Generally a large container, which is loaded with things that need to be cooled, and then the outside has been dripping or how, anyway, is through the physical principle of heat absorption through evaporation to cooling
1, cooling tower cooling tower
Industry, so that the hot water cooling equipment. Water is transported to the tower, so that the water and air heat exchange, or heat, mass exchange, in order to achieve the purpose of reducing the temperature of the water.
2, wet cooling tower wet cooling tower
Water and air in direct contact, heat and mass exchange at the same time the cooling tower.
3, dry cooling tower dry cooling tower
Water and air are not in direct contact, only heat exchange cooling tower.
4, dry-wet cooling tower dry-wet cooling tower
By the dry, wet two parts of the cooling tower.
5, natural draft cooling tower natural draft cooling tower
By the tower inside and outside the air density difference or natural wind formed by air convection effect of ventilation cooling tower.
6, mechamical draft cooling tower mechamical draft cooling tower
By wind ventilation cooling tower.
7, wind cylinder cooling tower chimney cooling tower
With hyperbolic, cylindrical, polygonal and other geometric lines of a certain height of the wind cylinder cooling tower.
8, open cooling tower atmospheric cooling tower
There is no wind turbine, cooling tower ventilation by natural wind, set up around the shower filler hundred cloth page window cooling tower.
9, induced draft mechanical cooling tower induced draft mechanical cooling tower
The fan is set in the cooling tower outlet cooling tower.
10, forced draft mechanical cooling tower forced draft mechnical cooling tower
The fan is set in the cooling tower inlet cooling tower.
11, cross-flow cooling tower crossfolw cooling tower
The water falls vertically from the upper part of the tower, the air flows horizontally through the drenching filler, the airflow and water flow orthogonal to the cooling tower.
12, counter flow cooling tower counter flow cooling tower
The water falls vertically in the tower, the direction of air flow and water flow in the opposite direction of the cooling tower.
13, airtight cooling tower Airtight cooling tower
Cooling tower with the self-circulating water cooling water circulating water in the copper tube. It can ensure the quality of circulating water in the copper pipe.
The working principle of the cooling tower
Cooling tower is the use of water and air contact, through the evaporation effect to dissipate industrial or refrigeration and air-conditioning in the waste heat generated by a device. The basic principle is: dry (low enthalpy) air through the fan after the pumping, from the air inlet network into the cooling tower; saturated vapor pressure of high temperature water molecules to the pressure of low air flow, hot and humid (high enthalpy) water from the water broadcasting system sprinkled into the tower. When the water droplets and air contact, on the one hand, due to the air and not direct heat transfer, on the other hand, due to the water vapor surface and the air between the existence of a pressure difference between the pressure under the action of the phenomenon of evaporation, brought to the present for the latent heat of evaporation away from the heat in the water that is, the heat transfer by evaporation to achieve the purpose of the cooling. Cooling tower work process: round countercurrent cooling tower work process as an example: hot water from the main engine room through the pump to a certain pressure through the pipeline, transverse throat, curved throat, the center of the throat will circulate water pressure to the cooling tower of the water broadcasting system, through the broadcasting pipe on the small holes in the water will be uniformly sown in the filler on top of the dry low HAN value of the air in the role of the fan from the bottom of the into the wind network into the tower, hot water flows through the surface of the filler when When the hot water flows through the surface of the packing material, it forms a water film and heat exchange with the air, the hot air with high humidity and high晗value is pumped out from the top, and the cooling water drips into the bottom basin and flows into the main machine through the outlet pipe. In general, the air into the tower, is dry and low wet bulb temperature air, water and air between the concentration of water molecules and kinetic energy pressure difference obviously exists, when the fan is running, in the tower under the action of static pressure, water molecules continue to evaporate into the air as water vapor molecules, the remaining water molecules of the average kinetic energy will be lowered, so that the temperature of the circulating water drop. From the above analysis can be seen, evaporation cooling and air temperature (usually said dry bulb temperature) is lower or higher than the water temperature has nothing to do, as long as the water molecules can continue to evaporate into the air, the water temperature will be reduced. However, the evaporation of water into the air does not continue indefinitely. When the air in contact with the water is not saturated, the water molecules evaporate continuously into the air, but when the air on the water-air contact surface is saturated, the water molecules do not evaporate, but are in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The number of water molecules that evaporate is equal to the number of water molecules that return to the water from the air, and the temperature of the water remains constant. It can be seen that the drier the air in contact with the water, the easier the evaporation takes place and the temperature of the water decreases.
