The construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council at the beginning of the new century, and it is a landmark project of the development of the west, which is of great significance in accelerating the economic and social development of the two provinces and regions of Qinghai-Tibet, and in enhancing the national unity to the benefit of the people of all ethnic groups. The railroad was opened to traffic on July 1, 2006 at 9:00 pm.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs from Xining City of Qinghai Province to Lhasa City of Tibet Autonomous Region, with a total length of 1956 kilometers. Among them, Xining to Golmud section of 814 kilometers long, built in 1979 paved, put into operation in 1984. The section from Golmud to Lhasa, starting from Golmud City of Qinghai Province, traveling southward along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to Lhasa City, the capital of Tibet Autonomous Region, has a total length of 1,142 kilometers, of which 1,110 kilometers are newly constructed, and 32 kilometers are reconstructed from Golmud to Nanshankou existing line. The construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway is facing the severe challenges of permafrost, alpine cold and lack of oxygen, and ecological fragility, which makes the project arduous, demanding and difficult.
The construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway started on June 29, 2001, and the investment of 1.18 billion yuan was completed in that year, and the transformation of the existing line from Golmud to Nanshankou section was completed, realizing the first victory. 5.32 billion yuan of investment was completed in 2002, and the track laying started on June 29, and the railroad reached the Kunlun Mountains at the end of the year smoothly. The annual plan of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction in the year of comprehensive attack completed the investment of 5.6 billion yuan. Qinghai-Tibet Railway total investment of more than thirty-three billion yuan; the whole line *** completed roadbed earth and stone 7,853,000 cubic meters, bridges six hundred and seventy-five, nearly one hundred and sixty-thousand extended meters; culverts two thousand and fifty, thirty-seven thousand, six hundred and sixty-two horizontal extended meters; tunnel seven, nine thousand and seventy-four extended meters.
At the same time, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also made great achievements in tundra research, health protection, environmental protection and quality assurance.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was put into trial operation on July 1, and it is expected to become a world-class plateau railroad with "unmanned" management along the line.
After the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, all the personnel involved in the construction of the **** with the efforts of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway line, all station lines, auxiliary line track has been laid. So far, all the tracks of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have been laid.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world's highest railroad, the average temperature along the line is below zero degrees Celsius all year round, and the oxygen content in the air is only half of that in the plains. The railroad crosses 960 kilometers above 4,000 meters above sea level, and the highest point of the railroad is 5,072 meters above sea level over the Tanggula Mountain.
The opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will further accelerate the economic development of Tibet, Qinghai provinces and regions, "easy to go abroad into Tibet," the history of the history of the railroad transportation will be gone, the railroad transportation will greatly reduce the cost of passenger and freight transportation in and out of Tibet and to improve its security.
[Edit paragraph] "sky road" will make the "roof of the world" is no longer far away
The world's highest altitude plateau railroad - Qinghai-Tibet Railway Trial run July 1, 2006 full start.
After the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, 75% of the materials in and out of Tibet will be borne by the railroad, thus changing the long distance between the previous road transport, high freight costs, loss of the shortcomings of the big.
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, known as the third pole of the earth, is famous for its high altitude, thin air, low oxygen content, strong ultraviolet rays, perennial snow, and complex climate. Paul Theroux, a modern American train traveler, wrote in his book "Traveling in China" that "with the Kunlun Mountains, the railroad will never reach Lhasa."
After four years of hard work, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was completed in 2005 after overcoming many rare scientific and technological problems. Because it crosses the highest plateau in the world, this railroad is also known as the "heavenly road".
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company plans to open a luxury tourist train, passing through the world-famous scenic spots such as Qinghai Lake, Kunlun Mountain, Coco Sicily, the source of the Three Rivers, the grasslands of northern Tibet, the Potala Palace, and so on.
To help tourists cope with possible plateau reaction, the train will be equipped with specialized oxygen supply equipment. After the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will also use infrared monitoring system, in the plateau section to do unmanned, to maintain all-weather traffic. Will also start the garbage collection system and garbage collection train, will be produced along the way of the life of the garbage centralized transportation to Lhasa or Golmud for processing.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which starts from Xining City in Qinghai Province and runs west to Lhasa City in Tibet Autonomous Region, is nearly 2,000 kilometers long. The trains after opening will reach a speed of 120 kilometers per hour on the general section, and the ride from Golmud to Lhasa will take no more than 12 hours.
