1 Single evaluation method
2 Comprehensive bid evaluation method
3 Reasonable unit price evaluation method
Commonly used methods of bid evaluation
1 Single evaluation method
Single evaluation method, also known as the single-factor evaluation method, the low-bid method is a kind of bidder's bidding price is only to carry on the deliberation so as to determine the Successful bidder bid evaluation method, mainly for small projects.
The main feature of the single evaluation method is that only the price factor is evaluated, without taking into account other factors, the low bidder won the bid. Of course, the other factors not taken into account here, in fact, in the qualification examination has been passed, but not as a bid evaluation and finalization considerations, and therefore not a decisive factor in the success or failure of the bidder competition.
The use of single evaluation method of bidding, the only factor that determines the success or failure of the bid is the price. But can not simply think, the lower the bid the more can win. The general practice is that, through the tender analysis, comparison, after the initial review, screening out the low bid, through further clarification and defense, after the final review to prove that the low bid is indeed practicable, appropriate measures for a reasonable low bid, it is determined that the reasonable low bid won the bid. The reasonably low bid is not necessarily the lowest bid. Therefore, the single evaluation method can be the lowest bidder, but does not guarantee that the lowest bid will win.
The use of single evaluation method of bidding price evaluation method is varied, there are mainly the following three types of representative mode:
(1) the bidding price and bidding price comparison evaluation method
This method is the bidder's bidding price is directly with the bidding management organization after the validation of the bidding price comparison to the bidding price as a basis for judgment The bidding price as the basis for judging the advantages and disadvantages of the bidding price, the evaluation of the bidding is recognized as a reasonably low bidding price of the bidding price that can win.
(2) will be compared with each other bidding evaluation method
From the purely meritocratic point of view, the bidder's bidding without any restrictions, without any additional conditions, only the bidder's bidding price compared with each other, not compared with the tender price, the evaluation of bidding confirmed that bidding price is the lowest price or the second-lowest price (i.e., for the reasonably low bidding price), you can win the bid.
This evaluation method of the tender price, the advantage is to give the bidder full autonomy of the freedom of quotation, the confidentiality of the tender is not a problem, the evaluation of the tender work is relatively simple. The shortcomings are, the bidder need not prepare the tender, or although there is a tender, but it is virtually non-existent, do not play a role, thus leading to the bidder's expectations of the tender price and the identity of the heart of the countless, in fact, in a kind of blind state, it is difficult to say whether the science, reasonable. And bidders in order to win the bidding will often go to the vicious competition, but also very easy to form collusive bidding.
(3) the bidding price and the reserve price combined with the bidder's offer factors for comparison of the evaluation method
This method is characterized by the use of a price that can be used as a reference for bid evaluation and pricing. The evaluation of the bidding as a reference price, is the bidding price closest to the price can win the bid, we call it "the best evaluation price".
2 comprehensive bid evaluation method
Comprehensive evaluation method, is the price, construction organization design (or construction program), the project manager's qualifications and performance, quality, schedule, reputation and performance and other factors to determine the winning bid evaluation method. It is the most widely used method of bid evaluation and determination, everywhere usually use this method.
Comprehensive evaluation method according to the specific analysis of different ways, can be divided into qualitative comprehensive evaluation method and quantitative comprehensive evaluation method.
(1) qualitative comprehensive evaluation method (evaluation method)
Qualitative comprehensive evaluation method, also known as the evaluation method. The usual practice is, by the bid evaluation organization of the project price, duration, quality, construction organization design, major material consumption, safety measures, performance, reputation and other evaluation indicators, sub-items of qualitative comparative analysis, comprehensive consideration, after deliberation, selected by the majority of the bid evaluation organization members believe that the conditions of the bidder for the winning bidder, can also be used to determine the way of voting by secret ballot or by secret ballot. Successful bidder. Qualitative evaluation method is characterized by not quantifying the evaluation indexes. It is a qualitative preference method. Using qualitative comprehensive evaluation method, generally according to the order from the best to the worst, the bidders ranked, ranked first both for the successful bidder. But when the bidders more than a certain number (such as more than five), you can choose the second place in the ranking of the bidders for the winning bidder.
The use of qualitative and comprehensive evaluation method, is conducive to the evaluation of the direct dialogue and communication between members of the organization, can fully reflect the different views, in a wide range of in-depth discussion, analysis, based on the majority of people to focus on the views of the majority of people, and is generally relatively simple and easy to implement. However, this method, the evaluation standard is more flexible, the measure is not specific, the understanding of each person may be far apart, resulting in the evaluation of the bidding opinion is too large, will make the evaluation of the bidding decision is difficult, not convincing.
(2) quantitative comprehensive evaluation method (scoring method, percentage method)
Quantitative comprehensive evaluation method, also known as the scoring method, percentage scoring evaluation method (percentage method). The usual practice is, in advance, in the bidding documents or evaluation of bidding methods will be assessed in the classification, the formation of a number of evaluation factors, and to determine the evaluation of factors in the percent of the proportion and scoring standards, after the opening of the bid by each member of the bidding organization in accordance with the scoring rules, the use of anonymous scoring, and finally statistics on the score of the bidders, the highest scores (first in the order of precedence) or the next highest (second) for the successful bidder. The one with the highest score (the first in the order) or the second highest (the second in the order) is the successful bidder.
