965-1039 CE
Born in Basra, al-Hashim was a pioneer of thought in his time. He was well known for his work in mathematics, anatomy, astronomy, engineering, medicine, philosophy, and physics, and for the first time elevated experimentation and observation to the level of a methodology for scientific research. His most important contribution was to initiate the study of optics by mankind, and his work on optics is considered an important milestone in the study of optics and visual perception. He was the first to provide a systematic description of the dark box and laid the foundations for the development of the microscope and telescope, which became an important guideline for the principles of Renaissance optics in later years, and in particular the application of the microscope in the fields of medicine, microbiology, and chemistry, all of which have had a profound impact on contemporary society.
Tim Berners-Lee
1955 A.D.-Present
If it weren't for Tim Berners-Lee, you probably wouldn't be reading this article today. He was the founder of the World Wide Web and was working at a European nuclear physics laboratory, CERN. Most notably, he did not patent the invention, but rather contributed it free of charge to all mankind. Since then, the Internet has revolutionized the history of human communication and enabled the fastest and most efficient information on a global scale. His invention also surpassed Marconi (who invented the radio) and Alexander Bell (who invented the telephone) as a true revolution in communication.
Avicenna
980-1037 A.D.
The most influential Islamic scientist of all time, Avicenna, like his predecessors, was an accomplished writer in many fields, such as medicine, mathematics, logic and geometry. He wrote roughly 450 treatises in his lifetime, covering a wide range of topics, the two most famous of which are Medicine and the Art of Healing. For more than a hundred years, these two books were made compulsory university textbooks throughout Europe. His influence was not limited to this, however, as he is considered the founder of quarantine, which aims to avoid spreading infections, and a pioneer of clinical medicine and systematic experimental theory.
Thomas Micheli
1889-1944 A.D.
Thomas Micheli contributed greatly to the progress of contemporary society. Unfortunately, most of his contributions had a negative effect. Initially, Micheli discovered how to use lead to stop the burning of gasoline in automobile engines. However, this ended up causing numerous health problems. Later, his leadership led to the development of Freon, a chemical that now seems to be causing serious damage to the atmosphere and is responsible for the global greenhouse effect. Micheli is remembered for his "outstanding contributions to the field of the atmosphere". He had a frustrating life, perhaps due to a jealousy, and was struck by polio, then used an ingenious pulley system to help him get in and out of bed, but ended up getting entangled in it by accident and dying.
Fritz Haber
1868-1934 A.D.
Fritz Haber was a German chemist whose work demonstrated the skepticism and danger inherent in science. In the production of urea, an important basis for modern agriculture, one of the key processes in the industrial synthesis of ammonia is named after Hubble. Because of this, modern society was able to carry out large-scale agricultural production, which led to the massive population growth in the 20th century. Meanwhile, Hubble was involved in the development of chemical weapons similar to chlorine gas during World War I in Germany and is known as the father of chemical warfare. This research led directly to the later invention of cyanide gas and its subsequent use by the Nazis in the catastrophe of human history.
Leo Sillard
1898-1964 A.D.
Sillard is perhaps one of the least known scientists of the Manhattan Project, but it was his theory of the atomic chain reaction that eventually led to the invention of the atomic bomb. He was also the initiator of the Manhattan Project, and wrote a letter to President Roosevelt authorizing the development of nuclear weapons because he felt that the Nazis in Germany were conducting similar scientific research. Although Hillard abhorred the use of violence and guarded Pandora's Box, it was through his efforts that mankind entered the age of nuclear weapons, revolutionizing the world.
James Maxwell
1831-1879 A.D.
James Maxwell is considered to be the father of modern physics, having worked on electricity, thermodynamics, optics, nuclear energy, and many other things. His discovery of the properties of electromagnetism eventually led to the invention of television, radio, and microwave ovens, and was also instrumental in the invention of radio and infrared telescopes. The many theories he came up with about the electromagnetic world are as indelible as the theory of relativity proposed by Einstein. He also produced the first color photograph of mankind, taken of a tartan ribbon. His achievements are also considered comparable to those of the greatest of all time, Lord Isaac Newton, who utilized the many scientific mysteries discovered to advance modern science.
Karl Landsteiner
1868-1943 A.D.
Landsteiner was an experienced Austrian physician who played an important role in blood typing. He demonstrated the rejection between non-matching blood types and simultaneously revealed the hereditary secrets that blood types possess. He was also involved in the identification of the poliovirus and contributed to immunology, histology and anatomy. There is no greater achievement about him than helping people understand how to transfuse blood between different blood groups, thus greatly reducing the mortality rate due to transfusion during surgery.
John Batian
1908-1991
An American physicist and electrical engineer, John Batian is one of the few people to have won the Nobel Prize twice. 1956, he and two colleagues invented the electronic transistor, which would be widely used in all future electrical devices, and was called the essential substance of modern society. 1972, he invented the electronic transistor, which would be widely used in all future electrical devices, and was called the essential substance of modern society. In 1972, he again discovered superconductors, which are used in medical CAT and MRI scanning equipment. Despite his many groundbreaking scientific contributions