[edit]The "most" of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the highest railroad in the world, has created a lot of difficulties in the construction process because of the fragile ecology, high temperature and lack of oxygen, frozen soil and winds that disturb the work. The construction process has created many "firsts" at home and abroad.
[Edit paragraph] The world's highest altitude, permafrost, high altitude section of the longest mileage
The Qinghai-Tibetan Railway from Xining City, Qinghai Province, the end of the Tibet Autonomous Region's capital city of Lhasa, the total length of 1956 kilometers, through the altitude of 4,000 meters above the section of 960 kilometers.
The second phase of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, from Golmud to Lhasa, with a total length of 1,118 kilometers, is a landmark project for the implementation of China's western development. Gerla section north of the Qaidam Basin in western Qinghai Province, the emerging industrial city of Golmud, Qinghai-Tibet Railway route map via the Nachitai, Kunlun Mountains, five Liang, Tuotuo River, Yanshiping, over the Tanggula Mountains, and then through the northern plateau of Tibet on the Ando, Nagchu, Dangxiong, Sheep Bajing, all the way to the south to reach Lhasa. It traverses more than 550 kilometers of frozen soil section, the average altitude of the entire line in 4500 meters above sea level, the highest track across the altitude of 5072 meters of the Tanggula Mountain pass. This steel artery with a total investment of 26.21 billion yuan, plans to pave the way in 2006, July 1, 2007, the entire line was opened to traffic.
The towering peaks, sheep snow, vast Gobi ...... ancient and mysterious Tibetan Plateau for thousands of years silent and lonely. Although here is a large, beautiful and rich, but in the past due to economic, social, natural and other conditions, transportation is closed, logistics is not smooth, the plateau people can only long stick to the self-sufficiency of the manor economy. Until 1949, the whole of Tibet only 1 kilometer of road can drive cars, water transportation is just a zip line bridge, cowhide boats and canoes.
In order to promote the economic development of the plateau region, as early as in the 1950s, the party and the state will focus on solving the problem of Tibet railroad construction. After the construction in 1958, the construction was suspended in 1960, and the construction was resumed in 1974, the 814-kilometer section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from Xining to Golmud was completed and opened to traffic in 1984.
There is no other railroad in the world that can be so shocking and exciting, in the "most mysterious place other than the moon" - the Tibetan plateau, a world-renowned steel dragon is winding forward, it breaks through the forbidden zone of life, crossing the Gobi Kunlun, flying over the cracks of the Gobi. Gobi Kunlun, flying frame rift valley rift valley ...... it with indisputable facts to tell the world: it is the world's highest altitude, the line of the longest plateau railroad!
[edit]The world's highest plateau tundra tunnel - Wind Volcano Tunnel
Wind Volcano Tunnel is located at an altitude of 5010 meters on the Wind Volcano, the total length of 1,338 meters, the track surface elevation of 4905 meters, all located in the permanent plateau permafrost, the world's highest elevation, the longest plateau tunnel across the tundra area. Permafrost area of the longest plateau permanent wind volcano tunnel tundra tunnel, there is "the world's first high tunnel" said.
Came to the Wind Volcano Tunnel, first of all, the tunnel mouth before the giant couplet attracted: "ride the white clouds caressing the blue sky to fight the snow bound dragon, step on the wind inviting the moon piercing the world's highest tunnel". Wind volcano area climate environment is extremely harsh, the average annual temperature of minus 7 degrees Celsius, the lowest temperature of minus 40 degrees Celsius or so, cold, lack of oxygen.
From Shaanxi Xianyang, China Railway Bureau of more than 300 builders, participated in the battle to open the wind volcano tunnel. In order to solve the problem of oxygen deficiency in the plateau, they built the world's highest altitude oxygen station, in the tunnel construction, diffuse oxygen supply to the cave, so that the oxygen content in the cave to increase, fundamentally solve the problem of oxygen deficiency in plateau construction. At the same time, China Railway Bureau 20 also equips each staff dormitory with oxygen absorbing equipment and provides anti-hypoxia drugs to ensure that each staff can absorb enough oxygen. As a result of scientific measures, in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction line, although the construction conditions here are the most severe, the incidence of plateau disease among workers is the lowest in the whole line.
