Population density: 37 people/km2
Yichuan County is located in the north of Shaanxi Province, southeast of Yan'an City. Longitude 109°41′36_-110°32′44_, latitude 35°42′39_-36°23′39_. East of the Yellow River and Shanxi Jixian, south of Huanglong, Hancheng neighbors, west of Fu County, Luochuan border, north of Yanchang, Baota District. East and West is 76.36 kilometers long, North and South is 75.32 kilometers wide, with a total area of 2945 square kilometers. The total population of 110,000 people (2004)
The People's Government of the county is located in Danzhou Township, Zip Code: 716200. Administrative Code: 610630. Area Code: 0911. Pinyin: Yichuan Xian. Yichuan County has 5 townships and 7 townships under its jurisdiction: Danzhou Township, Qiu Lin Township, Yun Yan Township, Gelou Township, Jieyi Township, Yingwang Township, Jiali Township, Niu Jiaxiao Township, Xincihe Township, Gaobai Township, Jukou Township, Shoufeng Township.
County jurisdiction 5 townships and 7 townships, 1 urban street offices, 214 village committees, 5 neighborhood committees, 638 villagers group, the end of 2002, the county *** have 30,483 households, with a total population of 112,120 people, of which: non-agricultural population of 17,835 people. *** There is a labor force of 40,507 people, the population density of 38 people / square kilometer.
History
Yichuan has a long history, the ancient system of the domain of Yongzhou, the Western Wei Daitong three years, began to set up the Yichuan County, so far there are nearly 1500 years of history. In the beginning of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Song Dynasty, in order to avoid the taboo of the name of Taizong Kuangyi, Yichuan was changed to Yichuan. Yichuan belonged to Yan'an Prefecture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yulin Road in Shaanxi Province at the beginning of the Republic of China (R.O.C.), directly under Shaanxi Province after the abolition of the Road, the Third Administrative Inspectorate District of Shaanxi Province in the 24th year of the Republic of China (R.O.C.), Huanglong Sub-district after the liberation of Yichuan in March 1948, Yan'an Sub-district, Yan'an Prefecture, Yan'an District, and Yan'an Municipal Government in the 1950's. The major historical events include the Battle of Yichuan and the Qiulin Conference, and important historical figures include Luo Rucai, Fu Donghua, Zhao Zhenghua, Fan Shichang and Deng Jingting.
Anciently, the area of Yongzhou, Western Wei Daitong three years, began to set Yichuan County. Song Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, in order to avoid the name of Taizong Kuangyi taboo, Yichuan changed to Yichuan. Ming and qing dynasty belong to yan'an province, the early republic of shaanxi yulin road, abolition of the road directly under the shaanxi province, the republic of twenty-four years under the shaanxi province, the third administrative inspector area. 1948 March yichuan liberation belongs to the huanglong sub-district, since 1950 belongs to yan'an prefecture, yan'an area, yan'an city to the present.
In 2000, Yichuan County governed 3 towns and 11 townships: Danshou Township, Yunyan Township, Jiyi Township, Niujiaxian Township, Yingwang Township, Jiaoli Township, Xinshihe Township, Qiulin Township, Dangwan Township, Shoufeng Township, Luchuan Township, Gaobai Township, Hukou Township, and Gelou Township.
