The conditions that the nurse should have to give drugs:
(1) master the basic knowledge of drugs: including pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic knowledge.
(2) master the correct method of drug administration, skills, and strict compliance with the principle of safe drug use.
(3) Strict medication management to protect the rights of the user and ensure safety and comfort.
(4) Familiarize themselves with the patient's condition, the purpose of the medication, and pay attention to observing the reaction after the medication is administered.
(5) Be responsible, question medical advice in case of doubt, and refuse to provide unsafe medication.
Strictly abide by the principle of safe drug administration, according to the doctor's orders to give drugs, pay attention to the observation of the condition and efficacy of the drug therapy nurses should be:
(1) the patient's side: familiar with the condition, clear the purpose of the drug, pay attention to the observation of the response to the use of drugs.
(2) Drugs: familiar with the dose, efficacy, adverse effects and contraindications of the drugs commonly used in the ward.
(3) Strictly according to the doctor's orders to give drugs.
Strict implementation of the checking system, in case of doubt should be verified clearly before implementation. The first step in the process is to check that the patient's condition is correct and that the patient's condition is correct and that the patient's condition is correct. Seven pairs: bed number, name, drug name, concentration, dose, method, time.
2. As a nurse must know the common sense of what
Three checks and eight pairs of the most important, the communication attitude to pay attention to, speak the words to be appropriate, to treat the young people to be sweet, to treat the elderly to be patient, to treat the children to encourage.
The eyes, children, mouths, hands and feet need to be diligent. If there is a condensed question more checking, do not understand the problem must ask for advice.
The operation technique should be practiced more, after the operation should be checked again, the critically ill patients should be observed more, the issue of medicine, injection is not anxious, the oral medical advice must be repeated, the knowledge of first aid must be remembered, the record writing should be clear. These are the experience I have gained from my internship, although not too comprehensive, but what you do your mouth will speak to their own help is very big, no matter what you do three check eight on your serious, generally will not be a problem, the patient's condensation ask yourself will not be sure to check the doctor's orders, ask for advice.
Don't be so stressed, I believe you can do a good job.
3. Nurses must know the general knowledge
To help you look around 貌似这个比较符合你的要求 1.2 Emergency nurses should have the ability to respond to emergencies One of the characteristics of the emergency is the onset of the patient's acute, rapid changes, critical condition, mostly due to traffic accidents, accidental injuries, sudden onset of disease, etc. Therefore, time is life. Therefore, time is life, must respond quickly, scramble for time, deal with timely, in order to save the patient's life to fight for time.
1.3 Emergency nurses should have good language skills Emergency rescue often includes pre-hospital rescue and in-hospital emergency, so its work scope is large, the service population is complex, involves a lot of related departments, and requires a lot of coordination work. And the situation is very urgent, so the emergency department nurses must have good language expression ability and communication ability, in order to coordinate and organize the large-scale rescue and accident handling.
2 Emergency nurses should have the quality
2.1 Physical quality The work of the emergency department has a great responsibility, heavy tasks, randomness, poor conditions of the emergency environment, and high physical intensity. In dealing with large car accidents and other accidents, critical patients are often involved in the handling of patients, requiring strong physical strength, and at the same time, because of the rescue of patients sometimes need a long time to fight, so there is no strong body, there is no way to talk about doing a good job in emergency rescue work.
2.2 Political quality Emergency patients are often some of the sudden, often no family or accompanied, in the process of rescue, observation of the patient, many times only one nurse is present; there are some patients with no money and no master, this time we need to be a nurse to a large extent a kind of dedication. Therefore, the emergency nurses must have a high political quality and moral cultivation, good medical ethics and medical style, have a noble state of mind, have a good spirit of prudence, with full enthusiasm to serve the patients. Not caring about personal gains and losses, the patient's life above all. The interests of the patient, the interests of the hospital as a priority.
2.3 Business quality Emergency patients are often fierce, urgent situation, so we need our medical staff to have a superb, skillful rescue skills; able to react keenly, skillful operation, cooperate with the tacit understanding, organized; have a more accurate foresight. Therefore, the emergency department nurses must constantly strengthen the business skills learning, training, to adhere to the old, learn the old, all work must be "stable, accurate, fast", in order to scramble for the momentum, and strive to improve the quality of medical care and the level of resuscitation. Skilled in the basic knowledge and skills of pre-hospital emergency care, skilled in the use of rescue equipment and storage; skilled in the role of commonly used rescue drugs, usage and precautions, strong communication skills and techniques.
