1. Synchronized selection method
Synchronized selection method is to comply with the trend of scientific and technological development, grasp the hot spots in the field of the discipline under study and cutting-edge issues, the current trend of development of the discipline as a starting point, to find and determine the direction of the research topic. Tracking hotspots and cutting-edge issues in the development of subject areas is an effective way to obtain the source of the subject. The emergence of disciplinary hotspots often has a certain theoretical background and practical needs, and its academic and social value is outstanding. When adopting the synchronous topic selection method to select topics, it requires a high degree of information sensitivity and information collection, which can pay attention to and anticipate the academic hotspots that are about to be formed at an early stage. Strive to participate in the research of hot issues earlier is the key to realize the synchronous selection of topics, if other researchers have embarked on the study of the subject and have published a large number of academic results, the boiling point of the research will be over, then follow the trend to carry out the study of the subject, the value of its research will be greatly reduced, and even ultimately fall into the academic garbage.
2. Stage analysis method
Stage analysis method is based on literature statistics, to determine the stage of development of a discipline, and then based on the maturity of the discipline to select the topic. If the simultaneous selection method is mainly used to determine the main direction of scientific research in a country or research department, the stage analysis method is more applicable to the selection of specific research topics. Experience shows that the development of a discipline is generally "S" type, that is, after a period of gestation, enter the exponential growth stage, and then decline in negative numbers. This process generally undergoes four stages, namely, the birth of the discipline, the development of the discipline, the maturity of the discipline and the relative saturation of the discipline. Different stages of development, the depth of people's understanding of the object under study is different, the main content to be studied and its corresponding research methods are not the same. Therefore, the selection of the topic should first understand the history of the development of the academic field, clear that the research field is now in the stage of development, and then according to the different characteristics of each stage, to choose and determine the research topic. The birth stage of the discipline, the main idea of selecting topics is to grasp the seedling, that is, to grasp the new discoveries, new phenomena and new theories; the stage of development of the discipline, the selection of topics is characterized by experimental research, the selection of topics should be focused on the selection of experimental topics, and at the same time for the experimental design, processing of a variety of new instruments and equipment, the establishment of test methods and experimental methods; the stage of maturity of the discipline, the selection of topics focusing on the further enrichment of the theory and the necessary experiments or experimental verification of the theory. Theory of the necessary experimental or empirical research; relatively saturated stage of the discipline, in order to explore the development of the law for the purpose of research results is less and less, the selection of the topic should pay more attention to the application of research and development research.
3. Cross-selection method
Currently, all disciplines are developing in the direction of high precision, the difference between disciplines is getting bigger and bigger, and the gap between disciplines is also becoming more and more obvious, however, it is precisely in the differences and gaps in the pile of many marginal problems can be selected. Many major issues in human society are facing problems that are difficult to be explained and solved by a single discipline, and require multidisciplinary crossover and the use of multidisciplinary theories and methods in order to cope with them. Therefore, contemporary scientific research has quietly entered a new era of interdisciplinary cross and collaborative innovation, advocating multidisciplinary cross and collaborative innovation, looking for research direction in the fringe of multidisciplinary junction, is an important method of selecting topics for academic papers. Multidisciplinary cross-selected topics, can bring the research ideas and methods of one discipline to another disciplinary field, to inject new vitality into the research, collision of new sparks of thought.
4. Opportunity clues method
The history of scientific development tells us that many major scientific research results often appear in the researcher's long-term meditation, exhaustive study of a problem, a sudden flash of light, in the accidental discovery of unexpected phenomena and problems, scientific research is often in the inevitable existence of many contingencies. Therefore, when the research subject encountered obstruction, stop, may wish to go back and scrutinize the problems encountered and details, perhaps in the details of the problem will find a broader and more valuable research direction. When inspiration strikes, the researcher should lose no time to seize this flash of inspiration, the inspiration to capture the record in a timely manner, to think about the organization, so that it is more full, to carry out in-depth study, it is very likely to form a more valuable research project. As the saying goes, "Opportunity is usually given to those who are prepared", in the research process of "prepared", not only is the opportunity and inspiration before the emergence of hard exploration, but also the inspiration of the foundation and premise of the breeding, and should also include in the flash of inspiration in a timely manner to seize it, effectively utilize it, and develop and enrich it, and should also include in the inspiration to seize it, effectively utilize it, and develop and enrich it. Effective use of it, development and enrichment of it.