October 18, 2001, the wind volcano tunnel hit the first shot, produced by the abandoned ballast is shocking. These abandoned ballast soil content of about 15% to 20%, tunnel geological structure is mainly soil ice layer, saturated frozen soil, original glacier, fissure ice, sandstone, mudstone and mud and sand interlayer. Wind Volcano Tunnel is listed as the first of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway line of key projects, known as "the word of the day the first project".
In order to ensure the quality of construction, China Railway Bureau invested more than 52 million yuan, the purchase of domestic first-class tunnel construction equipment, in the hole to achieve the rail transportation, built a high-pressure steam boiler, heater station and the hole insulation, cooling system, to solve a series of difficult problems such as temperature control of concrete construction in the hole, on October 19, 2002, the wind volcano tunnel! -The world's highest plateau tundra tunnel after the builders of a whole year of struggle, finally passed through.
[edit]The world's longest plateau tundra tunnel - Kunlun Mountain Tunnel
4648 meters above sea level in the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel, snow in June, four seasons a day, the cold and lack of oxygen, oxygen content of only half of the mainland plains, the lowest temperature reaches more than 30 degrees Celsius below zero. Kunlun Mountain Tunnel
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway builders fighting here, braving the harsh natural environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, to build the world's longest plateau tundra tunnel. Tunneling in the tundra is much more difficult than in the plains. Every summer, the temperature inside the tunnel rises, sometimes up to about 7 degrees Celsius, at such temperatures the permafrost is easy to melt, the hole from time to time there is ice slag fall down, to the construction of great difficulties. In order to prevent and minimize the impact of permafrost disease on the tunnel's solid performance, in the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel construction has taken more than twice the procedures than in the plains. Tunnel construction in the plains only in the anchor spray support, plus a layer of concrete can be, but in the tundra tunnel construction, but also need to set up two waterproofing and a thermal insulation board, play a role in waterproofing and heat preservation, and then finally lined with a concrete. This is equivalent to the tunnel to wear a waterproof warm clothes, effectively solve the tundra tunnel construction problems.
In order to protect the physical and mental health of construction workers, China Railway Fifth Bureau four companies provide a four-hour shift operation system, every day to the tunnel workers to provide a sufficient amount of oxygen, and regularly check the quality of air in the tunnel. In the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel entrance, a yellow ventilation pipe is like a ribbon across the tunnel, this ribbon will be outside the tunnel of fresh air into the tunnel, to ensure that the tunnel construction of oxygen content. They also set up a first aid center at the tunnel entrance, and established a hyperbaric oxygen warehouse at the site, and the staff dormitory is also equipped with oxygen cylinders. At the same time, quarterly physical examination of employees, if found unwell, immediately sent to Golmud treatment.
Kunlun Mountain Tunnel in September 25, 2002 through.
This solidified the blood, sweat and wisdom of how many working people ah!
[edit]The world's highest railway station - Tanggula station
Tanggula station
Tanggula station is located at an altitude of 5068 meters Tanggula mountain pass permafrost area, covers an area of about 77,000 square meters, designed for the three strands. Tanggula station is mainly adapted to the needs of the train will give way. The station is constructed by the Sixth Project Department under China Railway 18 Bureau. According to the geographical location and geological characteristics of this station, the engineering design adopts a schist ventilated roadbed. This design can keep the permafrost temperature relatively stable in order to reduce the disturbance to the permafrost and achieve the purpose of effectively protecting the permafrost.
Tanggula Station was completed in August 2004, becoming a major attraction on the 1,000-mile Qinghai-Tibet route.
[Edit] Asia's Largest Plateau Railway Laying Base
Nanshangkou Laying Base From the starting point of the Gera section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Golmud City, about 30 kilometers southward, you come to the largest and highest grade plateau laying base in the history of China's railroad construction - Nanshangkou Laying Base of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which is located at an altitude of 3,050 meters above sea level.
The large scale and high technical content of the Nanshangkou paving base of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway are the first in the history of China's railroad construction. At the beginning of the construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, this place is still yellow sand, rare, a desolate. Since June 29, 2001, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started construction of the horn blowing, China Railway Bureau more than 500 workers in this barren land on the resistance to lack of oxygen, the top of the wind and sand, the wind, food and shelter, played the man and nature of the battle and railroad construction technology, management level of the battle, overcome the difficulties, raised the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started "leading" flag. "
The first time I saw the railway was in the middle of a long journey.
