Aaron? CiechanoverAaron Ciechanover2004 Nobel Prize in ChemistryWhy he won: discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.
"Everyone should leave their mark on the world." Aaron C. Chekhanovo. Aaron Ciechanover believes this was the most important thing his father ever told him. His father, who died young, did not see his son win the Nobel Prize, and he said it only because he wanted his son to live his life to the fullest. Another of his father's teachings also stuck with him: "Do something good and make the world behind you a better place, even if it's just a little bit better.
Being kind to others is the best way to live in the world, because the world is so small, and you can't see your head when you look up." Aaron? Chechanovo and mentor Abraham? Hershko are the first Israelis to win the Nobel Prize in science, and Alon Chechanovo is the first Israeli to win the Nobel Prize. Chechanovo is also the first "Sabra" (cactus) to win the Nobel Prize in science. Previously, Israelis had only won the Nobel Prize in Literature, and Rabin and Peres had won the Nobel Peace Prize.
Aaron Chechanovo was born in Palestine in 1947. Chehanowo was born in Haifa, a major Palestinian port city, to Isaac, a lawyer, Bruma, an English teacher, and an older brother, Yosef, who was 14 years older.In the 1920s, Alon? Chehanowo's parents emigrated from Poland to Palestine under the British Mandate, and the families who remained in Poland were massacred. His father, Isaac, was a staunch Zionist who was a member of the Haganah militia during the pre-state Yishuv period.
He was fluent in Hebrew, Polish, Arabic, French, English, German and Yiddish, and was a keen student of the Mishnah and Talmud, as well as modern Jewish law. Although the family was not wealthy, it had a library of books. In addition, both parents enjoyed classical music. Although the mother and the father were born in Aron Chechanovo at the ages of 10 and 15, respectively, the family had a large collection of books. Chechanovo at the ages of 10 and 15, they had a profound impact on both children's lives. On top of their general education in school, they were raised in the Jewish tradition.
Brother Yosef went on to become a high-ranking official in Israel's security services and foreign ministry. Alon? Chechanovo shared his father's obsession with studying Jewish law and, along with several fellow scientists and physicians, regularly attended lectures by rabbinical scholars to learn how Jewish law views moral and ethical issues related to modern medicine and science. He is an enthusiast of classical Jewish music and regularly "scours" flea markets and auctions.
Israelis are known for their love of mischief, sometimes too much. As a child, Aaron Chechanovo was obsessed with flora and fauna. Chechanovo showed a keen interest in flora and fauna. He often ran to the Carmel Forest near his home to observe the flora and fauna. Once, he stuck a picked flower in the pages of his brother's Talmud. His brother was very angry when he found out, but Aaron was very pleased and thought the book was the perfect place to dry the flowers. Later, he became obsessed with small animals such as turtles, lizards and frogs, and used alcohol to extract chlorophyll from leaves.
When he was 11, his older brother gave him a microscope, which he used to observe cellular changes in thin slices of onion after they were soaked in salt water. After his parents passed away, Aron was raised by his aunt, who also lived in Haifa, and went to his brother and sister-in-law's house in Tel Aviv for the holidays. In high school, he was fortunate to meet several excellent teachers, and his childhood curiosity about nature's ignorance sublimated into a love of science.
At the age of 18, Alon? Chechanovo joined the IDF's Academic Reserve Program. Although he was interested in almost any science program, he ultimately decided to choose basic medicine as his college major. On the one hand, medicine is the ultimate career goal in the Jewish tradition, and having a child who studies medicine is the dream of every Jewish family.
On the other hand, he saw medicine as an integrative discipline based on physics, chemistry, biology and physiology on top of other disciplines. Out of a sense of duty to his brother, his older brother Joseph tried to convince Aron to pursue a "practical" academic path? To study medicine and become a clinician. He reasoned that it was difficult to excel in basic medicine because "everything has already been studied". Aaron laughed it off, unmoved.
In 1965, Aron? Chechanovo attended the Hadassah Medical School at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, earning a master's degree in biology in 1971 and an M.D. in the clinical category in 1973. For the next three years, he served as a military doctor, first on a missile ship and then in the medical research department.
In 1975, he married Dr. Manuha, an internist at Tel Aviv Municipal Hospital, and the two went on to have a son.After retiring from the military in 1976, Alon? Chechanovo studied biology at the Abraham K. Hershko Research Group at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa. After receiving his doctorate in 1982, he went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for postdoctoral research. Thereafter, he returned to the School of Medicine at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, where he teaches and conducts research to this day.
The human body replaces about 10 percent of its components every day, most of which are protein molecules. If the construction of a protein is compared to a train, its constituent amino acid molecules are the carriages. The properties of amino acids and their arrangement in the chain of protein molecules are quite complex, and they determine the properties and functions of proteins. The protein chain is twisted into a unique three-dimensional spatial structure, and any change in the structure may impair the function of the protein.
