose, "guarding life, guarding health, guarding love" as its responsibility. It is a model of "patient-centered international hospital". After the completion of the hospital will become a medical, health care, teaching and research as one of the comprehensive three A-class hospital. Undertake the region and the surrounding areas of the people's medical care, health care and emergency treatment, 120 emergency and teaching internship tasks.
Climate-adapted building site selection
Good building planning and layout as a prerequisite for green building design, giving full consideration to the local climate of Yantai and the local cultural characteristics of Muping, to create appropriate energy-saving strategies, and to strive for good natural lighting, ventilation and so on. In the planning of site selection, the ward building is placed at the north end of the existing hospital area, the north side of which is reserved for wards, the south side is adjacent to the medical department and has a certain distance, so as to achieve both independent and convenient contact, and there is a certain distance from the west side of the city's main roads and isolation through the greening. The northeastern side is a park-like landscape and green environment, which provides a quiet and comfortable leisure environment for patients and medical staff. The northern part of the medical zone has the highest ward building, which not only has a strong landmark, but also has an excellent visual effect when viewed from the periphery of the base, and the rooms on the north side can also enjoy the sea view in the distance from the high ground. Focusing on dynamic and vital environmental design, it illustrates the application of humanized design in hospital architecture.
Architectural form and space ecological design
The ward building is tall and straight, and through the delicate treatment of window openings on the outer wall, it has a distinctive personality, and its style strives for simplicity and clarity. The ward building shape is chosen to be compact and introverted, the body shape coefficient is small rectangle, the ward building through the same mother theme of the processing techniques, in order to express the sense of rhythm of the building, in the ward building roof installation of solar panels, not only beautify the building fifth elevation, at the same time the use of solar power generation, energy saving. Elevation modeling through the organic cutting of the main building shape, making the building more upright, full of tension, dark gray stone, echoing the existing hospital area, local glass curtain wall makes the building simple and pure, white aluminum panels make the building quality high but not luxury, the whole elevation is dominated by intertwined white and blue, which highlights the characteristics of the coastal medical building.
Humanized design of nursing unit
In the spatial layout of the nursing unit, the wards are arranged in the north and south sides where natural lighting and natural ventilation are better, and green, fresh air and beautiful sea view are introduced into the wards to create an indoor environment conducive to the recovery of the patients, and the east-west through the center is arranged with auxiliary spaces such as medical and nursing elevator halls, nurses' working area, caregiver's dirty washing area and dirty elevator hall. The nurses' station and auxiliary rooms are centrally arranged to shorten the nursing flow and improve medical efficiency, which illustrates the application of humanized design in hospital buildings. Based on the modular design, the nursing unit analyzes the positional relationship of the basic space, classifies according to the structure of different departments, and finally combines and evolves the functional modules according to the appropriate combination, which maximally meets the needs of the medical process, embodies the diversity of the nursing unit, and avoids uniformity. The sixth to twenty-third floors are standard ward floors, with two nursing units of the same department set up on each floor, and different departments set up on different floors, with 40 beds as the size of each nursing unit. In order to separate the internal corridors for medical staff from the public*** corridors for patients and to avoid cross-interference between doctors and patients and confusion in the medical process, the nursing unit adopts a double-corridor design and sends the medical staff and patients to the medical office and ward areas through the independent vertically-running elevator halls for patients and elevators for medical and nursing staff. Nurses' station is arranged in the center to reduce the nursing route, and according to the medical process, the doctor's work area, caregiver's washing area, nurse's work area and ward area are clearly divided, and a southward patient's lounge is set up between the two nursing units in combination with the elevator hall.
Humanized design of wardsIn addition to providing space for patients to recover and treat, the wards also need to have a quiet and warm environment to enhance the sense of family identity. According to the needs of different patients, this project has three types of wards. Ordinary Single Room Ward. The nursing unit has set up a single-room ward with a strong family atmosphere. The single-room ward enables patients to stay in the ward as masters and enjoy complete freedom of personal space. At the same time, patients are provided with space for reading newspapers and listening to music. Indoor use of wooden furniture that can convey a feeling of kindness and comfort, close to nature, to avoid patients to unfamiliar wards to produce a feeling of nervousness and fear, so that patients feel friendly and comfortable, interpretation of the humanized design in the application of hospital buildings. Double wards are characterized by economic efficiency, and a large number of double wards are set up in this project to improve the efficiency of medical care. The bathroom is arranged on the inner wall of the corridor, and the outer wall of the ward can be opened to a large area, so that the ward gets enough light, and the beds are arranged parallel to the wall of the light window. Lockers are set up at the entrance of the room to facilitate the storage and storage of daily necessities, and breathing buttons and light switches are set up near the beds. Due to the cold winter climate in the region where the project is located, balconies are not designed in the ward. The meeting space in the ward provides a place for patients to talk with their family members and friends, and at the same time, the meeting space is provided with tables and chairs and other facilities, which can become a space for patients to read and rest.
