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Introduction of Kunming Black Dragon Pool Scenic Spot:
Heilongtan is known as the First Ancient Ancestral Shrine of Central Yunnan. At the same time, it is also famous for the four best. The so-called four best, namely, Tang Plum, Song Cypress, Ming Tea and Ming Tomb.
Heilongtan is located in the northern suburbs of Kunming City, Longquan Mountain, at the foot of the five old peak. The Han Book of Geography records that there is a black water shrine in the northwest of Dianchi County, Yizhou County. Ruan Yuan, governor of Yunnan and Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty, proved that: Dianchi County has a black water shrine, cover this place, or between Tang Mei Songbai for the old site, the Dragon God Temple is down to move the person. That is to say that the Han Dynasty Black Water Shrine is now the Black Dragon Pool Taoist temple, which is the first place of interest in Yunnan. Because of the legend of Yunnan dragon king black dragon's dragon palace is here, here the pool of water and will not dry up all year round, so later called the black dragon pool. Since the Tang and Song dynasties, the people of Kunming have been going to the Black Dragon Pool to pray for rain. At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Qian Guo Gong Mu built a big construction here, renamed the Dragon God Shrine as Black Dragon Palace, and the whole Longquan Guan took shape. Since then, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the governor of Yunnan has repaired Longquan Guan many times, and the system has been continuously improved. During the Republic of China, it was called Longquan Park.
Shuo Qing, a Manchu poet in the Qing Dynasty, once wrote a couplet: a pool of water with two trees of plum blossoms, and a mountain with half a cloud of smoke and rain at four times. The short fourteen words accurately summarize the main landscape and natural scenery of Heilongtan.
Today's Heilongtan building is divided into two Taoist temples. The lower Black Dragon Palace, which is said to have been built in 1454, is a two-courtyard building. In the outer courtyard, there is an incense burner with bagua engraved on the front and back sides, and the Big Dipper on the two sides, which are used by Taoists to drive away demons and evil spirits. In the courtyard of the pool in a realistic form of the black dragon sculpture playing water. Legend has it that it is the king of all dragons in charge of raising clouds and sowing rain in Yunnan. Dragon Temple can also be seen coiled around the center column of the black and yellow dragons, as well as the altar enshrined on the Dragon King and the God of Thunder and mother electricity, rainmaker wind and some of the gods in charge of the rain. 2003 the end of the year, Heilongtan Park restoration of the year engraved Lin Zexu's a couplet hanging on the pillar of the Black Dragon Palace, coupling and the Temple of Dragon Temple enshrinement and the atmosphere is quite apt for the Heilongtan Park to add a cultural and historical connotations: the Dragon friends for the Spirit, spreading the virtues of Zedai; The spring god transforms the gas, the rain moistens the spring mountain.
Black Dragon Palace in front of the two trees is a pool of water in the pool of water. Before and after the two pools of pool water connected, the center of the stone bridge as a boundary. The left is muddy water pool, it has an area of 2600 square meters, water depth of 50 cm. On the right is the clear water pool, there are 600 square meters, the average depth of water is 7 meters, the deepest depth is 11 meters, the storage capacity of 4400 cubic meters. It is the Black Dragon Pool. The two pools are connected, but the water color is very different and distinct, like the Taoist yin and yang half of the Tai Chi diagram. This is mainly because the water of the clear water pool is deep, the spring water gushes out from the bottom of the pool, so the water color is clear; while the water of the muddy water pool is shallow, coupled with mud and water flowing down the hillside into the pool after the rain, so the water of the pool is turbid. Standing on the bridge, you can find a strange scene: two pools intersect the fish do not go, a bridge across the water color difference.