In 2000, Yichuan County governed 5 towns and 9 townships. According to the fifth census data: the county's total population of 111,685 people, of which the townships population (people): Danzhou Township 22740 Qiulin Township 7956 Yunyan Township 12801 Pavilion Township 6492 Jiyi Township 7983 Dangwan Township 11272 Yingwang Township 5671 JiaoLi Township 6347 NiuJiaZhan Township 8970 XinShiXian He Township 6353 GaoBai Township 4851 Hukou Township 4673 Luchuan Township 1135 Shoufeng Township 4441
Natural Characteristics
Yichuan is located in the northern Wei plateau, along the Yellow River, belonging to the Loess Plateau hills and gullies area, the territory of the ravines and gullies, Chuanyuanyuan interspersed, is divided into three geomorphological zones: the Yellow River along the stony hills covered with thin layers of loess; north of the county river loess broken loess plateau area; the southwestern part of the hilly soil and stone mountainous areas. The terrain slopes gently from west to east, forming a skip-shaped topography with high southwest and low east. The mountains in the territory belong to the Hengshan Mountain System, from north to south there are Yunyan Mountain, Wild Bird Mountain, Tiger Mountain, Qilang Mountain, Fengying Mountain, Python Mountain, Ruling Mountain, Pangu Mountain and Balang Mountain and other nine mountains, the highest elevation of the county is 1,710 meters above sea level, and the lowest elevation is 388 meters above sea level. It belongs to the semi-arid zone of warm-temperate zone, with obvious continental monsoon climate characteristics. The four seasons are distinct, regional microclimate is obvious, the southwest forest area is cool and humid, and the eastern Yellow River coast is hot and dry. The average annual temperature is 9.9℃, the extreme temperature is 39.9℃ and -22.4℃, the frost-free period is 167 days, the average annual precipitation is 571mm, and the annual sunshine is 2436 hours.
Water and soil resources
The county is 76.36 kilometers long from east to west and 75.32 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total land area of 2,938.5 square kilometers, of which 26.5 square kilometers is water, 16,291 hectares of agricultural land, 237,263 hectares of forest land and 66,728 hectares of grassland. The forest coverage rate of 50%, mainly poplar, birch, oak, timber reserves of 2.85 million cubic meters, economic forests are apples, jujubes, walnuts, persimmons, peppers and so on. The rivers in the territory belong to the Yellow River system, and there are six major rivers from north to south, including Fenchuan River, Shiwang River, Lu'er River, Baishuichuan River, Ruyichuan River, Monkey River, etc. The total area of the watershed is 5115.5 square meters. The total area of the basin is 5115.5 square kilometers, and the difference between the middle and lower reaches of the river is large, with a total annual runoff of 17,263 cubic meters, and a hydraulic reserve of 29,560 kilowatts, which can be developed into 5,023 kilowatts, making it suitable for the construction of hydroelectric power stations.
Mineral resources
Yichuan mineral resources are relatively lack of, only sporadic oil, coal, lime, Yellow River sand, copper, iron and other resources, mostly small deposits, in addition to petroleum mining in recent years has achieved certain results, other basic are not industrial mining value. Proven mineral reserves: 200 million tons of limestone, coal 500,000 tons, the Yellow River sand 1 billion cubic meters. However, the recent discovery of natural gas deposits of 10 billion cubic meters, this discovery negates the long-standing local mineral deposits poor stereotypes. It is reported that Yichuan County preliminary probe **** there is an explanation of 60 layers of coal seams, 18 layers of coal can be extracted, coal reserves of 2.39 billion tons of coal, coal bed methane 10 billion cubic meters.
National Economy
In recent years, in Yan'an municipal party committee and the correct leadership of the municipal government, Yichuan to the fifteenth and sixteenth congresses of the party and the fifteenth fifth and sixth plenary sessions of the party as a guideline to carry out the "three speeches" and the "Three Represents" In 2002, the county completed the GDP of 239.64 million yuan, an increase of 6.2%; the per capita net income of farmers was 1,106 yuan, a net increase of 90 yuan; the financial income of 16.33 million yuan, an increase of 8.3%, and a net increase of 8.3%. The county's gross domestic product was 239.64 million yuan, an increase of 6.2%.