Humanized design of the nurses' stationThe nurses' station is a semi-open form, which does not affect the communication between patients and nurses, but also provides a certain amount of private space for the nurses, so as not to let the nurses' status be seen, and to maintain a certain amount of independent space. This project designs the nurses' station bar in the form of a double-layer countertop (Fig. 10), with a double-layer countertop of 760mm and 1,100mm in height, with the upper layer of the narrow countertop and the lower layer of the wider countertop, and the lower layer of the wider countertop. The upper countertop is narrower and the lower countertop is wider, which can be used as the nurses' office desktop, and at the same time, the nurses on duty at night can also rest a little. Documents of medical staff and patient files can be stored in the 340-high space between the double-deck countertops. In terms of material, the countertop of the nurses' station should choose wear-resistant and easy-to-clean marble countertops, the nurses' station worktops are decorated with plant bouquets, and the nurses' station is located in the central core of the spatial organization, which shortens the nursing routes and patient inquiry routes, and improves the efficiency of nursing care.
Humanized design of vertical transportation systemThe south side of the comprehensive ward building is connected with the outpatient medical building through the corridor, and the logistic entrances and staff entrances and exits are set on the east and west sides of the ward building, and the entrances for outsiders and visitors are set on the north side, so that all kinds of human flows do not interfere with each other. At the same time, all entrances and exits are designed to be barrier-free for people with disabilities. The connecting corridor and medical street between the comprehensive ward building and the outpatient medical and technical building can make the internal organization of the building complex pedestrian flow line and realize the separation of people and vehicles. Inside the building*** there are 18 medical elevators, passenger elevators and special elevators for dirt***, each of which performs its own function, completing the conversion between floors and perfecting the three-dimensional transportation system. The medical elevator hall consists of 4 sets of special ladders for medical personnel's operation, which provides medical personnel with a quick access to the independent channel and carries the transportation of clean goods at the same time. The patient elevator hall has 12 sets of passenger elevators, which are dedicated for patients, family members' visiting and meal delivery, and the visiting personnel and medical personnel enter the office area and the ward area through the independent vertical traffic respectively. The dirt elevator hall has two sets of dirt elevators, running independently between the operation floor and ICU, CCU, in order to transport the dirt and garbage generated after the operation in time and provide a fast cleaning channel for the patients after the operation, the dirt is gathered to the ground floor through the special dirt elevator and transported out by the special channel, so that the ward area is separated from the cleanliness and dirtiness. 6 smoke-proof staircases are combined with the elevators, which is convenient for evacuation in case of a fire. Under the clear and orderly operation of many different types of elevators, the complicated functions and diverse flow lines of the ward building have effectively accomplished the separation of doctors and patients, cleanliness and dirt, and internal and external flow.)
Public **** space in the ward building humanized settings ward building every day not only to carry a large number of medical staff, patients, and a large number of visitors every day, sometimes visitors can be up to 3 times the number of patients, so the ward building should be designed to the entrance hall, the waiting area of the various levels of space as much as possible into a large space, and then design some high-quality environment for the visitors and the patient has a spacious space for activities and a good visual Environment. In this project, the detailed treatment of children's waiting area in the ward building takes into account the psychological feelings of children patients, combined with the architectural decoration using rich and child-friendly colors, the children's waiting area is designed like a colorful fairy tale kingdom, the ceiling is decorated with colorful lights and colorful patterns with the stars and the moon, attracting the attention of children. The waiting area is equipped with slides and other recreational facilities, which makes the sick children feel as if they are entering a small playground and eliminates their fear of going to the doctor. The waiting area lighting is controlled by day and night to reduce energy consumption. (In order to protect children's eyesight, LED lamps are used plus a soft cover to make the light even and soft). Setting up the sun room in the ward building is not only to increase the indoor heat and make it a place of leisure and entertainment, but also to improve the brightness of the ward building through natural lighting by setting up the sun room reasonably. The project has set up a patient activity room on the south side of the elevator hall in the middle of each floor of the ward building, which is commonly known as the "Warming Corridor", combining with the transportation corridor to improve the corridor illumination, and the spacious hall has become a place for patients and medical doctors to enjoy. The spacious hall becomes a place for patients and medical staff to communicate and rest.
Energy Saving Judgment
The project adopts technical measures such as green roof, permeable ground, LED lighting, Low-E insulating glass, natural ventilation and lighting, solar photovoltaic panels (Fig. 13), rainwater collection, and light-conducting lighting, etc., and the program design, application of technology, and choice of materials are all highly evaluated. Against the national "Green Building Design Standard", the design project has reached the two-star standard after expert review and appraisal.
This paper takes the comprehensive ward building of Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College as a practical application, the program combines the local climatic conditions and geographic environment, makes full and reasonable use of natural resources, adapts to the local conditions, from the planning of site selection, the use of ecological energy-saving technology and the humanized design for different users, and always takes into account the design ideas of human-centeredness and the use of renewable energy sources, and the ultimate goal is to minimize the building energy consumption and create a new environment. The ultimate goal is to minimize building energy consumption and create a comfortable medical environment.
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