The Japanese consortium economy can be traced back to the Meiji Restoration period, when the government supported the gradual development of large holding companies with monopoly, also known as zaibatsu. During the post-World War II economic recovery, the traditional zaibatsu organization system faced restructuring and gradually evolved into a new modern zaibatsu system, which has since become one of the six famous Japanese zaibatsu-type conglomerates, and has played an extremely important role in Japan's economic development.
Founded in 1978, is the latest of the six major consortia and the largest number of members of the consortium, consisting of 48 large enterprises, the main business areas in the chemical fibers, finance, optical communications, computers, petroleum development, food, etc., the manager will be "three gold".
The core companies: Dai-ichi Suyei Bank, Itochu Corporation, Fujitsu, Kawasaki Steel, Fuji Electric, Yokohama Rubber Corporation, Isuzu, and so on.
Founded in 1967, the formation of the six major consortia in the late, with 41 large monopoly companies, more than 10% stake in more than 170 associated companies, the core members of the combination of a little weaker, the heavy industry and the weak strength of the trading company, the main areas of business in the iron and steel manufacturing, communications, liquefied petroleum gas, ceramics, rubber, etc., the manager of the "Sansui Hui". ".
The core companies: Mitsuwa Bank, Hitachi Shipbuilding, UBE, Teijin, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone, Nippon Mian, Cosmo Oil, Kobe Steel, Lippon Paint, Sharp, Nippon Express, and Sekisui Chemical Industries.
Founded in 1966, is one of Japan's traditional four monopoly zaibatsu, because Mount Fuji is known as "Hibiscus Peak", the consortium is also known as the "Hibiscus Foundation", consists of 29 large enterprises, in manufacturing, commerce, finance and other fields, has a strong influence. Have a strong influence, the manager will be "Hibiscus Association".
The core companies: Fuji Bank, Nissan Motor, Nippon Steel Pipe, Sapporo Beer, Hitachi, Marubeni, Canon, Kubota (Japan's largest bearings, Seiko and agricultural machinery manufacturers).
Founded in 1951, the earliest can be traced back to the 16th century, the Sumitomo family started a copper mine, and this growing, and now consists of 20 large companies, the main business areas in the electrical industry, petrochemicals, steel, non-ferrous metals, fine chemicals, marine development, nuclear energy, food, etc., the manager of the "Shiraito will be". ".
Its core companies: Sumitomo Bank, Mazda, Sumitomo Metal, Sumitomo Chemical, Sumitomo Electric, Sumitomo Corporation, Panasonic, Nippon Electric, Sanyo Electric, Asahi Breweries and so on.
Founded in 1961, the company traces its roots back to its founder, Hachiro Mitsui Hyoe Takato, who started out as a satin shop in Edo (now Tokyo) and Kyoto in 1673, and later operated a money changer on the side. Currently consists of 25 large enterprises, associated companies more than 150, opened Japan's first private bank, was Japan's largest monopoly capital group, the main areas of business for the chemical industry, heavy machinery, integrated motor, automobile manufacturing, real estate, nuclear power, semiconductors, medical care, electronic equipment, and so on, the manager will be "Futagi Kai".
The core companies are Mitsui Bank, Mitsui & Co., Mitsui Fudosan, Sakura Bank, Toshiba, Sony, Sanyo, Toyota Motor Corporation, Toray, and others.
Founded in 1954, is one of Japan's four traditional zaibatsu, the earliest can be traced back to 1873 by the founder of the Mitsubishi Chamber of Commerce established by the founder of the Yataro Iwasaki, by the operation of maritime business, currently consists of 28 large enterprises, is the largest conglomerate in Japan. The main business areas in the automotive, arms, complete sets of equipment, electronics, petrochemicals, aircraft, shipbuilding, nuclear energy, transportation, etc., the manager will be "Kinyo-kai".
Its core enterprises: Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Nikon, Mitsubishi Motors, Mitsubishi Electric, Honda Techno Research Institute, Kirin Brewery and so on.
From the above, we can see that the Japanese consortium mainly consists of general trading companies, financial institutions, manufacturing three types of enterprises, the consortium through a number of large enterprises, control of the Japanese economy and society in all aspects of Japan, Japan's major decisions will often be the first to consult the consortiums. According to incomplete estimates, the six major consortiums hold more than 60% of Japan's assets, Japan has more than 50 of the world's top 500 companies, more than 40 from the six major consortiums, can be said to be truly rich, so that the consortiums control the lifeblood of Japan's economy is not excessive.
The composition of the Japanese consortium is also very characteristic of their own country, with financial capital and traditional relations as the core, the member companies are ring-shaped shareholding, there is no upper and lower dominance of the relationship between the presentation of each other to carry out the business of the loose consortium, the group does not have a unified management organization, the group itself does not have an independent legal personality, the highest authority for the "manager will be" (similar to the big big), "the" (similar to the big). The highest authority is the "Board of Managers" (similar to the Board of Major Shareholders). Japan's unique consortium system has been gradually formed and developed in the course of history, and has greatly contributed to Japan's economic development. The decentralized shareholder structure has also brought a new look to the Japanese consortium, and to a certain extent, it is also conducive to the Japanese consortium to adapt to the new world economic environment and participate in international competition more flexibly.