The quantitative and comprehensive evaluation method, in principle, the implementation of the highest score of the bidder as the winning bidder. But when the tender works in a certain limit (such as 10 million yuan) or more, the highest scorer and the next highest scorer of the total score gap is not large (such as the gap is only within 2 points), and the next highest scorer of the offer than the highest scorer of the offer is low to a certain amount (such as low 2% or more), you can choose the next highest scorer for the winning bidder. In this regard, in the development of bid evaluation and finalization methods, should make a detailed description.
The main feature of quantitative comprehensive evaluation method is to quantify the evaluation factors. The quantification of the evaluation factors is a more complex issue, the practice varies from place to place. Theoretically speaking, the evaluation factors indicators set and scoring criteria points allocation, should fully reflect the overall quality and comprehensive strength of the enterprise, accurately reflect the open, fair and just law of the bidding, so that good quality, high reputation, reasonable price, strong technology, excellent program can win the bid.
3 reasonable unit price evaluation method
"Reasonably low price evaluation method" should be "the lowest bid" evaluation method of an abandonment, optimize the competitive side of the existence of its side, abandon the side of the vicious competition can not be excluded, to achieve orderly competition. Purpose. At present, how to lower than the cost of the vicious bidding excluded from the bidding price, is the "reasonable low bid evaluation method" facing the main task. Therefore, it can be considered that the "reasonable low bid evaluation method" is a bid evaluation method that selects the lowest bidding candidate to win the bidding on the premise that each bidder meets the substantive requirements of the bidding documents, and that the lowest bidding candidate is selected from among the quotations that are not lower than the individual cost of the enterprise. At the same time, we should also take into account that we cannot rule out the possibility of enterprises pursuing other development purposes, especially new enterprises or expanding enterprises, or training personnel, or occupying regional markets, temporarily bidding below cost, and then through the learning curve and economies of scale to reduce costs and gain advantages. The "individual costs of the enterprise" should be understood in a dynamic way. If an enterprise can prove that its low bid is the result of rational calculation, it should theoretically accept it even if it is temporarily below cost, in order to obtain a win-win situation. In order to accurately define the reasonable low price, can start from the following aspects:
(1) the total bid price
Currently using the bill of quantities bidding, the total bid price is still a very important evaluation factor, it is the bidder combined with the characteristics of the project and their own situation of the summary of the independent offer is the bidder's offer level of the comprehensive reflection, but also the bidder to control the cost of the project based on the premise that the bidding documents must be calculated in the audit of the offer documents, and the bidding documents must be calculated in the audit of the offer documents. It is necessary to evaluate the calculation and review of the offer documents. Specific methods are: ① no bidding, the average of valid bidders quotes for the benchmark price to develop a reasonable range of economic bid evaluation, beyond which the bidding price is considered unreasonable. ② have a bid (social average), can be a certain percentage of the maximum control line, a certain percentage of the minimum control line, where the bidding price exceeds the control line of the bidders, no longer participate in the evaluation of bids. Evaluation of bids in accordance with the evaluation of the evaluation methods specified in the evaluation content, indicators and reasonable range of standards, evaluation of a reasonable bidding price, the lowest total bidder for the successful candidate.
(2) comprehensive unit price
Under the fixed price model, the consumption index and basic unit price formulated by the government authorities, can not truly reflect the bidder's individual cost and price level, the bidding and tendering parties can not be priced on their own, in addition to the government regulations and design changes, the project cost and the amount of construction generally are not allowed to adjust the price of the project is in fact only use the total price of the bidding price to reflect the price level of the project. In fact, only the total bid price reflects the price level of the project. The bill of quantities bidding generally abide by the "after winning the bid, the comprehensive unit price remains unchanged, the volume of work adjusted according to the actual" principle, the total bid price does not truly reflect the price level of the project. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the comprehensive unit price of the bidders to analyze and evaluate the link, in order to timely discover the imbalance of the offer factors, to avoid the implementation and settlement of hidden dangers, damage to the interests of a party. Specific evaluation methods can be evaluated as described above the total price.
(3) analysis of non-competitive costs
Non-competitive costs include: (1) national, provincial financial and pricing departments, the bidder to undertake the bidding for the construction of the project should be paid a variety of fees; (2) the cost of safety and civilization construction measures at the construction site; (3) taxes; (4) the bidding documents stipulated in the tentative items; (5) the cost of A-supplied materials and equipment; (6) regulations and other non-competitive costs stipulated in the regulations, etc. If the bidder reduces the standard of non-competitive costs in the bid evaluation process, or if the bidder is lower than the standard of the minimum control line recently issued by the cost management department, the bidder shall submit the relevant explanatory information in the bidding document, and the bidder shall be regarded as bidding for the price below the cost if he fails to submit the relevant explanatory information and certifying materials, or if the relevant explanatory information or certifying materials cannot explain the reasons for the reduction well.
(4) Analysis of Competitive Costs
Competitive costs include: (1) labor wages (including basic wages, various allowances, subsidies, etc.), material prices, and unit prices of machinery; (2) consumption of labor, materials, and machinery; (3) costs of measures other than on-site safety and civilization construction measures; (4) management costs; (5) profits; (6) other competitive costs, etc. Analyze the consumption of manpower, materials and machines of major sub-projects and units, analyze the cost of major measures, and analyze the rate of management fee and profit. The phenomenon of excessive outrageousness should be found to be of special concern.
In short, in the bid evaluation process, each method is not a fixed use, in the bid evaluation process should be based on the specific actual situation to choose the bid evaluation method for reasonable bid evaluation, truly fair and just.