Not far from the bridge, is one of the four best Ming tomb. It is the tomb of Xue Erwang, a loyal and righteous man of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and his whole family. Xue Erwang is the end of the Ming and early Qing dynasty in Kunming a scholar. According to the Ming History, during the Xinchou period of Shunzhi (the 15th year of the Yongli reign of the Southern Ming Dynasty, 1661 AD), Wu Sangui led the Qing troops to pursue the Yongli Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, who was defeated from Kunming and left for Burma. Xue Erwang saw the southern Ming Dynasty is gone, sighing: can not back the city war, the king and ministers with the death of the gods, so want to go to the barbarians to live, heavy can be ashamed of it! I do not hesitate to seven feet body for the world to understand the righteousness. With his wife, son and daughter-in-law grandchildren to throw the pool martyrdom, later called the loyal and righteous people, for its tomb in memory. Next to the tomb there was a memorial pavilion, the name of the clouds. In the pavilion was hung in the Qing dynasty during the Kangxi period Yunnan press commissioner Xu Hongxun wrote a couplet: cold pool thousands of years clean, a bunch of jade bone fragrance. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Yunnan economic special subject scholar Yuan Jiagu also wrote a couplet, praising its quality: support a generation of program, the showman really to the world; serving a thousand years of altar and bean, I am in the middle of the water. Now, Yuan's couplet hangs in the Black Dragon Palace and is written by a descendant. Xue Erwang family originally lived in Kunming Xiao Dongmen outside Xue Jiaxiang (now Taoyuan Elementary School site). Here there was Yuan Jaguar inscription of the Ming Zhongyi Xue Erwang hometown monument, this monument is now stored in the Black Dragon Lake Monument Museum.
Hunshui Lake north of the foot of the mountain there is a stone pagoda. The front of the square is engraved with the four characters of dragon and tiger, and the back is engraved with the four characters of water and sky. There are two stone lions in front of the workshop and two stone elephants behind the workshop. In Buddhism, there is a saying that green lions offer good fortune and white elephants present good luck. So, just from this stone workshop and Ming tomb, we can see that many temple buildings in China are characterized by the unity of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.
Behind the stone workshop is the upper view of Longquan Guan. The gate of the mountain is the Purple Pole Xuan Du pagoda. According to Taoism, Zi Ji Xuan Du also means the place where the Great Emperor of the North Pole in Zi Wei and all the gods and goddesses live.
When you walk through the gate, you will see the four big characters of Han Heishui Shrine, which is said to have been written by Ruan Yuan, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty. Behind is the Ancestor's Hall, the courtyard of the gossip copper tripod cast in the Qing Dynasty Daoguang twenty-five years (1845), on the seal script 28 lodging name, tripod height of 1.58 meters, weighing 2.5 tons. Said Yunnan is the Kingdom of non-ferrous metals, visible here.
The center of the stone steps in front of the Ancestor's Hall, inlaid with a huge stone plate, on which are carved two black cloud dragons playing with night pearl. The night pearl that the dragons are playing with is said to have evolved from the ancient Chinese Xuan Yuan mirror, a symbol of China. The dragons playing with the pearl would mean that the divine dragon is defending the land of China.
There are two paintings on the walls on either side of the front of the temple. The one on the east side is the green dragon spitting out water and the one on the west side is the white tiger looking at the moon. The green dragon and the white tiger are two of the four elephants of the four directions of the Taoist gods (the other two elephants are the Vermilion Bird in the south and the Xuanwu in the north). Inside the gates of some Taoist temples, they are often portrayed as two mighty gods and generals, whose duty is to guard the gates of the Taoist temples, just like the humming two generals in front of the gates of Buddhist temples.
The famous Three Different Trees of Black Dragon Lake are located in front of the Ancestor's Hall. The Tang Plum with horizontal curved branches is rumored to have been hand-planted by monk Daoan during the Tang Nanzhao period as two plants, one lying and one standing. That's why Shuoqing wrote about two trees of plum blossoms and a pool of water. Unfortunately, they have all died one after another, and the current one is a quarter of the branches of the original Tang Plum one. This plum tree belongs to the red plum, don't look at it is old, every Spring Festival eve counts it the earliest blossom, pink heavy petal flowers, fragrant. Ruan Yuan once wrote two poems in praise of the Tang plum tree:
The thousand-year-old plum blossoms in a thousand-foot pool, the spring breeze first came to the colorful Yunnan Province.
