1, sanitary landfill method
Sanitary landfill method is to bury garbage underground and decompose it into harmless substances through long-term decomposition of microorganisms. If there is no anti-seepage measures in the medical waste landfill system, all kinds of toxic substances, pathogens and radioactive substances will penetrate into the soil with rainwater, and harmful substances will enter the human body through the food chain, which will endanger human health. Therefore, the sanitary landfill site needs to be located scientifically, the impervious layer should be paved with clay, high-density polyethylene and other materials, and landfill gas collection and export pipelines must be set up. Therefore, the landfill treatment method must be very cautious, and medical waste must be pretreated in strict accordance with relevant regulations.
2, high temperature incineration method
Incineration is a chemical process of deep oxidation. Under the action of high-temperature flame, medical waste in incineration equipment is transformed into residue and gas through three stages of drying, ignition and incineration, and infectious sources and harmful substances in medical waste can be effectively destroyed during incineration. Incineration technology is suitable for all kinds of infectious medical wastes. During incineration, high and stable furnace temperature, good oxygen mixing conditions, sufficient gas residence time and other conditions are required, and at the same time, the finally discharged flue gas and residue need to be treated harmlessly.
3, high pressure steam sterilization method
The principle of pressure steam sterilization treatment is that medical waste runs at high temperature and high pressure for more than 20 minutes, and the pressure vapor permeation reaches the inside of the object, so that the microbial protein is solidified, denatured and killed; It should be noted that when this treatment method is used, the medical waste must be crushed, which can be carried out before cooking or after cooking, but the particle size after crushing does not exceed 50mm specified in the Technical Specification for High Temperature Steam Centralized Treatment of Medical Waste published by the State Environmental Protection Bureau. This method is not suitable for treating pathological wastes, such as human tissues and animal carcasses, and the treatment efficiency of drugs and chemical wastes is not high.
4. Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis is a process of extracting fuel oil, grease and gas by using the instability of organic matter in garbage and heating distillation under oxygen-free or anoxic conditions, so that organic matter is thermally cracked and condensed to form various gases, liquids and solids.
Legal basis: People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste.
Article 90 Medical wastes shall be managed according to the national hazardous waste list. The local people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the capacity building of centralized disposal of medical wastes.
The competent departments of health and ecological environment of the people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the supervision and management of the collection, storage, transportation and disposal of medical wastes within their respective functions and duties, so as to prevent endangering public health and polluting the environment.
Medical and health institutions shall classify and collect the medical wastes generated by their own units according to law, and hand them over to the centralized medical waste disposal unit for disposal. Centralized medical waste disposal units shall timely collect, transport and dispose of medical waste.
Medical and health institutions and centralized medical waste disposal units shall take effective measures to prevent the loss, leakage, leakage and diffusion of medical waste.