After the fire accident, the fire unit should actively assist the public security organs of the fire agency to investigate the cause of the fire, and strive to do the following:
(1) protect the fire scene. The fire scene is an important place to extract traces of physical evidence to investigate the cause of the fire. The purpose of protecting the fire scene, is to find the fire and ignition material, according to the burning characteristics of the fire material, fire spread, the study of the development and spread of fire process, to determine the starting point, collect material evidence to create conditions. Therefore, once the fire scene has been damaged, it will directly affect the smooth progress of on-site investigation work, affect the access to the fire scene of all factors of objective information, affect the quality of investigation work, but also affect the accurate judgment of the fire investigators. Therefore, protect the fire scene is a good fire investigation work. According to the provisions of Article 51 of the Fire Services Law, the public security organs of the fire agencies have the right to close the fire scene according to need. After the fire is extinguished, the fire unit and related personnel should be in accordance with the requirements of the public security organs of the fire protection agency to protect the scene, accept the investigation of the accident, and truthfully provide information related to the fire.
①Everyone has the obligation to protect the fire scene. The protection of the fire scene should start from the time when the fire is found to have started, and not wait for the arrival of the public security fire department or fire investigators. Therefore, the earliest to arrive at the scene of the fire and found the fire of volunteer firefighters, full-time firefighters, security personnel and unit chiefs have the responsibility to protect the scene, the general public have the obligation and right to assist in the protection of the scene of the fire.
After the fire, the affected unit should protect the fire scene. Fire scene protection should be based on the public security and fire protection agencies to delineate the scope of the cordon. Has not been delineated warning range, should be the fire over the fire and the parts related to the fire as the scope of the fire scene protection. Without the permission of the public security and fire defense institutions, no one shall enter the protective range of the fire scene without authorization, and no one shall move any objects in the fire scene without authorization. Without the consent of the public security fire defense institutions, no one shall clean up the fire scene without authorization.
② fire fighting should pay attention to the protection of the fire scene
The process of fire fighting should also be regarded as an important part of the fire scene protection. Whether in the unit of self-help or public security fire department after the arrival of the fire scene commanders should pay full attention to this point in the fire-fighting operations. When extinguishing the residual fire after the fire has been brought under control or when examining the fire scene, it is not advisable to use straight streams of water to shoot directly at the key protection areas, and to try to prevent the destruction of the scene or the movement of physical evidence. When examining the fire scene, try not to move interior items and electrical appliances (switches and switches), machinery and equipment, and avoid stepping on or damaging items. Containers that may contain hazardous materials should not be touched or moved casually to prevent damage to fingerprint traces that may remain on them. When the power equipment used in the process of extinguishing the fire (such as chain saws, portable engines and hand-operated motorized pumps, etc.) need to be refueled, it should be carried out in a location other than the fire scene, so as not to spill gasoline to contaminate the hazardous materials used as physical evidence. If the public security organs of the fire investigators have not yet arrived at the fire scene before the fire has been extinguished, the fire unit should actively arrange for personnel, the fire scene to protect the scene, to be the public security organs of the fire investigators to arrive at the scene, they should be aware of the situation to them, and will be handed over to the fire investigation team to protect the scene of the fire.
3 correctly delineate the scope of protection of the fire scene. The delineation of the scope of protection of the fire scene should be based on the nature of the material on fire and combustion characteristics of different situations to decide. In order to ensure that the cause of the fire can be found under the conditions, should try to minimize the scope of protection. If there is only one building on fire in a building complex, then the site to be protected is usually limited to the one on fire. If the part of the fire is only a room, then the fire scene to be protected should also be limited to the room where the fire started. Under normal circumstances, building fires within 1m of the burned building wall and open-air fires within 1m of the burned material should be designated as a site protection zone. However, when the site of the fire is not obvious, there is a difference of opinion on the location of the fire point, or the initially recognized fire point is inconsistent with the traces left in the fire scene, the scope of protection should also be expanded according to the site conditions and the needs of the investigation work. When the cause of the fire is suspected to be caused by electrical equipment failure, where the fire with electrical equipment related to lines, electrical appliances (main switchboards, switches, sockets, lamps), equipment (motors, motorized equipment) and their passage and installation of the site should be included in the scope of the protection, if the point of ignition and the point of failure is inconsistent with, or even a long way away from each other, the scope of its protection should also be extended to the failure of the site. For the scene of the explosion and fire, in addition to the site should be thrown into the protective range, at the same time should also be damaged by the explosion or the impact of the affected buildings are also included in the scope of protection.