Laying frame base from March 2002 to start the installation of machinery and equipment, debugging, nail joint production line from April 2002 to start trial production. Guo Xiuchun said, Nanshangkou paving base bear the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Nanshangkou to Amdo section of the track paving task. Qinghai-Tibet Railway through the line across the "roof of the world", due to the high cold, lack of oxygen, low pressure, coupled with a large slope, temperature difference, wind and sand, thunder and lightning and other unfavorable factors, to the construction and transportation has brought great difficulties. At present, the domestic production of track-laying machine, bridge-crossing machine and internal combustion locomotives in the average altitude of 4000 meters on the Tibetan plateau power drop nearly half, the general maximum gradient adaptability of twelve thousandths of a percent, and because of the lack of oxygen, fuel combustion is not sufficient to produce a large number of exhaust gas, resulting in environmental pollution. The maximum gradient of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is designed to be 20 thousandths of a percent, and the harsh climate conditions and special geographical environment become a "roadblock" for the railroad pavement. To this end, China Railway Bureau mobilized experts with rich experience in paving and framing, transformed domestic track-laying and bridge-laying machinery and internal combustion locomotives, and put forward a series of specific solutions and measures, such as development of oxygen boosting equipment, transformation of machinery, rolling stock equipment, prevention of severe cold, wind and sand, lightning and other specific solutions and measures. After the transformation of track-laying and bridge-laying machines and internal combustion locomotives, in the twenty-two-thousandths of a ramp operation, power performance is good, normal operation of equipment, environmental pollution is minimal. This scientific research results to fill the domestic plateau paving technology on the blank, so as to provide equipment for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway paving protection.
From the beginning of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, China Railway Bureau started to lay tracks for a period of time, with an average of 3,000 meters per day, and 3.5 holes per day of bridging speed, uninterruptedly advancing the steel avenue towards Lhasa. They created the highest daily track paving 6575 meters, daily bridge 6.5 holes of the record, this speed and the plains paving speed is basically comparable, and to ensure the safety and quality.
[Edit Paragraph]The world's longest "road" bridge, the longest railroad bridge on the plateau tundra
Clearwater River Bridge is located at an altitude of more than 4,500 meters in the uninhabited area of Coco Sicily, with a total length of 11.7 kilometers, which is the longest "bridge instead of road" bridge on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway line, and is also the largest bridge on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. It is the longest "bridge instead of road" bridge on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and also the key control project for the construction of the entire Gela section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Qingshui River Bridge
The Qingshui River Railway Bridge is like a beautiful rainbow, flying over the core of the Cocoanutian National Nature Reserve at an average altitude of 4,600 meters above sea level. Here in Cocoanutilian cold and lack of oxygen, sparse vegetation, ecological fragility. At the same time here in the plateau permafrost section, permafrost thickness of more than 20 meters, and high ice content, which gave the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has increased the difficulty. In order to solve the problem of construction of the plateau permafrost area and protect the nature reserve, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway survey and design experts have taken the "bridge instead of road" measures.
The seasonal temperature difference in the Shimizu River area is obvious, with the highest temperature reaching 38 degrees Celsius in summer and the lowest temperature reaching minus 40 degrees Celsius in winter. In such climatic conditions, hot thawing lakes and ponds, dark rivers, and frozen up balls will appear in the tundra area. In addition to the surface can be seen in the hot melt lakes and ponds, to the summer, the temperature rises, permafrost melting, but also in the underground 20 meters to 30 meters between the formation of the dark river; and to the winter, hot melt lakes and ponds and dark river due to the sharp drop in temperature, the formation of the surface of the frozen up ball. If the problem of frozen soil is not dealt with properly, the constructed railroad will become an uneven rubbing road, leaving operation hidden dangers. Due to the harsh weather conditions, individual bridge piers due to the cold appeared tortoise, in order to ensure the quality of the piers, China Railway Twelfth Bureau Command has blown up three such piers.
In the dragon like winding away under the bridge, the piers between the more than 1,300 bridge holes can be Tibetan antelope and other wildlife free migration. Now, the railroad track has been successfully paved from the bridge through. In the mysterious and beautiful uninhabited area of Coco Sicily, the Qingshuihe Railway Bridge has become a fascinating landscape.