Education
The county **** there are 156 schools of all kinds, including 1 senior high school, 1 vocational high school, 5 junior high schools, 2 nine-year schools, 1 private complete secondary school, 1 private junior high school, 1 county key elementary school, 9 central elementary school, 2 complete elementary school, 117 junior elementary school, 3 private elementary school, children's education and wisdom of 1 school, 12 kindergartens. There are 21,169 students in the county, including 3,528 in high schools, 7,906 in middle schools, 9,735 in elementary schools, and 1,462 in preschools. There are 17,641 students in compulsory education, accounting for 16.04% of the county's total population, and 4,285 students from poor families in compulsory education. There are 1,552 staff members and 1,356 full-time teachers in ordinary primary and secondary schools in the county, including 159 in high schools, 386 in middle schools, 654 in elementary schools, 157 in kindergartens, and 10 in children's nursery schools. There are also 12 rural (town) agricultural schools and 214 village agricultural schools. Yichuan Middle School is the only senior high school in Yichuan County. Its predecessor was "Danshan Academy" established at the end of Ming Dynasty, which was restored and renamed as "Ruiquan Academy" during the Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, and was changed to "Yichuan No.1 Higher Primary School" in the early years of the Republic of China. 1941, "Yichuan No.1 Higher Primary School" was officially established in November. In November 1941, Yichuan County Junior High School was formally established, and in the fall of 1958, a complete middle school was set up. 1978 March was identified as one of the five key middle schools in Yan'an area, and in July 2003, it was promoted to a key middle school in Shaanxi Province, and in September 2006, it was renamed as a standardized high school in Shaanxi Province, and in August 2008, it was added to the new campus.
Science and technology
The establishment of two science and technology demonstration townships, 62 science and technology demonstration villages, 347 science and technology demonstration households, science and technology demonstration points of 98, to play the role of a typical example to drive. Successively hired Li Bingzhi, Lu Shuguo, Xue Zhensheng, Liu Laixi and other provincial and municipal experts to carry out scientific and technological training, an average of 300-500 training sessions per year, the number of people trained up to about 30,000 people, and comprehensively improve the scientific and technological level of industrialization and management personnel management level. Cumulative introduction of new varieties of more than 90, the implementation of new technologies more than 50, scientific and technological personnel to carry out scientific and technological experiments, demonstration of more than 60, the establishment of science and technology demonstration sites 172, crop seed coverage has now reached 98% of the county, the popularization of good varieties.
Rural Economy
Yichuan County is a typical agricultural county, the county party committee, the county government has always been in accordance with the "fruit planting grass, strong tourism on the shed, fruit and animal husbandry, tourism, strong county" economic development strategy, vigorously develop the characteristics of the economy, and comprehensively promote the process of industrialization. The pace of industrialization of rural areas to accelerate the pace of the formation of a pear fruit, grass and livestock, shed planted three major industries to support the rural economy of the industrial pattern. Fruit production adhere to the apple, jugou pear, pepper dry and fresh fruit, the county's total area of apple reached 140,000 acres, its state fruit 60,000 acres, mainly distributed in Danzhou, Qiu Lin, Niu Jiaxuan, the new city river, Yunyan, Gaobai, attic, cross the river, jugou and other townships of nine; jugou pear area of 25,000 acres, mainly in the townships of jugou, Gaobai; pepper area of 51,000 acres, in order to set the Yi, Shoufeng, Autumn Forest Township, mainly in the local pepper base has been built, Yichuan County in 1997 by the Ministry of Agriculture named the "township of pepper". Shed industry development prospects, to Ying Wang, Danzhou, Jiaoli, Yunyan four townships as the center of Chuan Road, has built 1570 high-efficiency greenhouses. Grass livestock industry continues to develop, in 2002 the sheep stocked 23,000, of which 533 households, 7,171; County artificial grass area of 65,000 acres, the basic conditions of agriculture to improve the county to achieve the "village highway, village electricity, village programmable telephone" of the "three passes The county has realized the goal of "three-way". Township enterprises have been developing steadily, in 2002, the total output value of 110.4 million yuan, business income of 101.7 million yuan, total profits and taxes of 10.6 million yuan. Vigorously implement the construction of mountains and rivers beautiful project, in 1998 was listed as a national ecological environment construction key counties, in 2000 was listed as the national mountains and rivers beautiful project construction pilot county.
