Rural Pig Raising Technology
Hello~
The things involved in the pig raising industry cannot be explained clearly in a few sentences on the Internet. , this involves great economics and medicine, which cannot be learned by typing on the keyboard, but I can give you some suggestions, after all, I have been involved in this industry.
First. If you raise a farm in a rural area, if the number is less than 300, you can't even talk about management. You can be the boss, the breeder, and the cleaner.
Secondly, if pig farming is small-scale (less than 200 pigs), it is best to have a better atmosphere. The atmosphere includes sales, treatment, purchasing (pig seedlings and feed), etc. If you do not have this atmosphere, you will feel very powerless when there are many difficulties in raising pigs, even if they are small ones.
Also. For sales, you can do retail (put it in a slaughterhouse or even a farmer's market), that is, sell it one by one, and have customers come to buy it. The former is a last resort. Don't develop like that unless it is absolutely necessary. It is not good for the growth of pigs. If you have to wait until someone else comes to buy it, there are many things involved, including grasping the information. Width of network. Wait~
Thinking of this for now, I wish you good luck
What is the country’s policy on rural pig farming?
1. Increase support for pig production. Developing production is the basis for stabilizing market supply. We must be based on the country and adopt comprehensive and effective policies and measures to promote the recovery of pig production as soon as possible and meet the living needs of the people.
(1) Establish a subsidy system for reproductive sows. In order to protect the production capacity of reproductive sows, the state provides subsidies to farmers (farms) that raise reproductive sows at a subsidy standard of 50 yuan per head.
All localities should quickly formulate specific plans and distribute the subsidy funds allocated by the central government and local matching funds to the hands of breeders of reproductive sows as soon as possible. Where conditions permit, subsidy standards can be appropriately increased.
(2) Actively promote the insurance of reproductive sows. In order to effectively reduce the risks of raising fertile sows and encourage the production of fertile sows, the state has established an insurance system for fertile sows, with 80% of the premiums borne by *** and 20% borne by farmers (farms).
The central government provides differential subsidies to the central and western regions. All localities should actively support insurance institutions to carry out reproductive sow insurance business and encourage farmers (farms) to take out insurance to prevent risks such as epidemic diseases.
In the future, on the basis of summarizing the insurance work for fertile sows, we should gradually carry out pig insurance and establish a system that combines insurance and subsidies. (3) Improve the pig breeding system.
All localities should increase investment, speed up the construction of original breeding pig farms, and increase the coverage rate of fine breeding pigs. The state will provide appropriate support to key original fine-breeding pig farms, expansion farms, and provincial pig improvement and breeding centers.
Promote the artificial insemination technology of fine-bred pigs in the main pig-producing areas and promote the improvement of pig breeds. The state provides subsidies for the purchase of fine-bred pigs***.
(4) Establish an incentive policy for pigs transferred out of large counties (farms). In order to fully mobilize local enthusiasm for developing large-scale pig production, the state provides appropriate rewards to large counties (farms) that transfer pigs out.
The incentive funds should be used specifically to improve pig production conditions, strengthen epidemic prevention services and provide subsidies for loan risks and premiums. (5) Support the standardized large-scale breeding of pigs.
Implementing standardized large-scale breeding is the development direction of pig production. Local people's governments at all levels must take measures to encourage the construction of large-scale standardized pig breeding farms, guide farmers to establish breeding communities, reduce breeding costs, improve epidemic prevention conditions, and increase pig production capacity.
The state provides appropriate support for the construction of infrastructure such as manure treatment and biogas digesters for standardized-scale pig farms (communities). (6) Accelerate the construction of rural credit guarantee system.
It is necessary to encourage credit guarantee and insurance institutions to expand their business scope and adopt various methods such as joint household guarantees and professional cooperative guarantees to provide credit guarantee and insurance services for loans to large-scale farms and farmers to solve the problem of "swine raising" "Loan Difficulty" problem. Banking financial institutions should provide key support for loans to standardized-scale breeding farms.