Fire scene protection should be from the discovery of the fire until the loss of protective value. The revocation of the fire scene protection shall be decided by the public security organs of the fire-fighting agencies or the authorities that filed the case.
(2) organization and arrangement of the investigation visit. Fire accident investigation visit is through and those who have first-hand knowledge of the cause of the fire, the fire and the spread of the fire and other first-hand information to talk to, as accurately as possible to reproduce the process of the fire, to obtain the relevant people witnessed the fire, to identify the cause of the fire to collect evidence material.
①Importance of the investigation visit
a. It provides a basis for the fire investigator to take urgent measures. In the immediate aftermath of the fire soon after the timely investigation visit, the parties and the public memory is still fresh, to provide a more detailed and accurate information, which is often the case is to take first aid, fire, or remove obstacles and other emergency measures of the important basis.
b. Through the investigation and visit the earliest people found the fire, you can accurately determine the starting point of the fire to provide valuable information, so that the scope of the investigation is narrowed to speed up the process of fire investigation.
c. Through the investigation visit can make the field survey to the situation and the investigation to understand the situation of mutual corroboration, so that the fire investigation work further in-depth and detailed.
d. Through the investigation of the materials obtained by the visit, can cooperate with the field investigation, identify the fire traces, physical evidence and the cause and effect of the fire. Through the investigation visit can also help to determine whether the physical evidence is the original site of all, whether a physical evidence changed location, etc..
e. Through the parties concerned, the masses to investigate and understand the scene of the type, nature, quantity and location of the goods, to understand the fire scene of the production equipment, process conditions and production failures, to understand the fire, the use of the power supply and other circumstances, can help to find out what traces of what places and physical evidence, to analyze the cause of the formation of the fire is very helpful.
f. Can help find the fire perpetrators and arsonists. With the help of investigative visits, you can understand the scene of the people, things, things and interrelationships in detail, to understand the fire when the masses of what they saw and heard, but also to find the perpetrators of the fire and arsonists direct witnesses, and can be more clearly explain the original cause of the matter.
② need to investigate the main person to visit. Should be interviewed are: the first to find a fire, the last person to leave the scene before the fire; the first to arrive at the fire and rescue people; fire alarm or report people; fire on the scene of the fire; familiar with the site of the original material situation or production process; the leaders of the affected units or the affected householders, family members; familiar with the fire parts of the surrounding area or the fire around the situation; the fire rescued from the Injured persons, and other persons, etc. These people are all related to the investigation of the cause of the fire accident, and should not be arranged to travel or work far away from the unit during the investigation of the cause of the fire accident. If the special need to arrange not too far away from the business trip or work away from the unit, should be arranged for communication links, to be on call, at any time to accept the inquiry to ensure the smooth progress of the fire cause of the investigation visit.
(3) to assist in good statistics on fire damage and casualties. After the fire, the affected units also assist the public security organs of the fire agencies to count the economic losses caused by the fire and casualties.
