I. Multiple Choice Questions (***35 points. 1-10 questions have only one correct answer, 2 points for each sub-question. 11-15 questions have at least one correct answer, 3 points for each sub-question. (Choose the right not to choose all get 2 points, choose the wrong or do not choose does not score)
1, supermarkets sell bags of rice package stated on the unit of measurement is: B
A. Newton B. kilograms C. Pascal D. joule
2. the following things related to the data, more consistent with the facts is: C
A. The normal body temperature of a person is about 39 degrees Celsius
B. The mass of a junior high school student is about 500kg
C. The length of a secondary school physics textbook is about 26dm
D. The speed of light propagation in a vacuum is about 3 × 108m/s
3. Figure 1 shows four phenomena, belonging to the phenomenon of reflection of light:A
"Low-carbon life "refers to the life of the energy consumed, materials to minimize, so as to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The following practices are not in line with the concept of "low-carbon life" is C
A. textbooks recycling B. less disposable wooden chopsticks
C. use disposable plastic bags for shopping D. driving in the summer hit the air conditioning, air conditioning temperature should not be too low
5, as shown in Figure 2, the family circuit does not meet the requirements of ( A ). In line with the requirements of ( A ) [Source: Zxxk.Com
6, riding in a public **** car in an emergency, if you can not find the escape hammer and the urgent need to break the window to escape, the use of the following kinds of shoes are most effective:B
A. sneakers B. high heels C. cloth shoes D. slippers
A uniform texture of the object is suspended in a liquid, divided into two pieces of unequal size and then put into a liquid. Two pieces of unequal size and then put into the liquid, then:C
A. large will sink B. small will float C. both objects are suspended D. both objects are floating
8, Figure 2 shows the phenomenon, by doing work to increase the internal energy of the object is:A
A. friction heat B. roasting fire to keep warm C. warming the hands of hand warmer D. heating the water with an alcohol lamp
9, shown in Figure 4, when the switch is switched on and off,
9. As shown in Figure 4, when the switch S is closed, it may cause damage to the ammeter or voltmeter: B
10, alcohol tester can detect whether the driver is drunk driving, Figure 5 (a) is its schematic diagram. R is a fixed-value resistor, R0 is the resistance of the alcohol gas sensor, and the relationship between the value of the resistor and the alcohol content is shown in Figure 4 (b). If the concentration of alcohol gas tested the greater, then: D
A. the sensor resistance the greater B. the current through the sensor the smaller
C. the greater the voltage at both ends of the sensor D. the greater the ammeter
11, air conditioning, refrigerators and other household appliances are to be used in the three-hole plugs and sockets, sockets, there is a hole in the ground, as shown in Figure 6. If this hole in the three-hole socket is not grounded, the following phenomena will not occur: ABC
A. electrical energy consumed by household appliances will increase B. household appliances can not work properly
C. the service life of household appliances will be shortened D. people touching the shell of the household appliances may be electrocuted
12, the city's residential areas, the peak of the evening power use When the user's light is not normal light. The following analysis of the cause is correct: BD
A. the user lamp resistance is small B. the current on the power supply trunk line is large
C. the power plant to provide less electricity D. the user lamps to obtain a low voltage
13, with the Figure 7 shows a variety of access to electricity equipment, the use of energy in the work of the energy belonging to renewable energy sources ABD:
14, as shown in the figure below, the user lamps to obtain electricity.
14, as shown in the circuit, the supply voltage U = 4.5V, and remain unchanged, constant value resistor R1 = 5Ω, varistor R2 maximum resistance value of 20Ω, ammeter range of 0 ~ 0.6A, voltmeter range of 0 ~ 3V. for the protection of the meter, the varistor access to the circuit of the resistance range is:A
A2.5Ω ~ 10Ω. B.0Ω ~ 20Ω
C.5Ω ~ 20Ω. p>C.5Ω～20Ω D. 0Ω～10Ω
15, as shown in Figure 8, the image of the information obtained, the correct is: BD
A. Figure A illustrates that the gravity force on the object is proportional to its mass
B. Figure B indicates that the object is in a uniform linear motion at a speed of 5m/s
C. Figure C indicates that the resistance of a conductor increases as the voltage Increase and increase
D, Figure D indicates that the melting curve of a crystal
Two, fill in the blanks (fill in the correct answer to the question on the horizontal line, 1 point per space, ***17 points)
16, as shown in Figure 10 for the three states of matter molecular model, Figure is the molecular model of the gas, junior high school physics textbooks, and what other physical models, please cite one more example: .
17, you know, the kitchen also contains a lot of physical knowledge.
