I. Economy Leaps to a New Level
1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita continues to rise In 2017, China's GDP per capita was 59,660 yuan, which is 22.8 times higher than that of 1978 after deducting the price factor, with an average annual growth rate of 8.5% in real terms. China's per capita gross national income (GNI) increased from $200 in 1978 to $8,250 in 2016, exceeding the average level of upper-middle-income countries, and rising to 95th place among 217 countries (regions) published by the World Bank.
2. Financial Strength Significantly Enhanced. in 1978, the state's general public **** budget revenue was only 113.2 billion yuan, and reached 1,725,670,700,000,000 yuan in 2017, with an average annual growth rate of 13.8 percent from 1979 to 2017.
3.Economic scale jumped to the second place in the world.In 1978, China's economy ranked eleventh in the world; in 2010, it surpassed Japan to become the world's second-largest economy.In 2017, China's GDP accounted for about 15 percent of the world's total economy, about 13 percentage points higher than in 1978.
4.Foreign exchange reserves sharply increased. 1978, China's foreign exchange reserves of only 167 million U.S. dollars, ranked 38th in the world, and at the end of 2017 the balance of foreign exchange reserves amounted to 313,999,000,000 U.S. dollars, ranking steadily in the world's first place.
5. Urbanization is steadily advancing.At the end of 2017, the urbanization rate of China's resident population was 58.52%, up 40.6 percentage points from the end of 1978; the urbanization rate of China's household population reached 42.35%, narrowing the gap between the rate and that of the resident population to 16.17 percentage points.
2. Leapfrog Development of Basic Industries
1. Industrial Production Capacity Continues to Improve In 2017, steel output was 1.05 billion tons, 46.5 times higher than that of 1978; cement output was 2.34 billion tons, 34.8 times higher; and automobile output was 29.02 million units, 193.8 times higher.
2. Transportation Construction with Outstanding Results.At the end of 2017, the operating mileage of railroads reached 127,000 kilometers, an increase of 1.5 times compared with the end of 1978, of which high-speed railroads reached 25,000 kilometers, accounting for more than 60% of the world's total high-speed railways.At the end of 2017, the mileage of highways was 4.77 million kilometers, up from the end of 1978 by 4.4 times.
3. Rapid development of postal and telecommunication industry.At the end of 2017, the national cell phone penetration rate reached 102.5 per 100 people; the world's largest mobile broadband network was built, with 1.13 billion mobile broadband subscribers.
Three, the new pattern of all-round opening up gradually formed
1, Foreign investment in the scale and areas continue to expand. In 2017, China's actual use of foreign direct investment (FDI) amounted to 131 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 91.3 times compared with 1984, with an average annual growth rate of 14.7%.
From 1979 to 2017, China's cumulative total of 189.66 billion U.S. dollars of FDI, is the developing country that attracts the most FDI.
2. Rapid development of outward investment cooperation.In 2017, China's outward FDI (excluding banking, securities and insurance) amounted to 120.1 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 41.1 times compared with 2003, with an average annual growth rate of 30.6%.
Four, Science and Technology Development Gradually Growing
Science and Technology Team Developing and Growing.In 2017, there were 4,034,000 full-time equivalent years of research and development personnel nationwide, a five-fold increase from 1991, as calculated by the equivalent full-time workload. By the standard of equivalent full-time workload, China's total number of R&D personnel surpassed that of the United States in 2013, ranking first in the world for five consecutive years.
V. Improvement of People's Living Conditions
1. Income of Urban and Rural Residents Significantly Increased In 2017, per capita disposable income of the nation's residents reached 25,974 yuan, which, after deduction of the price factor, was 22.8 times higher than that in 1978 in real terms.In 2017, per capita net income from property accounted for 8.1 percent of all disposable income. weight reached 8.1%.
2. Living Conditions of Residents Continuously Improving In 2017, the national residents' per capita consumption expenditure was 18,322 yuan, deducting the price factor, an 18-fold increase in real terms over 1978, with an average annual growth rate of 7.8%. Living conditions have improved significantly.In 2017, the per capita housing floor area for urban and rural residents increased by 30.2 and 38.6 square meters respectively compared with 1978. Life expectancy of residents increased from 67.8 years in 1981 to 76.7 years in 2017.
3. Competitive sports and mass sports*** are developing together. from 1978 to 2017, China's athletes*** won 3,314 world championships. The national fitness movement has flourished, and nearly 400 million people regularly participate in physical exercise.
Reference Reform and Opening Up Forty Years of Achievements- The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China*** and the State of China