The fragrance blows the flute of Mengfeng Guzi, and the shadow accompanies the niche of Tianlong Shifu.
The Jade Axe was once scratched outside the map, and the Lixu Pearl was often explored in the water.
It is only Li Du's fault that he did not have a title, and he did not talk about it with Ji Di, the absconder.
Song Kaifu has a heart of stone, and the ancient plum blossom has a soul of jade and ice.
Bian Gong since the bad fresh in the hand, the immortal tree returned to the family of Nanzhao.
Today there is much rain and dew in peace, but in the past there were thousands of miles of smoke and haze.
The old dragon, if you see the three vicissitudes of the sea, try to compare the years with the fragrant forest.
These two poems are engraved on a stone tablet in the Ben Guan Monument Hall. The author of the Tangmei through the vicissitudes of time, reviewing the history of Yunnan, full of love for the motherland border magical land.
Now, Heilongtan Park in the back of the hill widely planted plum trees, red, white and green plum nearly 90 varieties of more than 6,000 plants, constituting a new landscape, named Longquan explore plum, is one of the new sixteen scenes in Kunming. The Black Dragon Lake Plum Garden covers an area of 427 acres and is one of the largest plum gardens in China at present.
Tang Plum is next to the Song Cypress, 28 meters high, straight into the clouds, dense foliage, the ancient roots of the knot, is the view of the existing most majestic and upright ancient wood, has been eight or nine hundred years of history. Yuan Jiagu had given "Song cypress line" poem: frost full read eight hundred years, cypress body old color does not change. Ask the cypress why it does not change as it ages, and insist that there is a sexual root in it. This poem not only praises the cypress still full of vigor after the frost, but also expresses the author's lofty aspirations, lyrical philosophy into one, with a profound meaning.
Ming Dynasty planted camellia tree is also in the yard. Late winter and early spring, other camellias are still budding, it has been red like fire, colorful as peach blossoms. Variety called early peach red. Yunnan Camellia A world. Indeed, Dianzhong flowers and trees, camellia is second to none, ranked first in Yunnan eight flowers, and is the city of Kunming flower. Ming Dynasty poet bear had written such a poem in praise of camellia: cold colorful spring hi rotten, camellia according to the spectrum A in Dian. Tree head ten thousand all swallow fire, the snow burns red half of the sky. This poem graphically depicts the beautiful Camellia braved the frost and snow and spit color, send strong feelings in the cold, brilliant as the sunrise angry, is not comparable to other trees.
Tang Mei, Song Cypress, Ming tea and known as the Blackwater Shrine in the three different wood. 1961 Guo Moruo traveled to the Black Dragon Lake had a poem praising: tea tree early peach red, hundreds of Tongyun Xiaoyao in. Wake up Tang Mei open eyes tired, accompanied by Song Cypress double posture male. Cuiwei pen for the sky for the paper, the graceful horizontal ground spit red. The three different trees in the Blackwater Shrine have been celebrating the East Wind for thousands of years. This poem is now engraved on the monument in front of the Guanzhong Ming tea flower bed.