Highway transportation
Yichuan territory of the total length of 822 kilometers of highway, 309 National Highway Lan (State) Yichuan Road, Provincial Highway 201 line Wei (South) Qing (Jian) Road, Yanhu Road, along the Yellow Highway and other trunk routes through the territory. From 1997 to 2002, each highway reconstruction project and the township through the oil road, paving gravel road project, the rate of administrative villages through the car reached 100%, the highway integrity rate reached 60%.
Cultural Overview
Yichuan is located along the Yellow River, one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization, where Pangu, the founder of mankind, once "divined the marriage", where the ancestors of the Chinese nation once migrated and crushed, and where the Great Yu started to rule the water from the Hukou. For thousands of years, the social history of human activities has created a rich and unique culture, Python Hill, Magpie Lake, White Antelope Cave has left many beautiful and touching legends, Yichuan chest drums, Hukou fighting drums, folk cloth art, embroidery and other famous at home and abroad. Folk cultural activities, from performing arts to plastic arts, from folk literature to folk activities, are rich in content, widely circulated and loved by the masses.
1, folk performing arts, mainly: Yichuan chest drums, stilts, Shaanbei storytelling, folk songs, suona, martial arts, gongs and drums.
(1) Yichuan chest drum is one of the famous "three drums in northern Shaanxi Province". 1953 Shaanxi Provincial Folk Art Show won the first prize, in 1991 in Shaanxi Province, the opening ceremony of the Ninth National Games, 1991, 1992 in Shenyang, Lanzhou to participate in China's first and second rice-planting song competition won the Grand Prize, in 1993, the 45th anniversary of the National Day dedication. In 1993 to participate in the 45th anniversary of the National Day tribute performance, in 2003 the CCTV filmed Yichuan chest drum feature film for overseas broadcast, in 1996 Yichuan County was named by the Ministry of Culture as "chest drum art township".
(2) Hukou fighting drums is a unique art form of traditional drums in northern Shaanxi Province, with an ancient history of more than 4000 years, almost lost. 2004 by the digging of artists, rehearsals launched by people from all walks of life love. （
(Hukou Dou Drum) is a product of the fusion of Qin and Jin cultures, with the simple bones of the Loess Plateau, is the best of the northern Shaanxi drum dance, performed in 2004 in Xi'an, Datang Hibiscus Garden opening ceremony, May 1, 2005 in the revolutionary mecca of Yan'an performances, was very well received.
(3) Yichuan Pu Opera has deep roots and is famous in the five northwestern provinces. Before liberation, it was mostly a folk group, and in 1952, the Yichuan Pu Opera Troupe was formed. There are now four professional folk Pu Opera troupes, with more than a hundred actors and actresses, and more than 60 traditional repertoires. The Yichuan Pu Opera Troupe has developed into a large-scale cultural and artistic performance group that combines traditional Pu Opera, modern songs and dances, and sketches.
(4) Yichuan Rice-planting Songs, including stilts, bamboo horses, dragon dances, lion dances, dry-boat running, Jinnan carts, etc., are of various forms and have their own characteristics.
2, folk plastic arts, mainly paper-cutting, face flower, cloth, painting, textile, carving, embroidery, calligraphy, etc., especially paper-cutting, embroidery, cloth is famous.
(1) Yichuan paper-cutting style is simple and fresh, the lines are smooth and vivid, delicate and evocative, with strong local characteristics and life atmosphere. The forms are mostly window flowers, pillow flowers, ceiling flowers, wall flowers, etc., and the contents are mostly characters, animals, birds and flowers, legends, and theater faces. Prof. Han Zishan of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts inscribed Wang Suzhen's paper-cutting as "the beauty of depth and simplicity".
(2) Yichuan embroidery style is simple and generous, simple and vivid modeling, fine workmanship, lifelike, categories are hoods, wrapped belly, headdresses, needlework bags, toad pillows, life pillows, insoles, embroidered pillows, etc. In August 1984, the Yichuan embroidery, tiger hats, shawls, life pillows, needlework bags were brought back to France by the President of the French-French Friendship Association, Mr. Ki Naiki, to exhibit in France.