(1) the kitchen floor is generally paved with non-slip tiles, is to friction;
(2) the rice cooker is the use of the effect of electric current is made, the work will be converted into internal energy;
(3) dumplings can be pinched when pinched dumplings can pinch a beautiful pattern, which is pinched to make the skin of the dumplings occurred; cooking dumplings, the water continues to be heated after the water boiled, the temperature of the water; dumplings float mainly because of the occurrence of the dumpling.
(4) The meaning of "heat" in life is very rich, in physics, "hot weather" in the "hot" refers to the high; "Two hands rubbing each other's hands will be hot" of the "hot" refers to the increase.
18. As shown in the circuit, R1 is a resistor box, the supply voltage remains unchanged at 9V. When the switch is thrown to 1, the voltage is 3V, the resistance of the resistor box at this time for 6Ω, the current in 1min on R2 heat is J; when the switch is thrown to 2, the light bulb happens to be normal light, the voltage is 2 times the original, the bulb's rated power is W.
19. "of a model of a loaded vehicle schematic.
(1) in order to ensure traffic safety, the traffic control department stipulates that the "dirt truck" in the city driving speed shall not exceed 30km / h. In compliance with the premise of traffic rules, the "dirt truck" traveling 3000m at least need h.
(2) the figure of the 12-wheeled "dump truck" loaded with dirt after the total mass of 12t, the car on the horizontal road pressure isN. Provisions of the vehicle on the ground pressure shall not exceed 7 × 105 Pa, assuming that the contact area of each tire and the ground is constant for the 0.02m2, the car loaded with dirt on the ground after the pressure shall not exceed N. Ground pressure shall not exceed N. (g take 10N / kg)
20. "J20" is China's independent research and development of a new type of "stealth fighter", its fuselage materials and coatings on the radar emission
(fill in) "ultrasonic" or "electromagnetic waves") has a good (fill in the "absorption" or "" reflective ").
Three, graphing and experimental questions (31 points)
21. (4 points) shown in Figure 13, MN is a vertically placed plane mirror, please draw the letter "L" in the plane mirror image.
22. (10 points) in the "volt-ampere measurement of constant resistance" experiment, Xiaoming students designed the circuit shown in Figure 9 A, please complete the following questions.
(1) The principle of the experiment is .
(2) When connecting the circuit, the switch; before closing the switch, the slide of the sliding varistor should be slid to the most end (fill in "left" or "right").
(3) After connecting the circuit, close the switch, no matter how to move the slide, the ammeter pointer has no deflection, the voltmeter pointer has a significant deflection, which may be due to the circuit break.
(4) Adjust the sliding varistor, the measured data traced into the graph shown in Figure 9B, the resistance of the resistor R = __ Ω.
(5) After completing the above experiments, Ming also wanted to measure the resistance of a piece of furnace wire Rx, but in the connection of the circuit, found that the ammeter and the sliding varistor have been damaged. So Ming has just measured the constant resistance R, redesigned and connected the circuit shown in Figure 10. The supply voltage is unknown and constant.
Complete the following experimental steps:
Close only switch S1, _________________________________________________;
_____________________________________________________________.
Resistance expression: Rx = ______________.
23. (7 points) Xiaoming in the laboratory with a candle, a convex lens and a light screen to do "investigate the laws of convex lens imaging" experiment.
(1) His experimental setup is shown in Figure 14. If you are his collaborator, please help him point out the two mistakes in the setup:
① _________________________________________;
② _____________________________________ _ ;
(2) After the error is corrected, Xiaoming fixes the lighted candle and convex lens in place, no matter how he moves the light screen, he can only see a circular spot of light of the same size in the center of the light screen because of the following reason _________________________________.
(3) Finally, Ming switched to another lens and found that he could see things in the distance much more clearly with it, which can be seen that Ming's eyes have ________ vision problems.
(4) Each of the instruments (or devices) shown in Figure 15, their uses are:
Figure 15
(A) to measure (B) to measure
(C) can be investigated (D) can be investigated
24. (8 points) Xiaoming is very good at thinking, Xiaoming thought: buoyancy is the upward support of liquid on the object, and the effects of forces between objects are mutual, so the object must have a downward pressure on the liquid, so what is the relationship between the size of the buoyant force and the size of the object's pressure on the liquid?
Xiaoming and Xiaohong using a beaker, water, balance, alloy cylinder, thin wire and spring force gauge, the following investigation:
① in a beaker of water, with the balance to measure the total mass of the beaker and the water m1;
② with a spring force gauge to measure the cylinder's gravity G; [Source: discipline network ZXXK]
③ as shown in Figure 14, the cylinder will be partially immersed in the beaker. Cylinder partially immersed in a beaker of water, stationary at a certain depth, note down the spring dynamometer's display F, then the cylinder by the buoyancy of the water for _______________ (with the amount measured by the spring dynamometer to express); at this time to the right pan of the balance plus the appropriate amount of weights, so that the balance rebalanced, note down the balance's readings m2, then the pressure of the cylinder on the water for _______________ (expressed in terms of the amount measured by the balance).
