However, the purity of solar-grade silicon wafer can only reach 99.9999%, which is six nines.
You can refer to the following link:/news/content/2008/3/3786.html.
Solar photovoltaic industry research report Energy is the material basis for human society to survive and an important resource for economic and social development. For a long time, the large-scale development and utilization of fossil energy has not only rapidly consumed the precious resources accumulated by the earth for hundreds of millions of years, but also brought serious environmental problems such as climate change and ecological destruction, which directly threatened the sustainable development of mankind. With the progress of science and technology, people's understanding of renewable energy, especially new renewable energy such as wind energy, solar energy and hydropower, is deepening. As an inexhaustible renewable energy source, solar energy has been paid more and more attention by countries all over the world, especially developed countries. The scale of solar photovoltaic industry is constantly expanding and the technical level is gradually improving, which has become a bright spot in the world energy field and presents a good development prospect.
First, the basic situation of foreign solar photovoltaic industry
Japan, Germany and the United States are the most powerful countries to promote photovoltaic power generation systems. According to the data, the EU hopes to install 3GW photovoltaic power generation device in 20 10, and increase it to about 200GW in 2030. The United States predicts that the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation will reach 36GW in 2020. Japan plans to install nearly 5GW by 20 10.
Japan implemented the "Asahi Seven-year Plan" in 1994. At present, nearly 70,000 solar roofs have been installed, and it is estimated that 1 10,000 solar roofs will be installed by 20 10. In 2000, Germany passed the Renewable Energy Law to encourage renewable energy at a fixed preferential electricity purchase price, and further supplemented and revised the Renewable Energy Law in April 2004, which greatly increased the equipment of photovoltaic power generation system in Germany in 2004, surpassing Japan to become the country with the largest installed area of photovoltaic power generation system in the world. According to the data provided by Solarbuzz, the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation system in Germany was 36 1mw in 2004, up by 1.52% year-on-year, accounting for 39% of the global total. Japan accounts for 30% of the world's installed capacity with 278MW. Germany and Japan account for more than two-thirds of the world's installed capacity. At present, China's battery products are mainly exported to these two countries. In 1997, the United States announced the plan of one million roofs, and it is planned to install photovoltaic power generation and photothermal systems on 10,000 roofs by 20 10.
In recent ten years, with the rapid increase of the world photovoltaic market demand and the continuous improvement of large-scale manufacturing technology, the rapid development of the world photovoltaic industry has been promoted. The output of photovoltaic cells increased from 65438+78.6MW in 0995 to 1727MW in 2005, with an average annual increase of 32.4%. It can be predicted that in the next 15 years, the world photovoltaic production scale will maintain an average annual growth of more than 20%. More optimistically, by 20 10, global solar energy production will increase by 4 times, sales revenue will increase by 3 times, and profits will increase by 3 times.
The world photovoltaic cell manufacturing industry is mainly concentrated in Japan, Germany, the United States, Spain and other developed countries. Among them, Japanese photovoltaic cell output reached 833MW in 2005, accounting for nearly half of the world photovoltaic market share, and Chinese mainland entered one of the top ten countries in the world. In 2005, the output of photovoltaic cells was 65438±0.28 MW, ranking fourth in the world, accounting for 7.4% of the world market share.
Annual Statistics: 1995-2005 World Solar Cell Output and Growth Rate
Year19951996199719981999 2000 2006 5438+0 2002 2003 2004 2005.
Output (MW) 78.689.6125.8153201.4 278 395 536 7421194/727.
Growth rate (%)12.614 40.421.531.8 38 42.135.7 38.4 60.9 44.6
99-05 growth rate
List of production capacity and market share of major solar cell manufacturers in the world in 2005
Company Name Product Type Country/Region Output (MW) Capacity (MW) Market Share Output Ranking
Sharp single/polysilicon amorphous silicon Japan 428 600 24.78% 1
Q Cell/Polysilicon Germany 160 300 9.26% 2
Kyocera Polycrystalline Silicon Japan 142 240 8.22% 3
Sanyo amorphous silicon/scandium silicon * amorphous silicon Japan 125 158 7.24% 4
Mitsubishi Polysilicon Japan 100 135 5.79% 5
Schott solar polysilicon
Silicon-containing EFG
Amorphous silicon Germany 95 1 13 5.50% 6
BP solar single/polysilicon
Amorphous silicon USA 90 157 5.2 1% 7
Suntech Solar Monocrystalline/Polycrystalline Silicon China Wuxi 85 120 4.92% 8
China Taiwan Province Province 60 100 3.47% 9
Shell solar single/polysilicon CIS thin film Germany 591103.42%10
Heterophotonic monocrystalline silicon Spain 53 90 3.07% 1 1
German polysilicon battery Germany 38 40 2.20% 12
Photoelectric polysilicon France 24 30 1.39%
United solar energy company
Bidirectional amorphous silicon USA 22 30 1.27%
gold card
Solartech Amorphous Silicon Japan 21231.22%15
Sunshine monocrystalline silicon USA 20 50 1. 16%
Ersol solar polysilicon Germany 20251.16%17.
