China's geological technology and equipment after decades of efforts, in the conventional equipment has a certain foundation, independent development of the second generation of aerial physical exploration technology series, ground high-precision heavy magnetic survey series, oil and gas geophysical survey technology, small-diameter diamond drilling technology, etc., which play a positive role in improving the level of China's geological surveys. In the past 20 years, due to the reduction of investment in geological survey equipment, most of the equipment is in the state of aging, the technical content is not high, the structure is not reasonable, and many important equipments are still in the state of blankness, and compared with the developed countries, they are still at the level of 1970s~80s of the 20th century. Faced with the current situation of geological technology and equipment, in order to realize the goal of "modernization" of the geological survey team of public interest, the National Development and Reform Commission in 2003 launched a three-year "geological team" field army "special plan for the construction of technology and equipment". The total investment of this special program is 1.5 billion yuan, with 500 million yuan per year from 2003 to 2005. The Ministry of Land and Resources and the China Geological Survey attach great importance to this work, and have specially organized their forces to understand the current situation and future needs of the equipment, analyze and study the development trend of the geological equipment, and widely solicit the opinions of experts, and have prepared the "Geological Corps "Field Army" Technical Equipment Plan", "Geological Corps "Field Army" Technical Equipment Plan", "Geological Corps "Field Army" Technical Equipment Plan" and "Geological Corps "Field Army" Technical Equipment Plan". The "Field Army" Technical Equipment Plan 2003-2005" and the "Geological Team "Field Army" Technical Equipment Construction Launching Program 2003" were successively prepared on the basis of analyzing and studying the development trend of geological equipment and widely soliciting experts' opinions. The goal of this equipment construction is to be "first-class in China and advanced in the world", basically realizing the renewal of the conventional technical equipment of the "field army" of the geological team and completing the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and even the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan". The configuration of key equipment for the key projects of the national geological survey in the "11th Five-Year Plan" has been completed. At present, the planning, planning and program are being implemented. It is expected that after the completion of the special program, China's geotechnical equipment is: a complete range of equipment (in addition to oil and gas equipment), the basic elimination of gaps; the technical level of equipment at the beginning of the century in developed countries at the level; basically able to meet the needs of the national geological survey work.
The implementation of the special program for the construction of geological technology and equipment has solved the problem of the equipment of the teams belonging to the Bureau of Geological Survey on an emergency basis. How to comprehensively, fully and efficiently utilize the benefits of the equipment and improve the level of geological research and geological survey work, there is an urgent need to strengthen the management of geotechnical equipment.
I. Geological equipment management organization and personnel status
In order to further understand the status of equipment management organization and personnel of 27 units of China Geological Survey (CGS), the project team conducted a telephone survey of these 27 units and solicited the opinions and suggestions from the persons in charge of equipment management of the units on the basis of their own equipment and whether they need to set up equipment management organization. Suggestions were also sought from those responsible for equipment management. The details are shown in Table 7-1 and Figure 7-3.
Table 7-1 Equipment Management Organization and Personnel Status of CGS Units
Continued Table
Continued Table
Figure 7-3 Map of Equipment Management Organization Construction of CGS Units
Since the responsibilities of the 27 units are different, the current situation and needs of equipment are not the same, and the equipment management organization is not the same. The current situation and needs of the 27 units of CGS are also different, and there are differences in the form of equipment management organizations. Through the survey, 8 units have set up special equipment management organizations, accounting for 33%; 4 units have set up temporary organizations such as equipment management leading groups or management committees composed of unit leaders to guide the procurement and management of equipment for the "field army", such as equipment planning, scheduling, use, and scrapping, accounting for 15%; and the remaining 15 units have put their equipment management duties under the responsibility of "equipment management", accounting for 15%; the remaining 15 units have put their equipment management duties under the responsibility of "equipment management", accounting for 15%. The remaining 15 units have equipment management responsibilities attached to other organizations and have established equipment management positions, such as offices or finance offices, accounting for 52 percent.