[Edit Paragraph]The first high bridge of Qinghai-Tibet Railway--Three Forks of the River Bridge
15 kilometers from the northern edge of the Kunlun Mountains on the Nachidai, a majestic bridge rises up, like a giant's arms to support the speeding train. This bridge is the highest bridge along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway - Three Forks Bridge. It *** there are 20 piers, of which 17 are round thin-walled hollow piers, pier body top wall of the thinnest place is only 30 centimeters.
Three Forks River Bridge is located at an altitude of more than 3800 meters in the high mountain valley. Here, the alluvial strata formed in the canyon, as if a sharp axe will be a high mountain from which to split, three forks of the river bridge on both ends of the suspension in the terrain above the steep cliffs.
China Railway Fourteen Bureau three companies undertake the construction of the Three Forks of the River Bridge. The construction of similar scale bridge, in the mainland normal construction period needs two years. But the bridge is the key control project of the Gera section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which bears the task of laying rails and transporting materials, so the control period of the bridge construction was only given one year. In order to ensure the completion of the bridge, they had to seize the time, that is, the cold winter must also be constructed. In January and February, the local temperature as low as minus 30 degrees Celsius, pier concrete pouring first to solve the problem of heat preservation. After repeated experiments, they used the template through the steam insulation, template outside the stove, outside the cover quilt, tarpaulin method, hard in the ice world to create a relatively warm environment.
After the tenacious struggle of the builders, Three Forks River Bridge was completed on schedule in 1 year.
[edit]The source of the Yangtze River, the first railroad bridge - Yangtze River Source Bridge
Standing in front of the "Yangtze River Source" environmental monument looking at the Tuo Tuo River, only to see a bridge pier quietly standing in the river. Clear water flows downstream around the bridge piers. Here is the source of the Yangtze River is the first bridge - the source of the Yangtze River Yangtze River Source Bridge Special Bridge location.
The Yangtze River Source Special Bridge is 1389.6 meters long, **** there are 42 holes, across a wide riverbed of about 1300 meters. The bridge site is located in the Tuo Tuo River basin is the Tibetan Plateau permafrost region in the abdomen of the large river melt area, both permafrost and melt area of the dual characteristics of the construction has brought certain difficulties. From November 24, 2001 since the start of construction, the Yangtze River Source Bridge construction progress is very smooth, the main project than the project requirements of the date more than 300 days ahead of completion. The drilled piles of the whole bridge have gone through non-destructive testing, and the passing rate has reached 100%.
Construction at the source of the Yangtze River is most concerned about environmental issues. China Railway Third Bureau has taken various measures to protect the environment from being polluted. The mud generated in the construction of bored piles is subject to secondary sedimentation, and it is strictly prohibited to discharge the unsedimented mud directly into the river, and the water precipitated from the sedimentation tank is used for roadbed construction and watering of the right-of-way. And other waste materials, slag and so on should be concentrated and disposed of to the construction of the abandoned soil pit, to be leveled. As for caring for local vegetation and not disturbing wildlife, it is a guideline that everyone follows.
[Edit Paragraph]The railroad construction project with the most environmental protection investment
The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway faces three major railroad construction problems in the world, such as fragile ecology, alpine and oxygen-deficient environment, and geologic structure of permafrost. In order to protect the blue sky of the plateau, clear lake water, rare wildlife, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway only environmental protection investment amounted to more than 2 billion yuan, accounting for 8% of the total investment in the project, is currently China's government environmental protection investment in the railroad construction project, and the first time in the national construction of the first introduction of environmental protection supervision, for the first time with the local environmental protection departments to sign the environmental protection responsibility statement; the first time for the wildlife to open up migratory corridors located in the Kokosil National Nature Reserve. Qingshui River Bridge in the Ke Ke Sili National Nature Reserve is built by the Qinghai-Tibet Railway specifically for the migration of Tibetan antelopes and other wild animals.