(3) Yichuan fabric style is simple and concise, and the modeling is evocative and naive, with tiger, donkey, mandarin duck and toad, etc., which give people a sense of wealth and auspiciousness and are very attractive.
(4) Yichuan folk literature is mainly based on legend, there are python mountain legend, jugou legend, great yu legend, magpie lake legend and white antelope hole legend, yichuan author between had written "dream fairy record" book, to be included, "python mountain gods legend" has been organized into a book.
(5) Yichuan folk activities are mainly social customs and folk customs, including marriage and funeral, birthday, cross wood, etc. Customs, etiquette Yichuan author Yuan Xirong created a "Yichuan customs and habits," a book, a detailed description of the origins and specific customs.
Sports
Hosted the third Yan'an City Games 2002 annual competition, track and field, weightlifting, shooting and other projects to get better results, the overall ranking of the eighth. Mass sports initially formed a "March 8", "May Day", "July 1" and a series of programs and events, sports infrastructure to further strengthen the investment of 1 million yuan to restore the Athletic field, the construction of the gate, public toilets and bleachers.
Health
Yichuan County health system *** there are 17 universal medical and health units, the establishment of 279 beds, including the county-level general hospital, hospitals, health supervision, CDC, maternal and child health care station each 1, 5 central health centers, 7 township health centers. The health system has 494 employees, including 377 in-service employees, 317 health professionals and technicians, including 17 senior technical titles, 98 intermediate, junior 176.
Tourist Scenery
On weekdays, "turbulence roar of a thousand oxen" Hukou Falls, in the "calm" in a different style: the Yellow River water from both sides of the shape of the ice cream, layers and layers of ice in the downstream, stirring up the mist in the sun reflecting a beautiful color. The beautiful rainbow mapped out in the sunlight, and the beautiful ice bridge built under the waterfalls make people sigh with admiration at the ingenious work of nature. Located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the middle part of the valley of Jin-Shaan-Shaan, Longwang, Jixian County, Shanxi Province. Geographic location of 36 degrees 8 minutes 10 seconds north latitude, 110 degrees 26 minutes 40 seconds east longitude, 448.1 meters above sea level. With Hukou Waterfall as the center, north to the horse dung beach, south to the small boat nest, west to the canyon territory, east to the Renzu Mountain, a total area of 100 kilometers. It is 45 kilometers from Jixian County in the east and 169 kilometers from Linfen City, the capital of Yao; 49 kilometers from Yichuan County in Shaanxi in the west; 170 kilometers from Yan'an, the holy land of the revolution; 387 kilometers from Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi Province in the north; and 449 kilometers from Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi Province in the south.
The rough, deep, solemn and bold Yellow River is the symbol of the Chinese nation; and the Hukou Waterfall, with its thousands of colors and grandeur, is the representative of the Yellow River. Here, ancient and modern poets and musicians played a song "Yellow River Cantata", sang the heart of the Yellow River! Not far south from here, is the Dragon Gate on the mouth - Mengmen. There is the "Mengmen Night Moon" spectacle and the "Zhenhe Stone Cow" which was used by Dayu to control the water. It is very interesting for tourists to visit Hukou first, Mengmen second and Longmen later, to have a "tour of the three best spots of the Yellow River", and to enjoy the relics of Dayu's water treatment. 1991, Hukou Waterfalls was rated as one of the "top forty" tourist attractions in the country. The development of Hukou Falls scenic area is promising, and the scenic spots are dotted with natural and humanistic landscapes, such as Moonlight Night of Mengmen, Zhenhe Divine Cow, Dry Boat, Great Wall of Qing Dynasty, Ming and Qing Dynasty Wharf, Dressing Table, Ancient Battery, and Ke Nian Po, etc. Since 1994, an annual event has been held to organize the "Hukou Waterfalls Tour". Since 1994, an annual Hukou Waterfall Rafting Month has been held, Asian flyer Ke Shouliang and Jixian flyer Zhu Zhaohui have successfully flown across the Yellow River in cars and motorcycles, and the Hukou scenic spot has become a remarkable tourist hot spot.
