Main uses
1. PVC profiles
Profiles, profiles is the largest area of PVC consumption in China, accounting for about 25% of the total consumption of PVC, mainly used for the production of windows and doors and energy-saving materials, and its application is still a relatively large increase in the country. In developed countries, the market share of plastic doors and windows is also high, such as Germany for 50%, France for 56%, the United States for 45%.
2. Polyvinyl chloride pipes
In many polyvinyl chloride products, polyvinyl chloride pipe is its second largest consumption area, accounting for about 20% of its consumption. In our country, PVC pipe is developed earlier than PE pipe and PP pipe, with many varieties, excellent performance, wide range of use, and occupies an important position in the market.
3. Polyvinyl chloride film
PVC film field of PVC consumption ranks third, accounting for about 10% or so. PVC and additives mixed, plasticized, using three-roller or four-roller calender to make the required thickness of transparent or coloring film, with this method of film processing, become calendered film. It can also be cut and heat-laminated to process bags, raincoats, tablecloths, curtains, inflatable toys and so on. Wide transparent film can be used for greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and ground cover. The bi-directionally stretched film can be used for shrink-wrapping due to its heat-shrinkage property.
4. PVC hard materials and sheets
PVC in the addition of stabilizers, lubricants and fillers, after mixing, with the extruder can be extruded in a variety of calibers of the hard pipe, profiled pipe, corrugated pipe, used as a downpipe, drinking water pipe, wire casing or staircase handrails. The calendered sheets are overlapped and hot pressed to make various thicknesses of rigid sheets. The sheet can be cut into the desired shape, and then welded into various chemical-resistant storage tanks, ducts and containers with hot air using PVC welding rods.
5. PVC general soft goods
The use of extruders can be extruded into hoses, cables, wires, etc.; the use of injection molding machines with a variety of molds, can be made into plastic sandals, soles, slippers, toys, car parts, etc..
6. Polyvinyl chloride packaging materials
Polyvinyl chloride products used for packaging is mainly a variety of containers, film and rigid sheet. pvc containers are mainly used for the production of mineral water, beverages, cosmetic bottles, but also for the packaging of refined oils. pvc film can be used with other polymers *** extrusion production of low-cost laminated products, as well as transparent products with good barrier properties. PVC film is also used in stretch or heat shrink packaging for mattresses, cloth, toys and industrial goods.
7. Polyvinyl chloride siding and flooring
Polyvinyl chloride siding is mainly used to replace aluminum siding. Polyvinyl chloride floor tiles in addition to a portion of the polyvinyl chloride resin, the remaining components are recycled materials, adhesives, fillers and other components, mainly used in airport terminal floors and other places of the hard ground.
8. Polyvinyl chloride consumer goods
Luggage bags are made of polyvinyl chloride processing of traditional products, polyvinyl chloride is used to make a variety of imitation leather, used for luggage, sports products, such as basketballs, soccer balls and rugby, etc.. It is also used to make belts for uniforms and specialized protective equipment. PVC fabrics for apparel are generally adsorbent fabrics (not coated), such as ponchos, baby pants, imitation leather jackets and a variety of rain boots. PVC is used in many sports and recreational products, such as toys, records and sporting goods. PVC toys and sporting goods are growing at a significant rate and have an advantage due to their low production costs and ease of molding.
9.PVC coated products
The artificial leather with backing is PVC paste applied to cloth or paper, and then plasticized above 100 ℃. It can also be made by calendering PVC and additives into a film first, and then pressed together with the backing. Artificial leather without backing is directly calendered by calender into soft sheet of certain thickness and then embossed with pattern. Artificial leather can be used to make leather suitcases, leather bags, book covers, sofas and automobile cushions, etc., as well as flooring leather, which is used as paving materials for buildings.
10.PVC foam products
Soft PVC mixing, add the appropriate amount of blowing agent into the sheet, the foam molding for foam, foam slippers, sandals, insoles, and shockproof cushioning packaging materials. It can be used as foam slippers, sandals, insoles, and shockproof and cushioning packaging materials. It can also be used as low-foaming hard PVC sheets and profiles on the basis of extruder, which can be used instead of wood.
11.PVC transparent sheet
PVC with impact modifier and organic tin stabilizer, by mixing, plasticizing, calendering and become transparent sheet. The use of thermoforming can be made into thin-walled transparent containers or for vacuum blister packaging, is an excellent packaging material and decorative materials.
12. Other
Doors and windows have hard shaped materials assembled. In some countries have been with wood windows and doors aluminum windows and other *** with occupying the market of windows and doors; imitation wood materials, generation of steel building materials (north, seaside); hollow containers.
Identification methods
PVC conventional identification methods are generally summarized in the following three categories, namely:
(1) Combustion method of identification:
Softening or melting temperature range: 75 ~ 90 ° C;
Burning condition: self-extinguishing after ignition;
Burning flame state: on the yellow under the green with smoke; away from the fire after the situation: away from the fire extinguished; Odor: irritating sour smell.
This method is the most simple and direct, generally as the first choice.
(2) solvent handling identification:
Solvents: tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexanone, ketone, dimethylformamide;
Non-solvents: methanol, acetone, heptane.
By adding the suspected PVC plastic into the above solvents and observing the dissolution of the plastic to determine whether it is PVC or not. the solvent is heated, the dissolution effect will be more obvious.
(3) Specific gravity method:
The specific gravity of PVC is 1.35~1.45, generally about 1.38. It is possible to distinguish between PVC and other plastics by the difference in specific gravity or the method of determining specific gravity. However, because PVC can be added by adding plasticizers, modifiers and fillers, so that PVC becomes a large difference in specific gravity, soft and hard difference is very large, but also due to the addition of some components, so that many of the properties of PVC plastics change, resulting in the identification method we commonly used is not obvious, and even the phenomenon of change, can not make accurate judgments. For example: density, plasticized polyvinyl chloride (about 40% plasticizer) when 1.19 ~ 1.35; and PVC hard products but increased to 1.38 ~ 1.50. If it is a high filler PVC products, the density sometimes exceeds 2.
Preparation:
Polyvinyl chloride can be made from ethylene, chlorine, and catalysts by the substitution reaction. Because of its fireproof and heat-resistant effect, PVC is widely used in a variety of industries and a variety of products: wire jackets, fiber optic jackets, shoes, handbags, bags, ornaments, signs and billboards, building decorative items, furniture, wall hangings, rollers, hoses, toys (such as the famous Italian "Rody" jumping horse), door curtains, rolling doors, assistive devices, medical supplies, gloves, some foods. medical supplies, gloves, fresh paper for certain foods, certain fashions, and more.