[edit]One of the railroad projects with the highest treatment of civilian workers
In order to overcome the harsh environment of high temperature and lack of oxygen, and to protect the life and health of railroad builders. For the first time in the history of China's engineering construction, the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Health jointly issued a document specifically detailing provisions for medical and health care protection, and invested nearly 200 million yuan to establish medical and health care protection points along the entire line. Nowadays, all the key construction sections along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway are basically equipped with advanced equipments such as high-pressure oxygen silos, which effectively solves the difficulty of lack of oxygen for the builders. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is also one of the railroad projects with the highest treatment for civil workers, and the railroad department has invested huge sums of money in the management of civil workers to implement the three unities: "unified life, unified residence and unified diet"; for the first time, the daily minimum wage for civil workers was stipulated, and free medical protection was implemented for the civil workers.
[Edit Paragraph]China and the world's largest permafrost research base
In order to overcome the problem of permafrost, the Ministry of Railways has attached great importance to the problem of permafrost research on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway since the start of the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and arranged hundreds of millions of yuan of scientific research funds for the study of permafrost, and organized experts from many scientific research colleges and universities to carry out scientific research on the five permafrost experimental sections of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and acquired a large amount of scientific research data and scientific research results. A large amount of scientific research data and scientific research results have been obtained. The frozen soil research of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway draws on the frozen soil construction experience of large-scale projects such as the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, the Qinghai-Tibet Oil Pipeline, and the Lanxila Optical Fiber Cable, and also explores and draws on the frozen soil research results of Russia, Canada, and Scandinavia, among other countries. At present, Chinese scientists have taken measures such as bridge instead of road, schist ventilated roadbed, ventilated pipe roadbed, gravel and schist berm, hot bar, heat preservation board, comprehensive anti-drainage system, etc., and have made significant progress in permafrost research, and the permafrost research base of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has become the largest permafrost research base in China and even in the world.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also created many new records in terms of paying attention to the life and health of the builders. For the first time in the history of China's engineering construction, the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Health jointly issued a document to make detailed and specific provisions for medical and health protection. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has invested nearly 200 million yuan for the first time in the domestic construction of the project to establish three-level medical and health protection points along the whole line.
In addition, the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also created many other records, for example, four giant flatbed trucks were used to transport the first four sets of internal combustion locomotives allocated by the state to Tibet to the plateau as a whole, creating a number of records in the history of Tibet's highway transportation, and the Ando paving base at an altitude of 4,700 meters is the world's highest elevation of the paving base.
[Edit Paragraph]Plateau ecology has not been significantly affected
In terms of ecological and environmental protection, the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been monitored throughout the whole process: the first introduction of environmental protection supervision in the construction of the project in the country; the first time to sign a statement of responsibility for environmental protection with the local environmental protection department; the first time to put forward the objective of "creating quality and environmental protection" in the history of the construction of the railroad; the first large-scale transplantation of turf, the first time in the history of the construction of the railroad. The first large-scale transplantation of turf; the first time for wild animals to open up migratory corridors ......
Attaching great importance to environmental protection, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is expected to invest more than 2 billion yuan in environmental protection, accounting for 8 percent of the total investment in the project. Lu Chunfang, general director of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Headquarters, said that the environmental protection investment and the proportion of such a large proportion is the first time in the history of domestic construction.
When the Qinghai-Tibet Railway repaired to the doorstep, Naqu County Gulu town party secretary Awan some concern: here is the northern Tibetan Qiangtang grasslands on the most beautiful areas of water and grass, the construction of the railroad will not destroy the grassland? But the railroad builders in the Gulu wetlands to build a train station, invested more than 1.1 million yuan, successfully transplanted and constructed more than 80,000 square meters of man-made wetlands. Awang was relieved: "Although the construction of the railroad took up some grassland, but the green here has not been reduced."