Proteins are delicate and highly sensitive, and any change in environmental conditions, such as temperature and radiation levels, can alter the structure of proteins and lead to the failure of their biological activity. However, this is not scary because the body's cells are constantly generating new proteins to replace those that have been degraded. The range of activity of new proteins within the cell may be limited by the remaining "defective" proteins. Obviously, living cells must degrade defective proteins in a timely manner, or they will be burst by the accumulation of more and more defective proteins.
Cells must also "recycle" intact proteins that are no longer needed. For example, when cells divide, proteins that normally inhibit cell division are degraded. In addition, proteins called "transcription factors" are degraded when an organism overcomes a "foreign invader" (a virus or a bacterium). Previous studies have shown that the degradation of proteins is sometimes energy-consuming and sometimes not. What is the pattern? This has long been a mystery to scientists.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Aron? Chehanovo, Avram? Hershko, and Irving Ross conducted a series of studies that eventually revealed the existence of the "Hershko". Ross conducted a series of studies that eventually unraveled the mystery. It turns out that there are two types of protein degradation processes in organisms: extracellular protein degradation does not consume energy, such as in the digestive tract degradation of protein degradation enzymes only need to participate in can, such as the natural collapse of the building; intracellular protein degradation is a kind of high-efficiency, pointing to a very strong degradation process, must be initiated to defective proteins recognition mechanism, and therefore consume energy, such as timed, directional demolition of the building needs explosives demolition.
Deciphering how ubiquitin binds to proteins to be degraded is at the heart of the discovery. Ubiquitin is itself a protein that recognizes whether a defective (or useless) protein to be degraded is one that needs to survive. After binding to other proteins that carry out a particular function, ubiquitin "labels" the defective (or useless) protein for degradation, and then transports its various components back to the cytoplasm to be "reassembled" into new proteins after the degradation is complete.
The mechanism of protein degradation is the most basic guarantee of life activities, and the deciphering of this mechanism made three scientists win the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This discovery is very significant, insight into the process of human cells on the control of proteins, for scientists in the DNA repair and control, human disease treatment and so on opens the door. The ubiquitin system is also involved in the process of cell division and cell proliferation, a process that is critical to the sound activity of human tissues and a key point in the development of cancer tumors.
After years of research, Alon? Chehanovo and his team of researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have discovered two proteins that inhibit tumor formation. It's an exciting discovery, but it's worth noting that the process of moving from a scientific discovery in the lab to a clinically available drug usually takes years or longer.
Aaron? The year after Chechanovo's birth, Israel was founded as a state with only 600,000 Jews in the country. Today the land of Israel is home to more than 6 million Jews, 1.5 million Israeli Arabs and various other minorities. To this day, Haifa's population remains predominantly Arab and Jewish. Many believe that Haifa, where multiple races live in harmony***, is the template for a future permanent peace between Israelis and Arabs in the Middle East. Being born, raised, and living in Haifa has undoubtedly played a role in creating Aron? Chechanovo's big heart had a positive impact.
For the sake of the scientific development of the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, the State of Israel, and all of mankind, Aron Chechanovo spent many years in the field of science, both at home and abroad. Chechanovo spent many years traveling at home and abroad, attending conferences and giving lectures, and in the 20th century, his parents were forced to emigrate from their ordeal in Poland. Although his father swore in his childhood that his children and grandchildren would never set foot on Polish soil again, Aron Chekhanovo still visits Poland from time to time. Ciechanowo still visits Poland from time to time. He says he had to break his father's vow for the sake of science. His contacts with scientists include those from countries at war with Israel and those hostile to it.
Aaron? Chehanovo is very concerned about the development of science and the training of young students in China.In October 2008, he was appointed professor emeritus of Nanjing University and director of the Institute of Chemical and Biomedical Sciences at Nanjing University; in December 2013, he was elected a foreign academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; and in October 2017, he was appointed professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen).In September 2014, Shantou University and the Israel Polytechnic signed a memorandum of cooperation in Tel Aviv, Israel, *** with the creation of the Guangdong Israel Institute of Technology.
In July 2015, Alon? Chehanovo became the executive vice president of Guangdong Israel Institute of Technology.In August 2018, in a speech in Beijing, Alon? Chehanovo talked about how human life expectancy has only increased by 10 to 20 years in 4,000 years, but by 30 years in the last hundred years, pointing out that scientific and technological development is the mystery. He also talked about the moral and ethical challenges of gene editing for humans and the future direction of personalized medicine. At the 2018 Entrance Ceremony of Guangdong Israel Institute of Technology (GIIT), he combined his own experience and urged the new students to challenge the authority (professors), to find interest, and to treat their professional studies as a hobby rather than a means of earning a living.