Additionally, there is no specialized management body of the unit, the physical form of its equipment management is basically placed in the office, logistics, finance and other departments, or entrusted to the scientific research departments and offices to carry out physical management, most of the units of the value of the form of management of equipment by the Finance Department; the Institute of Geosciences organs, the Bureau of Oceanography, the Institute of the water environment, the Institute of testing of the five units, although there is no specialized equipment management organization, but all the equipment will be incorporated into the equipment management system.
The equipment of 27 units under the Bureau of full-time management personnel **** 51 people, part-time management personnel 42 people. Most of the units have 1~2 specialized technical equipment managers (including those units that have established equipment management institutions), who are fully responsible for equipment procurement, use and management; the part-time managers are basically distributed in the finance department or office and other departments, and the part-time staff in the finance department are mainly responsible for the management of equipment value forms. For example, in addition to a full-time equipment manager in the Finance Division of the Remote Control Center who is specifically responsible for the use and management of equipment, there is also a part-time staff member in charge of equipment management, receipt and inspection, and auditing in each business department. From the point of view of equipment management organizations and personnel, 27 Bureau units have taken management measures accordingly, but most of the units have not established a systematic system of equipment management organizations.
According to the research, the unit's views are summarized into three situations (Table 7-2): First, it is necessary to establish a specialized agency of 12 units, of which two units believe that according to the development trend of the value of equipment, should establish a specialized management body; Second, it is not necessary to establish three units, the reason is that the planning and construction of equipment is only a temporary work for three years, or the unit of the current equipment Thirdly, there are other opinions on the establishment of an equipment management organization, such as the Beijing Geological Institute, which believes that the physical management of equipment should be unified with financial management, and the Institute of Resources and the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mining, which believes that the equipment of the "field army" should be managed in conjunction with other fixed assets, and so on.
Table 7-2 Results of the research on the establishment of a specialized management organization
II. Construction of a system for the management of geotechnical equipment
1. Overview of the construction of the system
Since the establishment of the China Geological Survey (CGS), it has successively issued three methods for the management of equipment. The first is the Interim Measures on Equipment Management of China Geological Survey. It focuses on the physical and technical management of equipment. The second is the Measures for Capital Construction and Fixed Asset Management of China Geological Survey. It focuses on the value management of equipment. The third is the Interim Measures for the Management of Technical Equipment of Geological Teams "Field Army". The scope of management of the Measures is the equipment formed by the special funds for the construction of technical equipment for the "field army" of geological teams. It includes three aspects: physical management, technical management and value management of equipment. Covering equipment planning, program, budget preparation, equipment procurement, acceptance, use, maintenance, disposal and other aspects.
After the implementation of the Interim Measures for the Management of Technical Equipment of Geological Teams "Field Army", most of the directly subordinate units have combined the requirements of the Interim Measures for the Management of Technical Equipment of Geological Teams "Field Army" with their original experience in equipment management and inheritance of the existing management system. On the basis of their previous experience in equipment management and the inheritance of existing management systems, most of the units directly under them have formulated the Implementing Rules for Equipment Management or the Measures for Equipment Management in conjunction with the requirements of the Interim Measures for the Management of Technical Equipment of Geological Teams. For example, the Guangzhou Bureau of Marine Geology and Survey has formulated the "Equipment Management System of Guangzhou Bureau of Marine Geology and Survey", which covers the whole process of management of equipment management organizations and responsibilities, equipment planning, procurement, use and maintenance, dispatch and scrapping, equipment accidents, etc., and makes detailed provisions on the basic work of equipment management, management and analytical indexes, and incentives and penalties; and the Aerospace Remote Sensing Center has formulated the "Measures for the Management of the Equipment and Substances of the Remote Sensing Center of Aerial Prospecting" (for comments). The Remote Sensing Center of Aerospace Physics has formulated the Measures for the Management of Equipment and Materials of the Remote Sensing Center of Aerospace Physics (Draft for Opinion); and the National Center for Geological Experiments and Tests has formulated the Measures for the Management of Equipment (Fixed Assets) of the National Center for Geological Experiments and Tests and the Procedures for the Control and Management of Instrumentation.