In short, the emergency department nurses must have good personal training, to have a "people-oriented" service concept; to have the spirit of selfless dedication, all for the sake of the patient, all for the sake of the life of the idea; to have no fear of hard work, no fear of fatigue and the patient's safety above all the occupational ethics.
4. Simple medical care knowledge
Nursing has an important role in the recovery of patients. So, what are the basic components of patient care? Now briefly as follows:
1) Observation of the condition: mainly refers to the body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, pupil, etc., these changes in vital signs reflect the disease's improvement or deterioration. Therefore, condition observation is the key content of basic nursing. In addition, attention should also be paid to the changes in the skin and mucous membranes and the color, amount, character and frequency of vomitus and urine and feces.
⑵ medical care:
① therapeutic care, such as antipyretic, infusion, oxygen, venting, excretion, catheterization and other means of treatment when the care.
② medication care, supervise the patient's medication, correctly take, observe the adverse drug reactions.
③ Diagnostic nursing, such as the correct collection of laboratory specimens, do all kinds of examination nursing.
(3) life care: life care content is mainly to take care of the patient's cleanliness and hygiene, such as shampooing, oral cleansing, showering, dressing, auxiliary beds, trimming finger (toe) nails, etc., as well as some necessary disinfection.
(4) dietary care: according to the needs of the patient's disease condition, the production of a specific meal for the sick, scientific and rational arrangement of the patient's diet, in order to supplement sufficient nutrition, to promote the recovery of the body.
(5) rest and sleep: the improvement and recovery of any disease requires sufficient rest and sleep, therefore, it is necessary to create a peaceful environment to ensure that the patient has sufficient rest and sleep.
(6) psychological care: when people are sick, especially some of the more serious diseases will make people have different degrees of psychological burden, fear, anxiety, these will affect the patient's recovery. Therefore, reducing the patient's psychological pressure is also one of the contents of nursing.
Nursing technology operation requirements "patient family nursing counseling" war Jiayi Ren Xuejuan and other editors
(1) to understand the content of the care of the nursing object, and timely to the professional health care personnel to ask for advice, so that the patient to get the best possible nursing service.
(2) The patient's living room should be well lit, with appropriate temperature and humidity.
(3) Nursing action should be rapid, gentle, avoid pulling and dragging, to avoid adding unnecessary pain to the patient.
(4) pay attention to the patient's lying position, posture should be comfortable, in addition to the need to expose the part, the rest of the part should be covered, pay attention to keep warm.
(5) pay attention to clean operation, the caregiver should be neatly dressed, preferably wearing a mask, before and after the operation to wash their hands with soap.
(6) do a good job of psychological care, understand the patient's psychological state, do a good job of explaining. The patient should be kind and gentle language, so that the patient as far as possible in the best psychological state to accept treatment.
(7) nursing operation is completed, organize the patient's clothes and bedding, so that the patient feels comfortable.
(8) Do a good job of condition observation records and nursing records.
The oral care of bedridden patients "patient home care counseling" war Jiayi Ren Xuejuan and other editors
Normal human oral cavity contains a large number of lysozyme, with bactericidal effect. Long-term bedridden patients, due to low resistance, drinking, eating less, the oral cavity of the microbes to take advantage of the opportunity to reproduce, causing stomatitis, tongue inflammation, and even due to infections leading to complications. Good oral care can not only prevent diseases, but also make patients feel comfortable and promote appetite.
Bedridden patients with dentures should choose to remove the dentures. When oral care, patients who can sit up by themselves should be allowed to brush their teeth and rinse their mouths like normal people. Patients who can not sit up let their head to one side or lying on the side, a dry towel under the neck, the corner of the mouth to put a small bowl, by the patient's own teeth brushing. Patients who cannot take care of themselves should be assisted in brushing their teeth. If the patient's mouth is difficult to move or confused, the patient can use sterilized tweezers to clamp the saline cotton balls, or use the fingers wrapped in sterilized gauze, from the outside to the inside of the teeth, tongue and oral mucosa, wipe the attention of more than a few times to replace the cotton balls. After scrubbing, dry the face, count the number of cotton balls, and organize the supplies.