Real people in the Hall on display since the Ming Dynasty on the Heilongtan tablet twenty square, so the Hall is also known as the Pavilion or Tablet Hall. One of the tablets is engraved with the image of Li Jun. Tang Mei, Song Cypress on the inscription, you can appreciate the year Tang Mei iron bone dragon posture and Song Cypress iron stem over the sky. The content of the poem of plum is exactly the two poems of Ruan Yuan about plum, which was introduced earlier. In addition, there are a large number of precious tablets such as the monumental records of repairing the Black Dragon Pool in the past generations. The poems, calligraphy, paintings and carvings are all gathered in one pavilion, which are not only valuable cultural relics but also art treasures. The most striking stele is the Dao Fu Stele, also known as the convex character stele. In fact, it is a concave engraved stele. The inscription is in four big words: "All things are born". Its meaning summarizes the Taoist doctrine of the creation of all things by the Tao: the Tao gives birth to one, the Tao gives birth to two, the Tao gives birth to two, the Tao gives birth to two, the Tao gives birth to three, and the Tao gives birth to three, and the Tao gives birth to all things. This piece of fine engraving, light, dark and light changes, so that people often have the illusion of vision, the actual concave font carved in the wrong way that is carved convex out of the sun. Therefore, people generally call it a convex character monument. This tablet was carved according to the symbols written by Liu Yuanran, a famous Taoist priest in the Ming Dynasty. Liu Yuanran (1351-1432), a Taoist priest of the Ming Dynasty, was a native of Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province, and was the ancestor of the Changchun School of Taoism. He was originally a descendant of the Quanzhen Longmen Sect, and was familiar with talisman_ and alchemy. He was once bestowed with the favor of Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di, and was in charge of Taoism in the world. Later, he disobeyed the powerful and was banished to Yunnan. After arriving in Kunming, he lived in Heilongtan to preach Taoism and founded the Changchun Sect. Since all the schools of Taoism are collectively known as Zheng Yi Dao, Liu Yuanran is said to be a dual monk of Quanzhenism and Zheng Yiism. During his stay in Kunming, he had a great influence on the development of Kunming Taoism.
There is a remarkable tower on the top of the mountain north of Longquan Guan. The name of the wind tower, 13 meters high seven octagonal octagonal eaves solid, for the block stone, built in the era of no examination, the Qing Xianfeng two years (1852) was rebuilt. Tower engraved with several couplets, one of the clouds: Taiji south spinning double mirror moon, fixed wind north face a pot of heaven. Longquan Mountain is also known as Taiji Mountain. The first couplet is written on the south side of Taiji Mountain clear, muddy two pools of water like two mirrors reflecting the moon; the second couplet says that the tower is like the north of the cold wind will be fixed in a pot of wind in the sky.
Heilongtan Park, in addition to the Plum Garden, there are osmanthus garden, azalea valley, red maple forest, as well as bamboo garden, pine garden, autumn garden and nursery and other gardens. Located in the east of the Black Dragon Lake, halfway up the hill among the pines and cypresses is the Martyrs' Cemetery, where the three martyrs Wang Desan, Wu Cheng and Ma Dengyun, as well as the martyrs Wang Fusheng, Zhang Fang and Liu Pingkai are buried. The cemetery is a key cultural relics protection unit in Yunnan Province and a provincial patriotic education base.
It is worth mentioning that during the Anti-Japanese War, many units in the mainland and coastal moved to Kunming. North Calm Biological Survey and the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, Yunnan Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Botany, and selected Heilongtan Longquan Park, all the palace premises and garden as the site, Kunming City, also commissioned the Institute researcher Cai Xitao for the Longquan Park's manager. Yunnan Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Botany is the predecessor of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Soon, the National Beiping Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry Institute also moved to Longquan Park, the Institute of Physics, the predecessor of the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The director was the famous physicist Yan Ji-Chi. Today, in the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the showroom, also hangs a picture of the war period in Longquan Park, the Black Dragon Palace of the old photos. In the photo, the bar-shaped sign of Yunnan Agricultural and Forestry Botanical Research Institute hangs on the doorpost of the Black Dragon Palace. At that time, Wu Zhengyi, a young teacher at the Southwest United University of China (SWU), often brought biology students from SWU to visit the institute for internship. Wu Zhengyi returned to Kunming from Beijing in 1958 to become the director of the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and became a senior academician of CAS.