Local finance should provide necessary subsidies to guarantee institutions for their pig loan risks. 2. Establish and improve the public pig epidemic prevention service system (1) Strengthen pig epidemic prevention.
We must adhere to prevention first and combine immunization with culling to control pig epidemics. Free compulsory immunization is implemented for national first-class animal diseases and highly pathogenic swine blue-ear disease. The required vaccine funds are jointly borne by the central and local finances, and the central finance provides differential subsidies to different regions.
Other epidemic prevention expenses such as vaccinations shall be included in the fiscal budgets of local people's governments at all levels to guarantee them. For pigs that need to be culled due to epidemic prevention, all localities should provide subsidies to farmers (farms) in accordance with the foot-and-mouth disease culling subsidy standards and burden methods.
Pigs that have died of disease must be resolutely not allowed to be slaughtered, eaten, sold, or transported, and must be treated harmlessly. (2) Strengthen epidemic monitoring and vaccine production and supply.
It is necessary to strictly monitor and report the epidemic situation and grasp the development trend of the epidemic situation in a timely manner. It is necessary to expand the production of vaccines for highly pathogenic porcine PRRS to meet epidemic prevention needs.
Breeding pigs and sows should be the focus of immunization, vaccine allocation should be organized, and vaccine supply should be ensured in areas with severe epidemics. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of vaccine production, supply and use to ensure vaccine quality and safety.
3. Strengthen market regulation and supervision (1) Ensure the supply of major non-staple foods. Since it will take some time for pig production to resume, the task of supplying pigs and other non-staple foods in the second half of this year is quite arduous.
All localities must improve emergency plans to stabilize the supply of pork and effectively ensure that the supply of pork is not out of stock and is not out of stock. At the same time, we must focus on the production of beef, mutton, poultry meat, poultry eggs and other non-staple foods with short production cycles and strong substitutions to meet market needs.
In order to ensure the supply of pork in the second half of this year, especially during the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, the provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government and coastal large and medium-sized cities that mainly sell pork must enrich their local reserves to no less than the 7-day consumption of local residents. quantity. The work of replenishing reserves is organized by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the Ministry of Finance.
Strengthen the connection and cooperation between pork production and marketing areas, improve the emergency transportation mechanism, implement the "green channel" policy for fresh agricultural products, and reduce transportation costs. Guide residents in large and medium-sized cities to eat cold (frozen) pork, consume it scientifically, and promote the development of pork cold chain logistics.
(2) Strengthen market, quality and price supervision of pork and its products. It is necessary to further implement various regulatory measures to prevent water-injected meat, pork that has died of disease, and pork that has not been quarantined or failed to pass quarantine inspection from entering the market, and severely investigates and punishes illegal operations, hoarding, price gouging and other behaviors that disrupt market order.
Clean up and rectify various charges in the pig slaughtering and sales process, ban illegal charges, and reduce the unreasonable burden on operating enterprises (households). 4. Properly arrange the lives of low-income groups and students in colleges and universities. According to the rising prices of pork and other non-staple food, various localities should take measures such as appropriately raising subsistence allowance standards and issuing temporary subsidies to ensure that the living standards of low-income residents do not decrease.
It is necessary to ensure the supply of meat in canteens of colleges and universities, and adopt measures such as direct supply to designated locations and appropriate subsidies to stabilize the price of food in student canteens. Necessary subsidies will be provided to students from families with financial difficulties.
5. Improve the pork reserve system Establish and improve the pork reserve system that combines the central and local governments. Central reserves mainly meet the needs of emergency response and disaster relief; local reserves are mainly used for local emergencies and ensuring holiday market supply.
It is necessary to give full play to the role of the reserve as a reservoir and improve the reserve adjustment function. When the market supply exceeds demand and the price of pigs is too low, the number of reserves must be increased to alleviate the contradiction of farmers' "difficulty selling pigs"; in the market When demand exceeds supply and the price of pigs is too high, more pigs should be put in. 6. Improve statistics on the production and consumption of pigs and other livestock and poultry products. The National Bureau of Statistics should organize local surveys.
