Compared with other welding technologies, laser welding has the following main advantages:
1, with high speed, large depth and small deformation.
2, welding can be carried out at room temperature or under special conditions, and the welding equipment is simple.
3. It can weld refractory materials such as titanium and timely. It can weld anisotropic materials with good effect.
4. After laser focusing, the power density is high. When welding high-power devices, the depth-width ratio can reach 5: 1, and the highest can reach 10: 1.
5, micro welding can be carried out. After the laser beam is focused, a small spot can be obtained and accurately positioned, which can be applied to the assembly and welding of tiny workpieces in mass automatic production. (The minimum spot can reach 0. 1mm)
6. It can weld inaccessible parts and realize non-contact long-distance welding with great flexibility.
7. The laser beam is easy to split according to time and space, and multiple beams can be processed at multiple stations at the same time, which provides conditions for more accurate welding.
However, laser welding also has some limitations:
1, which requires high assembly accuracy of weldments, and the position of the light beam on the workpiece cannot be obviously shifted. This is because after laser focusing, the spot size is small, the weld is narrow and full of metal materials. If the assembly accuracy of the workpiece or the positioning accuracy of the beam can not meet the requirements, it is easy to cause welding defects.
2. Laser and its related systems have high cost and large one-time investment.
Laser welding principle:
Laser welding is to irradiate the metal surface with high-intensity laser beam, and melt the metal to form welding through the interaction between laser and metal.
In the process of interaction between laser and metal, metal melting is only one of the physical phenomena. Sometimes light energy is not mainly converted into metal melting, but expressed in other forms, such as vaporization and plasma formation.
However, in order to achieve good fusion welding, metal melting must be the main form of energy conversion.
Therefore, it is necessary to understand what happens when laser interacts with metal.
Various physical phenomena and the relationship between these physical phenomena and laser parameters, so that by controlling laser parameters, most laser energy is converted into energy of metal melting, and the purpose of welding is achieved.