①The scope of fire loss statistics. The statistical scope of fire loss mainly includes direct loss and indirect loss.
a. Fire direct economic loss refers to be burned, burned, smoke and fire in the demolition, water damage and pollution caused by the fire caused by the loss. Such as housing, machinery and equipment, means of transportation, livestock and draft animals and other fixed assets, buildings, cultural relics, commodities, purchased goods and other current assets, household goods, handicrafts and agricultural products, etc. because of the fire burned, burned, smoked, as well as in the extinguishing of the destruction, water damage caused by the loss of fire belongs to the scope of the statistics of the fire direct economic loss.
b. Indirect losses between fires. Refers to the fire and stop work, stop production and business losses caused by the scene, as well as rescue, aftercare costs.
ⅰ. Due to the fire caused by the "three stop" loss. Mainly include: the fire unit of the three stop loss; due to the use of fire unit for energy, raw materials and intermediate products caused by the unit of the three stop loss; to fight the fire taken by the water, electricity, steam (gas) and other necessary emergency measures directly led to the unit of the three stop loss; other related reasons for the loss of the three stops.
ⅱ. The economic loss caused by the fire caused casualties. Mainly includes: medical expenses paid due to casualties, the deceased's hospitalization fees, rescue costs, the immediate family of the deceased's pension, the deceased's family funeral expenses, funeral expenses and other related costs and other expenses, the wages of rest during the period of recuperation (including caregivers), casualties engaged in the casualty before the casualty of the interruption of creative labor or termination of the work of the economic losses caused by the casualty (including caregivers), to take over the deceased's The cost of work loss such as the training costs of the employee who took over the deceased's former job.
III. Fire scene rescue and clean up the scene of the cost. Mainly includes: all kinds of fire trucks, boats and pumps and other fire equipment and equipment costs and fuel costs (including non-fire departments); all types of extinguishing agents and materials costs; clean up the scene of the fire all the manpower, financial resources and material costs such as the cost of loss of rescue and clean-up costs.
②The scope of casualty statistics. After the fire and fight the process of burning, falling, bombing, smashing, asphyxiation, poisoning, electrocution and high temperature radiation and other causes of casualties, should be included in the statistical scope of fire casualties.
The above listed economic losses and casualties statistics, whether direct or indirect, the fire unit should be in accordance with the requirements of the serious cleanup, truthfully reported, never for fear of accountability and underreporting, but also for the insurance company's compensation and overreporting.
(4) Comprehensively analyze the cause of the accident, study and formulate countermeasures for improvement. After the fire accident, the fire unit should comprehensively analyze the factors related to the accident, find out the crux of the problem, and study and formulate improvement measures to avoid the recurrence of similar accidents.
①A comprehensive analysis of the significance of the fire accident. The unsafe behavior of people can cause the unsafe state of things, the unsafe state of things will also lead to the unsafe behavior of people, the two are interrelated. Enterprise fire safety management is good, can make the reduction of unsafe behavior and unsafe state, eliminate, on the contrary, can increase unsafe behavior and unsafe state. It can be seen that the fire accident investigation is only simple to find out the direct cause of the fire and the direct perpetrator or the responsible person or not enough, this is only an important aspect of the fire accident investigation. Many fire accident cause analysis shows that if the cause of the fire investigation is limited to this purpose, then the potential risk factors that cause accidents - management, safety design, material nature and equipment defects and other factors, will be "buried"! The risk factors for reoccurrence of accidents cannot be eliminated. Therefore, should be in line with the accident "three do not spare" principle, not only to investigate the behavior of people, but also to investigate the state of things (plant buildings, devices, equipment, material properties, etc.), but also to investigate the reasons for the safety management, so that the accident has occurred in all aspects of the information feedback to continuously improve and perfect the safety system, improve the quality of fire safety management, and effectively ensure the quality of fire safety management, and effectively ensure the safety of the fire safety management. The quality of fire safety management, and effectively ensure the personal safety of workers and the safety of corporate property.
So, the fire accident cause investigation is mainly aimed at the discovery of reoccurrence of similar accidents of the kind of more hidden unsafe behavior and unsafe state, including fire safety management, in order to further analyze and study them, so as to be able to establish a corresponding accident prevention countermeasures.