When doing oral care, the action should be light to prevent damage to the oral mucosa. Saline cotton balls should not be too wet to avoid inhalation of the respiratory tract. When there are ulcers in the mouth, apply 1% ice boron powder or double material throat wind powder.
For patients with dentures, the dentures should be taken with cold water, rinse and brush, put into the water to save, disable hot water to prevent cracking or deformation.
Oral care should be carried out at least once in the morning and once in the evening, and also before and after meals if necessary.
Morning and evening care for the bedridden patient "Patient Home Care Counseling" by Battle Jiayi Ren Xuejuan
(1) Morning care. Morning care should give the patient an uplifted outlook to welcome the new day and create a neat and comfortable environment for the patient's day-to-day life.
① every is the morning to open the doors and windows for a period of time to replace the indoor air, the winter open windows pay attention to the patient to keep warm.
② to the patient face, hand washing, incontinence of the patient but also wash the perineum and wipe bath.
③ Oral care for the patient, help him comb his hair.
④ Turn the patient over, *** back and bone protrusion.
⑤ Observe the change of condition, such as pulse temperature, respiration and so on.
⑥ Make up the bed, clean the sheets, flatten and spread the sheets and covers, and change the patient's clothes if necessary.
⑵ Evening care. Evening care can make the patient clean, comfortable and conducive to sleep.
① Give the patient oral care or assist in gargling.
② Wash the patient's face, hands, feet, female patients rinse the vulva.
③ Turn the patient over, ***.
④ Organize the bed, cover the cover.
⑤ Turn off the lights or adjust the lights to avoid glare and noise.
⑥ Patients who have difficulty falling asleep can be given a small diet.
5. What is the common sense of daily care
First, the eye wrinkles
Formation reasons: due to neuroendocrine function decline, protein synthesis rate decline, the dermis of the fibroblasts of the activity of the decline or loss of collagen fibers, collagen fibers decrease, break, resulting in skin elasticity, eye wrinkles increased, and the sun, dry, cold, wash the face of the water temperature is too high, the expression of the rich, Smoking, etc. leads to a decrease in the elasticity of the fibrous tissue.
Strategies:
1, appropriate in the food supplement collagen and vitamin C.
2, the use of eye creams and eye masks with the function of promoting metabolism.
3, keep eight glasses of water a day.
Second, the pore relaxation
Formation reason: usually more than 25 years old, the pores will gradually appear relaxation of coarse problems, coupled with the erosion of the external environment, the dermis within the elastic fibers, collagen began to loosen, fracture, resulting in the skin tension and elasticity of the skin is not good, the loss of support around the pores, the oval pores will appear in the form of coarse.
For the strategy:
1, appropriate in the food supplement collagen.
2, the use of mild weak acid cleansing products.
3. Use nutrient-rich night creams and nourishing masks.
Third, dull complexion
Formation causes: skin if the moisture is insufficient, it will lead to metabolism can not be normal, located in the epidermal layer of keratinocytes will be due to a lack of water and lead to dry and cracked off. As a result, the skin loses its transparency and gives the impression of a dull complexion. Of course, if the sebum secreted by the skin remains on the surface of the skin, oxidization can occur, leading to dull skin.
Strategies to address this:
1. Maintain eight glasses of water a day.
2, keep your facial skin clean, and if you wear makeup, or even just use foundation, isolation, or sunscreen with SPF 20 times or more, be sure to remove it.
3. Use antioxidant products.
Fourth, lip lines
Reason for formation: dehydration is the main reason for the formation of wrinkles. In addition, due to the climate or physical condition caused by dry peeling, once, twice, many times you ignore it, not to maintain care, naturally, the lip lines are getting deeper and deeper.
For the strategy:
1, change the problem of licking lips.
2, choose a high degree of moisturizing lip balm.
Fifth, color spots
Formation reasons: skin due to the impact of ultraviolet rays or friction and inflammation, the skin melanin production will become unusually active, if this active state continues, it will eventually lead to pigmentation, the formation of color spots.
For the strategy:
1, do a good job of sunscreen, whether it is spring, summer, fall or winter.
2. Emotional instability usually causes endocrine disorders, resulting in abnormal melanin activity, so stabilizing emotions is also very important for eliminating pigmentation.
3. Night time is the golden time for skin to repair itself, so ensuring enough sleep can also control the growth of pigmentation.