Suitable methods for raising pigs in rural areas
Rural pig raising technology
Part 1
Preparation before entering pigs
1. Cleaning and disinfection of pig houses
1. Rinse the new pig pen with clean water without leaving any debris.
2. The rinsed pigsties are fumigated and disinfected with formaldehyde.
3. Seal all doors and windows, including skylights.
Use 7 grams of potassium permanganate + 14 ml of formalin/M3 for fumigation. During the operation, first put the formalin, then add the potassium permanganate, and add it at multiple points.
4. Open the door for ventilation after 24 hours of fumigation.
5. Ventilate for at least 48 hours.
6. After ventilation, let it dry for 5 days before entering the pigs.
7. In addition, the area around the pigsty and the walkways must be disinfected with 5% caustic soda. A foot bath containing 5% caustic soda is placed at the door of each pig house.
2. Preparation of pig house area
1. Prepare enough pig pens with an area of ??0.8m2 for each pig.
2. Boars should be kept separately.
3. Pigs from different sources cannot be kept in the same pig house.
3. Preparation of feed
Prepare feed for half a month (use medium pig feed) based on the feed intake of each pig at 2 kg/day, and try to buy feed from large companies , In addition, prepare a bag of piglet feed (suitable for 15-30 kg pigs)
4. Preparation of drugs
Drug name quantity Drug name quantity Drug name quantity
5 boxes of penicillin, 50 kg of dysentery powder and 3 bottles of purple liquid
20 boxes of aminopyrine VB1 10 boxes of kanamycin 10 boxes
20 boxes of dysentery injection VC 10 boxes of Baidu Kill 5 boxes
Oxytetracycline powder 50kg VK 5 boxes
Pioneer V No. 10 boxes of Sulfonamide-6-methoxy injection 10 boxes 10% glucose 10 boxes
5. Preparation of simple medical equipment
3 20 ml metal syringes, 10 infusion tubes
10 boxes of 16-25 needles (small size) ) 10 pieces
10 boxes of 16-38 needles, 1 tube of suture (catgut)
10 boxes of 12-25 needles, 2 scalpels
6. Preparation of vaccines
Vaccines
Swine fever (attenuated vaccine), foot-and-mouth disease (concentrated vaccine), pseudorabies (inactivated vaccine), parvovirus (inactivated vaccine), For PRRS (inactivated vaccine), the number of heads is determined based on the number of pigs entered.
7. Work clothes and equipment
1. One set of work clothes for each person, and clothes for outsiders are also provided.
2. Rubber shoes (medium height).
3. Tools such as: brooms, shovels, and manure trucks, etc.
What are the advantages of rural-scale pig farming?
2. The economic benefits are relatively good. The equipment of pig farms of this scale is not as good as that of factory pig farms, but it pays attention to practicality and pays attention to the combination with China's national conditions. The investment and production costs of farm construction are low. If the operation If done properly, the economic benefits will be better, so it is suitable for the current rural economic level and management level. It is also the main form of pig farming at present.
3. It is conducive to the construction of large-scale pig farms in new rural areas. It has adopted updated science and technology, learned lessons from past farms, and has a good foundation for building farms. In particular, most of these pig farms are run by individuals. In investment and operation, the employees are local and local farmers, absorbing the rural surplus labor force, and the feed and manure are directly used to fertilize the fields, which is of great significance to the coordinated development of rural areas and the creation of a new socialist countryside. 4. Others: This kind of pig farm provides demonstrations for local pig farmers in terms of pig breeds, feed, epidemic prevention, feeding management, technology, etc., and promotes the development of the pig industry.
Is it illegal to raise pigs at home in rural areas?
Not illegal.
Precautions for rural pig raising:
1. The restrictions on rural pig raising are mainly for large-scale breeding farms, which require that their location cannot be located in environmentally sensitive areas (such as residential areas) ), there must be a certain sanitary protection distance from sensitive areas (to prevent odor pollution from pig manure and urine), basic farmland must not be occupied, and pre-treatment facilities (mainly sedimentation tanks) containing pig manure and urine pollutants, and composting sites must be protected from Osmosis etc. Pig farms must conduct environmental impact assessments and prepare different environmental impact assessment documents based on the number of pigs raised, floor area, and environmental sensitivity, etc., and usually require a scale of more than 200 pigs.