2. China's large-scale instruments *** enjoyment and *** use of the situation
China's government attaches great importance to the large-scale scientific instruments *** enjoyment and *** use, introduced a lot of encouragement *** enjoyment and *** use of policy measures.
In July 2004, the General Office of the State Council forwarded the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, "2004 ~ 2010 National Science and Technology Basic Conditional Platform Construction Program" (hereinafter referred to as the "Outline"). p>
At present, the platform construction of organizational leadership, top-level design, system specification, pilot work has made breakthrough progress, the initial formation of the platform construction system. 2004, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance and other relevant departments issued the "central level of the new purchase of large-scale scientific instrumentation and equipment joint evaluation work management approach", "scientific and technological conditions of resources" management into the relevant content of the "conditions of resources" management, the "scientific and technological conditions of resources". In 2004, MOST and the Ministry of Finance and other relevant departments issued the Administrative Measures for the Joint Review of Newly Purchased Large Scientific Instruments and Equipment at the Central Level, incorporated the relevant contents of the management of "resources for scientific and technological conditions" into the "Law on Scientific and Technological Advancement", and formulated the "Regulations on the Management of Large Scientific Instruments and Equipment", "Administrative Measures for Construction of National Scientific and Technological Infrastructure Platforms", "Administrative Measures for the Construction Funds of National Scientific and Technological Infrastructure Platforms", etc.
A series of standards have been formulated. Mainly including the National Classification Standard for Large Scientific Instruments, the National Natural Science and Technology Resource Platform Resource Classification and Coding Standard (Trial), the National Natural Science and Technology Resource Platform Natural Science and Technology Resource*** Descriptive Specification (Trial), and other standards more than 300; initially completed the scientific data*** enjoyment of the guiding standards, general standards and special standards and other three major categories*** 23 standards; has completed the country's Digital library standards and norms 89, and published online trial; the development and promotion of network informatization construction norms 6.
Under the guidance of the Platform Construction Outline, all relevant departments and governments across the country have actively joined in the construction of the platform. At present, more than 20 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), more than a dozen planned cities and prefecture-level cities to establish a large-scale instrument *** enjoy **** with the platform, other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) are also actively preparing to establish.
Three, the central public welfare geological survey team geological technology and equipment management problems
Central public welfare geological survey team is the Ministry of Land and Resources of the original units belonging to the establishment of the transfer of the formation of the original units were scientific research and service-oriented institutions, with fewer assets, lack of experience in the management of a large number of equipment. Coupled with the budget management, government procurement and other new financial system reform is deepening, the geological technology and equipment construction special funds for the formation of a large number of technical equipment management, there are a lot of non-adaptability.
According to the research, combined with seminars and exchanges, the Bureau of units of equipment management problems are summarized as follows.
1. management concept and system construction lagging behind
On how to strengthen the management of geotechnical equipment, some units are not fully prepared. Most of the units to apply for equipment enthusiasm is very high, the use of equipment is also prepared, but the management of equipment is not much consideration, the sense of responsibility is not strong, the overall constraints are not strong. For example, after the arrival of equipment, the corresponding responsibility system, management system and operation system are not timely and in place. Most of the units do not have a specialized management body, only the establishment of equipment management post, arrange a specialized management personnel actually responsible for, resulting in equipment comprehensive, global management is missing, can not realize the integrated management of equipment. In short, the units are actively striving to be able to occupy more equipment resources, but the lack of economic efficiency and the use of efficiency prediction and analysis, management lags behind.