6. What to know about medical knowledge
10 healthy longevity "shortcut"
1, get up early and a cup of water
The International Journal of Cancer published an article that said, get up in the morning and drink a cup of hot tea, especially Pu-erh Tea, can allow people to change the chances of kidney cancer reduced by 15%.
2, sleep time moderate
British scientists' research shows that more than 9 hours of sleep a day, live less than 6 hours will damage the life of people.
3, insist on drinking red wine
The polyphenols contained in red wine can promote the body's absorption of embolic fat.
4, often adhere to the neck
A U.S. study found that minor thyroid problems may speak of patients with heart disease incidence increased by 65%, so neck abnormalities should be checked early.
5, backward 45 degrees sitting position
Canadian researchers found that when people sit straight, the spine will be moved tension. Adjusting the back of the seat to tilt it back 45 degrees can make people healthier.
6, careful use of air fresheners
Some air fresheners contain titanate, which can interfere with the secretion of human hormones.
7, enhance resistance
The Journal of Internal Medicine published a report showing that taking 400 international units of vitamin D per day can reduce premature death by 7%.
8, less spray fresheners
Consumption of spray cleaners once a week can increase asthma rates by 76%, preferably with a rag.
9, steam some cauliflower to eat
Italian researchers found that the concentration of the anti-cancer substance glucuronide in steamed cauliflower increased by 30%, and boiled cauliflower reduces its concentration.
10, every hour to get up and move
Obesity is sitting out, so when watching TV, reading books, surfing the Internet, every hour to get up and move.
7. Essentials of Nursing Basics
Formation of Nursing: 1. Nursing in the early days of mankind - doctors and witches are not differentiated 2. Nursing in the Middle Ages - hospitals arose from the nuns as, 3. Renaissance - became an independent and noble profession, 4. Reformation - the Dark Ages; The basic tasks of nursing: to alleviate pain, to prevent disease, to restore health, to promote health The hospital's Physical environment; space, temperature, humidity, ventilation, light, sound, decoration; where the distance between beds shall not be less than one meter between beds beds should be curtained when necessary.
The temperature of the general hospital room is 18~22, and the temperature of the hospital room for newborns and the elderly should be maintained at 22~24. The humidity of the hospital room is 50%~60%.
Open the window for 30 minutes to achieve the purpose of replacing indoor air. The ideal noise intensity in the hospital during the day should be maintained at 35~45 decibels. Nursing staff should do "four light" that is to say light, walk light, operate light, open and close the door light.
The operating room should be decorated in green or blue to give patients a sense of quiet trust! Hospital interpersonal relationships are: nurse-patient relationship, patient relationship, the relationship between the patient and other personnel. Patient bed unit refers to the hospitalization during the medical institutions to supply the patient with the use of furniture and equipment it is the patient's rest, sleep, diet and excretion activities and treatment of the most basic unit of life.
The bed-making method has a spare bed, temporary empty bed, anesthesia bed, bedridden patient bed organization, in the operation of moving the bedside table about 20 cm, bedside chair 15 cm. Nursing admission patient admission procedures: admission procedures, the implementation of health disposal, escorting patients into the hospital area. General patient care after admission: prepare the bed unit, meet new patients, measure the patient's temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure and weight, when necessary, measure height and record, notify the doctor to visit the patient, if necessary, to assist in physical examination or treatment, fill out the admission case and the relevant nursing forms (fill out the inpatient cases page by page in the eyebrow column and a variety of forms, with a red pen, in the temperature list between the corresponding day of admission and the time of admission to the column of the vertical writing admission time) Record the first basic vital signs and height and weight to fill out the admission registration card diagnostic card bedside card), make a good introduction and guidance, according to the doctor's orders to implement the treatment and care measures, admission nursing assessment.
Nursing care for emergency patients after admission to the hospital; prepare bed units, prepare first aid items and medicines, cooperate with the resuscitation, and temporarily stay with the accompanying personnel Classified care; according to the severity of the condition and the patient's ability to take care of themselves, the level of nursing care is divided into four levels, that is, special nursing care, first-class nursing care, second-class nursing care, and tertiary nursing care. The nursing object of special care; the patient's condition is critical and needs to be observed at any time for resuscitation.