2. The environmental protection bureau does not need approval for the small number of free-range pig farming in rural areas. However, if the environmental pollution caused by the pig raising process (pig manure and urine leachate pollutes surface water and groundwater; odor emissions, etc.) affects the water and air quality of surrounding residents and units, the Environmental Protection Bureau will deal with it and require pig farmers to carry out If rectification is not completed within the time limit, fines will be imposed.
3. According to Article 5 of Chapter 2 of my country’s Animal Epidemic Prevention Law, animal breeding farms must be at least 500 meters away from urban residential areas, cultural, educational and scientific research and other populated areas.
How to raise pigs in rural areas and how to build a pig pen
1. Determine the capital on hand, 100,000 or 200,000?
Second, determine the scale of your pig farming, 50 pigs or 100 pigs.
Third, find a similar pig farm, such as one with 100 pigs, and learn some basic information from them: the cost of building a pig farm, the cost of buying piglets, the cost of buying feed, and the cost of selling big pigs. time.
4. After comparison, you will know how big a pig farm you can build with the money you have on hand, and then give a 20% discount and leave some money for accrual.
5. Choose a good land, water source and drainage are very important.
6. There is a lot of information on the Internet. Go to your mobile phone to sort it out. No one will spend a week to give you a complete set of information just for your 40 points.
7. I wish you success in starting a business.
Why can’t pigs be raised in rural areas?
The best answer is the “Six Persistences” of scientific pig raising
1. Insist on raising the first generation of cross-bred pigs.
The piglets produced by using well-bred boars such as Duroc, Pietrain, Dika, Landrace and other boars and local breed sows are called first-generation hybrid pigs. The first generation of crossbred pigs have strong survivability, rapid growth and good feeding effects. Therefore, it is necessary to widely promote the "three modernizations" new technologies of improving boar breeding, localizing sows, and generating cross-bred piglets.
2. Adhere to protective breeding.
In summer and autumn, gourds, pumpkins, sunflowers and other plants can be planted outside the pig house for shade and cooling. In winter, the new technology of plastic greenhouse breeding should be promoted, and deworming and immunization injections should be carried out regularly.
3. Adhere to the method of self-propagation and self-support.
Raising high-quality male sows, breeding hybrid piglets, and breeding commercial pigs by yourself is conducive to epidemic prevention and disease prevention, improves the survival rate of piglets, and reduces the cost of raising pigs.
4. Insist on promoting high-density pig farming.
One fattening pig is raised in a 0.8 square meter pig house in winter, and one fattening pig is raised in a 1 square meter pig house in summer. Because pigs are raised intensively, pig houses are saved, fixed asset investment is small, and fattening pigs compete for food. The activity area is small, they sleep when they are full, gain weight quickly, and the breeding period is shortened.
5. Insist on seeking benefits from science and technology.
Promote the one-stop rapid pig raising method. Implement "five changes and one plus", that is, changing from raising fat pigs to raising lean pigs such as Landrace, York, Duroc and so on. Second, change from feeding a single feed to a formulated full-price feed. Third, change the feeding of clinker to raw mix and wet feeding. Fourth, change the hanging rack fattening to linear fattening. The linear fattening method for post-weaning piglets can effectively shorten the fattening period, improve the fattening rate, and increase economic benefits. The fifth step is to seek veterinary services when sick, so as to prevent diseases as early as possible, and strictly control the four major infectious diseases of swine fever, swine erysipelas, swine epidemic, and paratyphoid, so as to reduce the mortality rate and increase the survival rate and slaughter rate. OnePlus is adding additives and growth hormone.