②Comprehensive analysis of the causes and methods of fire accidents. Comprehensive analysis of the causes of fire accidents should be in charge of fire safety work of the leadership is responsible for organizing the participation of relevant personnel. If the direct cause of the production process, should also be absorbed in the design, production and technical departments of the relevant engineers and technicians to participate in order to scientifically identify the direct causes of fire accidents constitute the causative factors - indirect causes and underlying causes.
a. Basic causes. Is the most basic cause of fire accidents, usually including poor fire safety education, safety standards are not clear, fire safety system is not implemented and labor discipline is not strict, these are management reasons, from the fire safety point of view, this is the main part of the basic causes.
b. Indirect causes. Is the main cause of fire accidents, mainly technical reasons, educational reasons, physical reasons and mental reasons and so on. Technical reasons are mainly poor design of mechanical devices, inadequate inspection and preservation, construction materials are not appropriate, the lack of measures to control the behavior of the accident, etc., educational reasons mainly include the knowledge of fire safety, fire safety requirements and can not be skilled in the use of safety measures, etc., the physical causes are mainly sick, sleep deprivation, physical conditions are not suitable for the work requirements, etc., the mental causes are mainly attitude is not serious, sloppy work and attention during operation. The mental reason is not serious attitude, sloppy work and lack of concentration during operation.
c. Direct causes. Can be divided into physical causes and human causes. Physical causes are mainly poor environmental conditions, poor equipment, safety devices are faulty, imperfect equipment and alarm equipment failure, etc., human causes are mainly violation of safety regulations, inadequate preparation for operation, misuse, paralysis and negligence.
The above reasons can be analyzed carefully by using a single cause analysis and statistical analysis. Individual cause analysis, that is, each cause of fire accidents from the micro to analyze, in order to improve the relevance and effectiveness of countermeasures to facilitate the implementation; through the statistical method of comprehensive analysis of the cause of the fire, that is, the cause of the fire macro-exploration, multifaceted countermeasures research.
③Research and development of improvement measures. After analyzing the causes of the fire, the main causes of the fire should be identified, so that targeted research to develop future improvement measures and countermeasures.
a. Countermeasures on the cause of the equipment should be in the design, production, technology and scientific research to study and develop new technologies to improve the environment and fire prevention, fire fighting facilities.
b. Countermeasures on unsafe human behavior. It is necessary to re-evaluate the original regulation requirements in terms of safety operation regulations, operation procedures, supervision and control as well as education and training, to modify the unreasonable parts of them, and to strengthen the technical training for operation workers.
c. Management countermeasures in the fire safety management, should be effectively caused by the leadership of the unit's attention to ensure that the implementation of the rules and regulations, the establishment of a sound fire safety organization, so that a variety of fire hazards have been thoroughly rectified.
In short, the analysis of the various causes of fire, should be studied one by one, to take corresponding countermeasures and improvement measures to effectively avoid the recurrence of similar fire accidents.
(5) the need for the unit to deal with the fire responsible for timely treatment
After the cause of the fire, in order to educate the fire perpetrators themselves and the masses of workers, should be based on the public security organs of the fire agency issued by the "fire cause determination" and "responsibility for fire accidents," the responsibility for the tracing and handling of the person concerned.
Constituting a crime and violation of fire safety management, respectively, through the judicial organs and the public security organs of the fire agencies in accordance with the relevant laws to deal with. For those who are not yet enough to pursue criminal responsibility and fire management penalties for those responsible, should be respectively by the supervisory organs, the unit's higher authorities and units, in accordance with the management of cadres and employees, as appropriate, to give a warning, demerit, demerit, demotion, demotion, dismissal, and dismissal of retention to view or dismissal of the sanctions.
(6) of the determination of the remedy. Fire accident parties to the public security organs of the fire agency to make the determination of fire accidents, you can receive the fire accident determination within fifteen days from the date of application to the next level of the public security organs of the fire agency for review, but also to the people's court in accordance with the law to file an administrative lawsuit.