2. Weak management foundation
A large number of technical equipment, the original equipment is relatively poorly equipped units is an unprecedented enrichment. Many units of the original equipment management basis is not adapted to the sudden changes in the face of many high-tech equipment, both the lack of management experience, but also the lack of management personnel. Managers and operators need to be trained and strengthened business capacity.
3. Large equipment running costs, maintenance costs are difficult to solve
After a large number of geotechnical equipment in place, management, operation, repair, maintenance requires a lot of money, but the corresponding funds are not a stable source of channels.
4. The management mechanism is not adapted
To realize the goal of geotechnical equipment management, it is necessary to use economic, legal and administrative means. But the current management mechanism of the institutions, only emphasize the unit, individual responsibility, many means can not be used. For example: some units in the past through the use of equipment, maintenance of a single reward, very effective, and now can not be implemented, because the current financial management system does not allow the mention of bonuses. This reflects the management tools are too single, to improve the effectiveness of equipment management is not adaptable.
Equipment management is an important part of any nature of unit management, not only to pursue a high rate of equipment integrity, but also to maximize the efficiency of the use of equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to realize the change from the physical management of equipment to the physical management of equipment and the value of the form of management. At present, according to the financial management system of institutions, the geotechnical equipment of the system of the Bureau of Geological Survey is only managed in physical form, and is assessed according to its age, and it will be scrapped when it reaches the stipulated period of time. The financial management of the equipment is limited to the original value of the accounts, do not draw depreciation, resulting in the lack of value form management.
5. Geotechnical equipment information system construction is not supporting
Geotechnical equipment information is the basis of management. At present, the acquisition of geotechnical equipment information is not timely, not systematic, not a comprehensive and true reflection of the actual situation of geotechnical equipment, so that the equipment management department of the Bureau of Geological Survey is unable to comprehensively and systematically grasp the management and operation of geotechnical equipment, and is unable to provide a basis for decision-making and management of leaders at all levels.
Fourth, the central public welfare geological survey team geological technology equipment management experience
Based on the research, the Bureau of units in the management of geological equipment have their own strengths and experience, through a comprehensive analysis of the study, can be summarized in the following areas:
1. Setting up a specialized equipment management institutions and personnel
Based on the nature of work, tasks, and occupancy of equipment in the grass-roots units, the Bureau of Geological Survey equipment management department can not comprehensively and systematically grasp the management and operation of geological equipment, can not provide a basis for decision-making and management of leaders at all levels. The nature of the work of the basic units, the task and occupation of the main direction of the use of equipment, the implementation of hierarchical management of equipment. Important equipment for the implementation of the first level of management, the implementation of the second level of management of other equipment; in the leadership of the organizational structure, there is a person in charge of equipment management; the establishment of the Equipment Management Division and full-time staff (including materials, warehouse management), responsible for the unit's equipment, materials management, and is equipped with the person in charge of the equipment and part-time equipment management personnel; large-scale, precision, valuable instruments and equipment are equipped with full-time technical personnel responsible for the daily use, maintenance and maintenance of the equipment, and the equipment management personnel. Technical personnel specifically responsible for the daily use, maintenance and management.
2. Focus on the use of equipment management
Emphasizing the full use of equipment is the core of equipment management. The use of "life cycle cost theory" to guide the selection of equipment, remodeling, updating and even use.
To complete the survey task objectives for the assessment of the standard, and according to the nature of the work of grass-roots units and tasks, as well as the type of equipment and the main direction of use, the implementation of the use of specialized management. For example: a unit of survey technology equipment unified by the use of technical methods, maintenance, management; water engineering environment survey equipment by the use of environmental engineering, maintenance, management; data processing and mapping equipment by the use of information, maintenance, management; chemical testing equipment by the use of experimental testing, maintenance, management; information technology equipment by the use of information technology, management; various types of interpretation of the technical software by the use of the relevant business, management; investigation Ships are used, maintained and managed by the ship brigade and so on. Each basic unit has also set up a specialized group of equipment in accordance with its business expertise and work needs, and has been assigned to carry out the daily use and management of the equipment. Dozens of types of more than 1900 (sets) of instruments and equipment, with the help of the grass-roots professional platform for the implementation of the management of the classification of specialists to use, and through the implementation of national special projects and geological surveys to implement the main task of the main equipment and resources portfolio **** enjoy, and fully improve the utilization rate of geotechnical equipment.