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is the birthplace of giant rivers and is also the center of the world's important origin of mountain biological species, the ecological environment is primitive, unique and fragile. State Environmental Protection Administration, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Railways in the railroad before the commencement of construction, the formation of a joint expert group on the ecological and environmental protection along the line of in-depth research, the development of specific environmental protection measures, and a special budget of more than 1 billion yuan for ecological and environmental protection projects.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Headquarters Party Committee Deputy Secretary Cai Fan said, in order to solve the "ecological fragility" of this problem, the railroad in the design pay attention to minimize the impact on the ecology. In the nature reserve, the railroad line follows the principle of "can avoid to avoid" planning. Construction sites, right-of-way, sand and gravel quarries have been repeatedly surveyed to avoid destroying vegetation as much as possible. For the sections where vegetation is difficult to grow, the construction adopts section-by-section transplantation; for the sections with slightly better natural conditions, artificial cultivation of turf is carried out. Participating construction units and the environmental protection departments of Qinghai and Tibet have signed environmental protection responsibility, take the initiative to accept the supervision and inspection, the whole line has also implemented the environmental protection supervision system.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes through two national nature reserves, Coco Sicily and Qiangtang. In order to protect wildlife, 25 wildlife migration corridors have been built along the railroad. Electronic monitoring by the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Headquarters confirmed that a large number of Tibetan antelopes migrate freely through the wildlife passages along the railroad. Investigations by the General Administration of Environmental Protection and other departments have shown that since the start of construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, permafrost, vegetation, wetland environments, natural landscapes, and water quality of rivers and streams along the route have been effectively protected, and the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has not been significantly affected.
[Edit paragraph] create no case of plateau disease death miracle
Qinghai-Tibetan Railway elevation of 4000 meters above the section accounted for about 85% of the line, the average annual temperature below zero degrees Celsius, most of the areas of the air oxygen content of only 50% -60% of the mainland. Alpine cold and lack of oxygen, sandstorms, ultraviolet rays, natural sources of disease, known as the limit of human survival "forbidden zone". How to ensure the safety of builders in the harsh environment of the plateau is also a world problem.
Deputy Secretary of the General Command Party Committee Cai Fan said, in order to solve this problem, the participating units adhere to the "people-oriented, health protection first", the establishment of a sound three-tier medical security institutions. Railroad along the line **** set up 115 medical institutions, equipped with more than 600 medical personnel, workers sick in half an hour to get effective treatment. At the same time, the staff to carry out regular physical examination, arrangements for employees to the low altitude areas of rotation.
During the construction of the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel at an altitude of more than 4,600 meters, the construction workers carry 5 kilograms of oxygen bottles and work while inhaling oxygen, and in the construction of nearly one year, **** consumes 120,000 bottles of oxygen in 5 kilogram bottles. China Railway 17 Bureau in the construction site dormitory installation of oxygen pipeline, as long as you open the valve, you can always inhale oxygen. In the construction of the wind volcano tunnel at an altitude of 4905 meters, China Railway Bureau 20 built a large oxygen generation station to deliver oxygen to the construction tunnel, so that the oxygen content in the tunnel reaches about 80%, which is equivalent to making the construction site drop in altitude by more than 1,000 meters. It is understood that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway along the line **** established 17 oxygen stations, configured with 25 high-pressure oxygen chamber, tens of thousands of workers per person per day, on average, no less than 2 hours of oxygen.
Under the strong medical security system, since the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started, the total number of patients received more than 45.3 million times, the treatment of cerebral edema 427 cases, 841 cases of pulmonary edema, without a case of death, creating a miracle in the history of plateau medicine.
[edit]Museum of the world permafrost engineering
Permafrost in the frozen state volume expansion, to the summer is the permafrost melting volume shrinkage. Under the repeated action of these two phenomena, the foundation of a road or house will rupture or collapse. The Tibetan Plateau is characterized by low latitude, high altitude, strong sunshine, and frequent tectonic movements, and the complexity and uniqueness of its permafrost is unparalleled in the world.
[edit]Qinghai-Tibet Railway Train Routes
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has opened seven routes to the holy city of Lhasa across the country, currently from Guangzhou to Lhasa, Shanghai to Lhasa, Beijing to Lhasa, Lanzhou to Lhasa, Xining to Lhasa, Chengdu to Lhasa, and Chongqing to Lhasa. The cities through which the Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes are: Beijing, Guangzhou, Changsha, Wuchang, Zhengzhou, Shijiazhuang, Shanghai, Wuxi, Nanjing, Bengbu, Xuzhou, Xi'an, Chengdu, Guangyuan, Baoji, Chongqing, Guang'an, Dazhou, Baoji, Lanzhou, Xining, Delingha, Golmud, Tuo Tuohe, Anduo, Nagchu, and Dangxiong*** counting 27 towns. Train models are mainly air-conditioned express, direct trains are: T264 (T265), T164 (T165), T22 (T23), T222 (T223), T27, N917, K917 arriving at the terminal in Lhasa.
Overall, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the pride of China!