Classification of cooling towers
First, according to the ventilation of natural ventilation cooling tower, mechanical ventilation cooling tower, mixed ventilation cooling tower.
Second, according to the hot water and air contact with wet cooling tower, dry cooling tower, dry and wet cooling tower.
Third, according to the direction of flow of hot water and air counter-current cooling tower, cross-flow (AC) type cooling tower, mixed flow cooling tower.
Fourth, according to the use of general air-conditioning cooling tower, industrial cooling tower, high temperature cooling tower.
Fifth, according to the noise level is divided into general cooling tower, low noise cooling tower, ultra-low noise cooling tower, ultra-quiet cooling tower.
VI. Other cooling towers such as jet cooling towers, fanless cooling towers, hyperbolic cooling towers and so on.
Scope of application of cooling towers
Industrial production or refrigeration process of waste heat, generally used to guide away cooling water. The role of the cooling tower is to carry the waste heat of the cooling water in the tower and the air for heat exchange, so that the waste heat transfer to the air and scattered into the atmosphere. For example: in a thermal power plant, the boiler heats water into high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which drives the turbine to do work to make the generator generate electricity, and the waste steam after the turbine does work is discharged into the condenser, which condenses into water by heat exchange with the cooling water and pumps it back to the boiler for recycling. In this process, the waste heat of the steam is transferred to the cooling water, so that the temperature of the water rises, with the waste heat of the cooling water, in the cooling tower, the heat will be transferred to the air, from the air blower into the atmosphere. Cooling tower applications: mainly used in air conditioning cooling system, freezing series, injection molding, tanning, foaming, power generation, turbines, aluminum processing, air compressors, industrial water cooling and other fields, the most widely used for air conditioning cooling, refrigeration, plastics and chemical industries.
Structure
In order to save energy, large cooling towers are mostly natural ventilation cooling tower, which consists of a ventilation cylinder, herringbone column, ring base, drenching device and tower core materials.
The ventilation cylinder is mostly reinforced concrete hyperbolic rotating shell, with good structural mechanics and hydrodynamic properties. The lower edge of the shell supported on an equal distance from the V-shaped or X-shaped diagonal pillars to form the cooling tower air inlet. The load of the shell is transmitted to the foundation through the inclined columns. The foundation is mostly made into a ring foundation with a sloping surface to withstand part of the ring tension from the inclined column, can also be made into a separate single foundation or pile foundation.
The diameter of the throat of the ventilation tube is the smallest, when calculating the pressure stability of the shell, the shell wall is the thinnest, from which the upward gradual increase in diameter constitutes the airflow outlet diffusion section, the tower is equipped with a rigid ring at the top of the tower, and the throat is gradually expanded by the following hyperbolic shape, the lower section of the shell wall is also correspondingly thickened to form a certain rigidity of the lower ring beam. The ventilator can also be made into a truncated conical shell or a combination of conical shells, or a polygonal tower with a steel frame covered with wood or asbestos cement sheathing. Germany's nuclear power plant in Schermerhausen, a 146-meter-high dry cooling tower in the use of the network cable structure of the tower, the outer aluminum sheathing, outer aluminum sheathing, has a better seismic and wind performance. After the water is heated, generating high-pressure gas to drive the turbine to generate electricity, and the remaining gas needs to be cooled, the working principle is this: the cooling tower of the power plant on the water is pumped up, through the water distributor will be uniformly scattered down, generally the height of the cooling tower of dozens of meters, like a huge chimney, can be air pumped up from the bottom, in the process of contact between the air and water droplets will be taken away the heat, so as to play the role of cooling water. The role of cooling water.