3. Highlighting the systematic construction of equipment management
Some grass-roots units have actively explored the systematic construction of geotechnical equipment management, and have formulated geotechnical equipment management systems, measures and measures for the operation of each instrument and equipment from various aspects and at multiple levels, such as equipment management system, equipment selection and demonstration system, equipment purchasing system, equipment acceptance and acceptance system, equipment maintenance and repair system, and equipment testing and calibration system, and so on. The company has formulated geological equipment management system, measures and special management methods in many aspects and at many levels, and has accumulated experience in the construction of equipment management system.
4. Establish people-oriented management concept
First of all, to grasp the implementation of the responsibility for the use of equipment, a single person single machine, more than one person a machine, shift machine, there are special requirements for the implementation of the responsibility; secondly, the operation of the equipment has strict regulations, equipment overloading is strictly prohibited, the idle equipment should be well maintained, and regularly carry out equipment inspections; thirdly, in the internal operation of the system of responsibility for the use of equipment (including depreciation). Third, in the internal management responsibility system to use the equipment (including depreciation, overhaul costs, maintenance costs, etc.), technical and economic indicators such as the technical condition of the equipment, included in the content of the contract, and to monitor the assessment.
5. Establishment of equipment management database
According to the unit within the number of equipment, high value, mobility and other characteristics, combined with the actual work of the unit, the establishment of the equipment and materials management database, the use of each piece of equipment, the existing state of the records in the file, the implementation of tracking management; each piece of equipment are implemented to the specific user to facilitate the leadership at all levels and the relevant personnel of the equipment situation Understand and control at any time, the important equipment and specialized instruments and equipment focus on monitoring, such as the annual periodic delivery to the appropriate identification department for quality and technical identification, etc., to ensure that each piece of equipment are in good working condition.
6. Set up equipment management assessment indicators
Some units have set up equipment management objectives of the assessment indicators. Such as: equipment net value growth rate, equipment completion rate, equipment newness coefficient, equipment asset return and equipment asset profitability, field work equipment completion rate, indoor work equipment completion rate, equipment maintenance program completion rate, etc., and to these indicators for assessment, greatly improving the efficiency of equipment management.
7. Focus on the training of equipment management personnel
To pay close attention to the training of operators' skills, required to do the "four understand the three will" (understand the principle, structure, use, performance; will operate, maintenance, troubleshooting), and by the examination before being able to go on duty.
The newly purchased large-scale instrumentation staffing have a comprehensive arrangement, focusing on monitoring to ensure that each piece of equipment are implemented to the specific person responsible for the same time on the management and use of relevant personnel for operation and maintenance training, field operations with engineering vehicles and other important equipment to send a person to the manufacturer to participate in the training to achieve the rational use of science and maintenance, careful management, and to give full play to the maximum efficiency of the use of equipment.
The introduction of large-scale, precision, valuable instruments and equipment are sent to the factory to send technical personnel for technical theory and maintenance of the use of skills training; in the implementation of the field production tasks strictly on the new staff for pre-service equipment operation training; according to the needs of the work is also often sent to the equipment management personnel and technicians to participate in the manufacturer of the equipment organized by the General Assembly of the users and a number of technical professional meetings, multifaceted, Multi-dimensional, multi-level understanding of the dynamics of the development of geological exploration technology, orderly learning, accumulation of experience in the use and management of equipment, and constantly enhance the equipment management personnel and technicians business quality, improve the use of equipment and management level.