(Such as severe trauma complex and difficult major surgery after organ transplantation, large area burns and serious internal diseases.) The content of nursing; arrange special 24-hour care, closely observe the condition and vital signs changes, develop a nursing plan, strictly implement the diagnosis and treatment and nursing measures, timely and accurately fill in the special nursing records, ready for first aid drugs and medicines, do a good job of basic care, and prevent complications to ensure that the patient's safety.
First-class care; applicable object; the patient's condition is critical and needs absolute rest. (such as a variety of major surgery, shock, coma, paralysis, high fever, hemorrhage, hepatic and renal failure and preterm infants, etc.) Nursing content; every 15-30 minutes to visit the patient to observe the condition and changes in vital signs; the development of nursing plans, the strict implementation of all diagnostic and treatment and nursing care measures, fill out the special care records timely and accurately; do a good job of basic nursing care to prevent complications, to meet the patient's physical and mental needs.
Secondary care, applicable to the object; the patient's condition is more serious, life can not take care of themselves, (such as major surgery after the stabilization of the condition, as well as the elderly and frail, chronic disease is not easy to do more activities, young children, etc.) Nursing content; every 1 ~ 2 hours to visit the patient to observe the condition; according to the nursing routine care: to give the necessary life and heart support to meet the patient's physical and mental needs. Tertiary care, applicable to the object; the patient's condition is mild, life can basically take care of themselves.
(such as general chronic diseases, disease recovery and choose the preparatory stage before surgery, etc.) Nursing content: visit the patient twice a day to observe the condition; according to the nursing routine care; to give health care guidance, urge patients to comply with the hospital rules, to meet the physical and mental needs of patients. Chapter 4 Comfort and Safety Comfort; is a sense of self that the individual is in a relaxed, satisfied, comfortable, no anxiety, no pain, healthy, peaceful state.
Uncomfortable; the individual is physically and mentally unsound or defective, physiological and psychological needs can not be fully satisfied a sense of self, pain is the most serious form of manifestation of discomfort. The principles of caring for uncomfortable patients are: prevention as the mainstay, promote patient comfort; strengthen observation, discover the causes of discomfort in time; take effective measures to eliminate or alleviate discomfort; and trust each other and give psychological support.
Reclining position; classification of recumbent position; active recumbent position, passive recumbent position and forced recumbent position. Change *** at least every two hours.
Commonly used lying position; supine position (supine position to the pillow ~ anesthesia patients; concave position ~ shock patients; bent knee supine position ~ abdominal examination, catheterization of patients;), lateral position (***, *** examination and with the gastroscope, enteroscopy, intramuscular injection, prevention of pressure ulcers), semi-sitting position (face and neck surgery patients, cardiopulmonary disease caused by dyspnea patients, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic surgery patients with inflammation, patients recovering from surgery), semi-sitting position (facial and neck surgery patients, cardiopulmonary diseases caused by dyspnea, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic surgery patients). Sitting position (patients with heart failure, pericardial effusion, bronchial asthma attacks), prone position (lumbar back examination or with cholangiopancreatography, spinal surgery, abdominal pain caused by gastrointestinal distension), head-low-feet-high position (drainage of pulmonary secretions, duodenal drainage, premature rupture of membranes in pregnancy, traction of the heel bone and tibial tuberosity), head-high-feet-low position (patients with cervical spine fracture), head-high-feet-high position (patients with cervical spine fracture), head-high-feet-high position (patients with cervical spine fracture), head-high-feet-high position (patients with cervical spine fracture) Low position (cranial traction for patients with cervical spine fracture, counter-traction, prevention of cerebral edema, patients after cranio-cerebral surgery), knee-chest position (***, rectal, sigmoidoscopy, correction of fetal malposition or uterine anterior tilt, promotion of post-partum uterine recovery), truncal position (examination of the perineum *** part of the perineum, maternal labor and delivery) Concept of pain; refers to the subjective sensation accompanied by the existing or potential tissue damage is the body's response to a harmful defense *** a form of pain. (Harmful *** a defensive response of the organism) Characteristics of pain 1. Pain is a warning of danger to the individual of aggression; 2. Pain is a feeling of physical and mental discomfort; 3. Pain is often accompanied by physical, behavioral and emotional responses. Nursing assessment of pain; what to assess; site of pain, duration of pain, nature of pain, magnitude of pain, expression of pain . The World Health Organization divides pain into four levels, which are; level 0, painless;.