2. Central air conditioning also has a cooling tower role is to play the role of cooling circulating fluid.
3. There are professional production of glass fiber reinforced plastic cooling tower, commonly known as cooling water tower, cold water tower, cool water tower, glass fiber reinforced plastic tower, water tower, etc., the main square, round, cross-flow, counter-current, no filler spray series cooling tower.
Automatic rotating atomized cooling tower and the traditional packing type cooling tower also has the following incomparable advantages:
1, due to the absence of filler, the tower is basically in a hollow state, fan resistance, low noise.
2, the use of the company's patented technology to produce high-efficiency water collector, effectively reducing the drift, water-saving effect is obvious.
3, the tower body adopts streamlined design, fan and wind cylinder with a small gap, resulting in large air volume, wind speed, cooling effect.
4, automatic rotary atomizer made of polymer wear-resistant materials, corrosion resistance, long service life.
5, the modular design, easy to transport, installation, commissioning.
6, no clogging, no maintenance, stable and reliable operation. Completely eliminate the packing tower due to impurities in the circulating water clogging packing and packing aging, deformation, brittle cracks, water distribution nozzle clogging and flushing down, packing debris clogging pipelines, pumps and heat exchangers, and a series of phenomena affecting the performance of the tower and process system equipment. It completely eliminates the trouble of frequent cleaning and replacement of packing and water distribution nozzle.
Liaoyang Shuangjia Fluid Machinery Co.
Second, the composition of the equipment and working principle
Composition of the equipment: automatic rotating atomized cooling tower by the water inlet pipe, automatic rotating atomizer, shell, collector, fans, motors, air inlet window, water collection plate (water tank), water outlet pipe, bracket, ladder, and other parts and components (see the structural schematic diagram).
Note: The above is for a single tower of the structure description, for different processing capacity, can be composed of double tower, multi-tower structure.
Working principle: automatic rotating atomized cooling tower is through the circulating cooling water and cold, dry air heat conduction and evaporation of circulating cooling water to take away the latent heat of vaporization and achieve the purpose of reducing the water temperature. Circulating cooling water with a certain pressure through the inlet pipe into the cooling tower, in the atomizer under the action of the cyclone jet, is atomized into a 0.1mm diameter fog vapor to the tower top direction of the jet, the jet generated by the counter-thrust drive the automatic rotating device rotation, resulting in the atomization of the water filled with the entire tower. Installed in the tower at the top of the axial fan rotation, the surrounding environment of the cold, dry air through the air intake window forcibly sucked into the cooling tower and the circulating cooling water for mass transfer, heat transfer. Atomizer jet atomized water flow rate is very fast, and has entrainment, roll suction effect, so that the atomizer around a certain negative pressure, increasing the cooling tower from the surrounding environment of the amount of wind and air intake flow rate, while driving the bottom of the air upward flow, resulting in cold, dry air and water mist mixing, contact with the fuller (gas-water ratio of up to 1.2 or so), the atomization of the particles of the water stream has been further refinement, the diameter can be reduced to 0.01 mm, air, water, fully mixed with the fog flow upward jet to the top of the tower installed on the collector, the water is retained and return to the cooling tower in the shape of a water curtain, air and water heat through the collector out of the tower.
From the above work process can be seen, the circulating cooling water in the cooling tower has a rise, suspended, down three processes. At the same time, there are downstream cooling and countercurrent cooling two processes, so the contact time with the cold, dry air longer, more fully, take away more heat. At the same time, due to the elimination of packing, air resistance phenomenon does not exist, reducing the power of the motor to drive the fan rotation, to reduce operating costs and improve the temperature difference between the water in and out of the effect. In addition, the contact area of water and air after atomization is far more than the contact area of water and air in the packing type cooling tower. Based on these points, atomized cooling tower heat exchange efficiency is higher, the motor power fan model selection is smaller, energy saving effect is more obvious.