6. Insist on timely slaughtering and slaughtering.
After fattening pigs weigh more than 90 kilograms, the daily weight gain slows down significantly, and fat deposition is the main factor. Therefore, the more they are fed, the less economical they are, and the fatter meat increases, making it difficult to sell. If the weight is less than 90 kilograms, although the feed utilization rate is high, the meat yield is low due to the small weight, and it is not economical. Generally, fattening pigs are most suitable for slaughtering with a weight of 90 to 120 kilograms.
Scientific Pig Raising Method - Back-feeding Method
In rural areas, most farmers still continue to raise pigs using the traditional pig raising method, that is, using the "hanging rack" feeding method. In the early stage, a large number of pigs were raised. Feed green and roughage, and only put in a very small amount of concentrated feed. When the pigs grow to 50-60 kg, a large amount of high-energy concentrated feed is added for rapid fattening. Although this feeding method utilizes a large amount of green and roughage, it cannot meet the protein and mineral elements required for pig growth in the early stage, resulting in slow growth and development of pigs and prolonging the time for slaughter. Generally, it takes a year or more to raise pigs. Maintenance consumption is greatly increased. This feeding method not only fails to achieve the purpose of saving concentrated feed, but also causes a large amount of waste of concentrated feed.
A few professional pig farmers adopt a "one-stop" feeding method, that is, they feed concentrates from piglets to slaughter without using any green or roughage.
Although this method has greatly shortened the feeding cycle and reduced the maintenance consumption of feed, the large amount of green and roughage in rural areas has not been fully utilized, so the economic benefits are still not ideal.
Using the "back-feeding method" to raise pigs can effectively avoid the disadvantages of the "hanging rack" and "one-stop" feeding methods. It can save 30% and 10% of concentrated feed respectively, and the "back-feeding method" of raising pigs has a high lean meat rate, which is very popular among consumers. The specific method of raising pigs with the "back-feeding method" is:
From the stage of piglets to middle pigs, that is, before 50 to 60 kilograms, high-energy and high-protein concentrates are mainly used, combined with necessary feed additives. Only feed a small amount of green feed and no roughage. After the pigs grow to 50 to 60 kilograms and are ready for slaughter, the energy and protein levels in the concentrates should be appropriately reduced, the input amount of concentrates should be reduced, and the input of green and roughage should be increased. The proportions are: 62% of concentrated feed, 26% of green feed, Roughage 12%.
The scientific basis for raising pigs with the "back-feeding method" is: because pigs mainly rely on long bones and lean meat from the piglet stage to the middle pig stage, they have a greater demand for protein and mineral elements. In addition, at this time, pigs require The digestibility and utilization rate of fiber is extremely low, so concentrates should be used mainly to meet the needs of protein and various mineral elements for the growth and development of pigs, so that piglets can grow rapidly and reduce unnecessary feed consumption. When pigs grow to 50 to 60 kilograms, their digestion and utilization of fiber increases and their ability to tolerate roughage increases, so the amount of roughage fed is increased.
Is it illegal to raise pigs at home in rural areas?
It is not illegal to raise pigs at home in rural areas.
1. The restrictions on rural pig raising are mainly for large-scale farms. They are required to be located not upwind of environmentally sensitive areas (such as residential areas) and to have a certain level of hygiene with sensitive areas. Protective distance (to prevent odor pollution from pig manure and urine), basic farmland must not be occupied, pre-treatment facilities with pig manure and urine pollutants (mainly sedimentation tanks), composting sites must be anti-seepage, etc. Pig farms must conduct environmental impact assessments and prepare different environmental impact assessment documents based on the number of animals raised, the area occupied, and the sensitivity of the environment they are located in. The pig farm usually requires a scale of more than 200 pigs.
2. Raising a small number of free-range pigs in rural areas does not require approval from the Environmental Protection Bureau. However, if the environmental pollution caused by the pig raising process (pig manure and urine leachate pollutes surface water and groundwater; odor emissions, etc.) affects the water and air quality of surrounding residents and units, the Environmental Protection Bureau will deal with it and require pig farmers to carry out If rectification is not completed within the time limit, fines will be imposed.