What are those ports on the back of the computer case?

1: parallel port (the longest one (25 pins))

2: VGA port. (connected to the monitor that is not)

3: com port, ps/2 port (there is a 9-pin small trapezoidal port and two 9-pin round port)

4: RS232: asynchronous transmission standard port RS485

5: com port was originally connected to the peripheral MODEM, modulation of network equipment. Connected to an external device depends on what device.