Yichuan specialties
(A) Yichuan apples. Started in 1984, the main production in Danzhou Township, Qiulin Township, Niujiaxian Township, Jiaoli Township, Yunyan Township, Xinshihe Township, Gelou Township and other townships. Farmers engaged in apple production in the county amounted to 19,779 households, accounting for more than 80% of the total number of farmers. In recent years, with the widespread popularization and application of the "four" key technologies, Yichuan apples, quality, efficiency and popularity continue to improve. By the end of 2004, the planted area has reached 20.07 million mu, of which 148,513 acres of red Fuji; Qin Guan 31,577 acres, 3466.9 acres of Gala, 3926.8 acres of the new Red Star, the total area of 80,000 acres of fruits. 50,000 acres of green bases have been certified by the China Green Food Certification Center. 2004 apple production of 72,431 tons, the output value of 75.6 million yuan, the per capita income of farmers more than 700 yuan. In 2004, the total apple output was 72,431 tons, the output value reached 75.6 million yuan, and the per capita income from apples was more than 700 yuan. Because Yichuan is located in the world's best apple eugenic zone, abundant light, big temperature difference between day and night, high altitude, the produced apples are big, colorful, crispy, strong taste, pollution-free, storage, in the provincial and municipal fruit evaluation of excellence there have been 14 varieties of 38 times won awards, of which the red Fuji apples were awarded the second Yangling Expo in China after the Jixi Golden Statue Award, the provincial high-quality fruit awards and other prizes in 2001. 97 years Yichuan was Shaanxi Province, one of the 27 base counties. In 1997, Yichuan was listed as one of the 27 base counties in Shaanxi Province.
(2) Yichuan pepper. Mainly produced in the set of Yi, Shoufeng and Luchuan, etc. At the end of 2004, the county pepper area of 65,900 acres, of which 20,000 acres of fruit area, production of 53.3 tons, the output value of 5.86 million yuan. In recent years, constantly accelerate the pepper varieties structure adjustment, vigorously introduce "lion head", "phoenix pepper" and other famous varieties, vigorously promote "a fertilizer, two water, three prevention, four shear" technology, make the Pepper quality improved significantly, Yichuan pepper with its "red color, rich fragrance" and famous province and abroad, selling well across the country.
(C) Yichuan jukou pear. Produced in the township and the township of high cypress. As of the end of 2004, jugou pear area of 24,700 acres, annual output of 5,000 tons. Hukou pear has a glossy surface, crisp taste thick, high sugar, thin skin and fine flesh, small fruit points, golden color, resistance to storage and transportation and other superiority, was awarded China's second Yangling Expo Houji Golden Statue Award, in 2001 was named Shaanxi Province, high-quality fruit awards.
(D) Yichuan walnut. Mainly produced in the set of Yi and Shoufeng two townships. By the end of 2004, the walnut area of 20,000 acres, the annual output of 150 tons, the output value of 1.65 million yuan, Yichuan walnut thin skin, high kernel rate, high oil content, favored by merchants.
(E) Yichuan persimmon. Mainly produced in the Shoufeng Township, set of Yi Township and Autumn Forest Township. County **** there are persimmons 919.5 acres, of which 1705 acres of fruiting area, the annual output of 257 tons, Yichuan persimmons with its large, colorful, sugary high reputation, Yichuan persimmon cake is exported across the country, favored by consumers.
In June 2020, Yichuan County was included in the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization of piece of the county list (Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia area).
In March 2019, Yichuan County was included in the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization of piece area list of counties (Shaanxi and Gansu piece area).
On February 21, 2017, Yichuan County was listed on the 2016 list of counties (cities and districts) with basically balanced development of national compulsory education.