The following table shows the experimental data recorded by Xiaoming and Xiaohong: (Table h2>h1)
①By analyzing the data in the table, it can be known that: the buoyant force on the cylinder submerged in the water is N, and the pressure of the cylinder on the water is N.
②By analyzing the data in the table, it can be concluded that: the magnitude of buoyant force _____ (optional) "greater than", "less than" or "equal to") the size of the object on the liquid pressure; In addition, they also found: the object immersed before the buoyant force and the depth of immersion (optional) "related", "not related"). In addition to this, what other laws can you find .
3 by the data in the table can be seen, the density of the cylinder is ____________ kg/m3.
Four, calculation questions (this question ****2 small questions, ****19 points . The solution should write the necessary text description, formulas and important calculation steps, only write the final answer can not score)
25 (9 points) thermistor can be used to detect the temperature, such as the circuit shown in Figure 16 A, you can indicate the temperature by the ammeter's signal or voltmeter's signal. It is known that the supply voltage in this circuit is l2 V and the resistance of the constant value resistor R is 200 Ω. The resistance of the thermistor RO varies with temperature as shown in Fig. 25B. Find: (1) How does the ammeter display change when the temperature decreases? (2) How large is the voltmeter's indication when the temperature is 40°C? (3) If it is known that the range of the ammeter is 0 to 30 mA and the range of the voltmeter is 0 to 8 V, what is the maximum temperature that can be measured by this circuit? What is the electrical power consumed by the thermistor RO at this time?
26. (10 points) there is a weight of 1.5N, the bottom area of 20cm2 of the overflow cup on the horizontal table, the cup is full of water weighing 2.5N, the surface of the water just to reach the mouth of the overflow, will be a gently put into the cup, rest as shown in Figure 17, the overflow of 40cm3 of water, when a thin wire will be a block of water completely pressed into the water, and then discharged 10cm3 of water. Find:
(1) the pressure of the cup on the table before the block is put in;
(2) the gravity of the block;
(3) the density of the block.
I. Multiple-choice questions (***35 points. Questions 1-10 have only one correct answer and each question is worth 2 points. Questions 11-15 have at least one correct answer and each question is worth 3 points. (2 points for choosing right but not all, no points for choosing wrong or not choosing)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B C A C A B C A B D ABC BD ABD A BD
II. Fill in the blanks (fill in the blanks with the correct answer on the line of the question, 1 point for each blank, ***17 points)
16.C Atomic structure modeling (reasonable are given points)
17. increase heat electrical energy shape change remain unchanged vaporization temperature internal energy
18: 180, 6.
19: (1) 0.1 (2) 1.2 × 105 8.4 × l04
20: electromagnetic wave absorption
21: as shown in Figure 13, correctly draw the virtual image of the 4 points, a mistake! 0 points.
22: (1) or Ohm's law
(2) disconnect the right
(3) resistance R
(4) 3
(5) experimental steps:
① read the voltmeter for U1
② and then close the switch S2, read the voltmeter for U2;
resistance Rx Expression:
or
23. (7 points) (1) the center of the flame of the candle flame, the center of the light of the convex lens and the center of the light screen is not adjusted to the same height; the convex lens should be placed between the candle and the light screen; (2) the object distance is equal to 1 times the focal length; (3) close. (4) temperature electrical work lever equilibrium conditions liquid internal pressure law
24, (8 points) (1) (1) (iii) G-F ④ m2g-m1g (2) (1) o.4 0.4 (2) = related to the buoyancy of the submerged is not related to the depth
(3) 6.5 × 103
Four, calculations (this question *** 2 subtopic, **** 19 points. The solution should write the necessary text description, formulas and important calculation steps, only write the final answer can not score)
25. (1) When the temperature decreases, the thermistor becomes larger, the current becomes smaller, and the current representation becomes smaller (2 points)
(2) When t = 40 ℃, R0 = 400 Ω, I =... ...=0.02A, U1= I R=......=4V (3 points)
(3) When I =30mA=0.03A, U 1= I R=......= 6V
R0== ...... = 200Ω, t = 58°C (the same score in the range of 55-60°C) (2 points)
P0 = U0I = ...... = 0.18W (2 points)
26. Solution: (1) ∵ F = G = G water + G cup = 2.5N + 1.5N = 4N (1 point)
∴ .....................3 points
(2) Buoyancy: F float = G object = ρ water gV row = 1.0 × 103kg/m3 × 10N/kg × 40 × 10-6m3 = 0.4N ...............3 points
(3) When submerged: V row = V thing = 40cm3 + 10cm3 = 50cm3 = 5×10-5m3
...............3 points