100 million tons of solar energy (Yitong) single crystal/polysilicon China Taiwan Province Province 20281.16%18.
The first solar energy CdTe USA 20251.16%19
General electric energy company (formerly Astropower) monocrystalline silicon USA 18 25 1.04% 20
Sunway polysilicon Germany 16 42 0.93% 2 1
Silicon Evergreen Solar Energy (Ribbon) USA14150.81%22
MHI Amorphous Silicon Japan 12 12 0.69% 23
Ningbo solar monocrystalline silicon China 12 16 0.69% 24
Tianda Photovoltaic CdTe Thin Film Germany 10 30 0.58 35
The world total is 1727- 100%.
Second, China solar photovoltaic industry and its application
(A) Photovoltaic industry
1, silicon material and silicon wafer
At present, the raw material widely used by solar cell manufacturers is polysilicon, which is also the raw material of semiconductors. Polycrystalline silicon is extracted from metallurgical grade silicon with low silicon purity. The purity of solar grade silicon should reach 99.9999%, that is, six nines, while the purity of semiconductor silicon should reach 99.999999%, that is, 12 nines.
With the sustained and rapid growth of photovoltaic industry, the semiconductor industry mainly relies on the head and tail materials, waste materials and excess capacity used by silicon, which can no longer meet the demand of photovoltaic market. The competitive demand for silicon materials in photovoltaic and semiconductor industries has directly led to the current tight supply and price increase of silicon materials, from $24 per kilogram in 2003 to $32 in 2004, and the current market price is pushing up to 100. At present, major silicon manufacturers are expanding their production capacity, and the new production capacity is basically used to meet the demand of photovoltaic industry. However, according to the data analysis of market demand and future supply capacity of major silicon suppliers, the tight supply of silicon materials will be alleviated by 2008.
Relationship between photovoltaic supply and demand of polysilicon raw materials in the world
The consequences of tight supply are not only soaring prices, but also some battery companies simply can't get silicon materials. More than 90% of the silicon materials used by battery enterprises in China are imported. Many battery companies have been hollowed out because they don't have enough silicon materials, and even are in a situation of "waiting for rice to cook".
Up to now, the refining technology for producing high-purity polysilicon is still in the hands of a few enterprises in developed countries. The following table gives the output and photovoltaic supply data of eight global high-purity polysilicon raw material manufacturers, such as SGS, Hemlock, Wacker, Tokuyama and AsiMI.
List of output and photovoltaic supply of crystalline silicon raw material manufacturers in the world
Manufacturer's Name Country 2004-2005 Forecast
Total output (ton) Photovoltaic power supply (ton)
SGS (joint venture with AsiMI) USA 2 100 2 100 2300 2300
American hemlock 7000 2700 7400 2700
Wake Germany 5000 2400 5000 2400
Tokuyama Japan 5200 2000 5200 2000
Asmi USA 2200 0 3000 200
MEMC Italy 2500 3700 700
Sumitomo Titanium, Sumitomo Japan 700 700
Mitsubishi * Japan 2800 300 2800 300
Other 500 0 2000 1000
The total is 28000 9500 3210011600.
Other suppliers of silicon raw materials for photovoltaic (including scrap, waste, inventory, etc. in semiconductor industry). ) 4000 4000.
The total amount of photovoltaic applications is 13500 15600.
* Mitsubishi production is the total output of Mitsubishi materials and Mitsubishi polycrystals.
Realizing that this is a big bull market, foreign silicon producers have taken action to actively expand their production capacity. For example, Hemlock, the world's largest supplier of silicon materials, announced in mid-October this year that it plans to invest 400-500 million US dollars in the United States to expand its production capacity and expand its existing production capacity by 50%. Wacker, the world's third largest producer of silicon materials, also has ambitious plans to expand its production capacity from the current 5,000 tons to 9,000 tons in 2007.
Due to the current shortage of international silicon supply, it has brought adverse effects to the rapidly heating domestic photovoltaic industry. However, investing in silicon materials will face higher capital, technology and talent thresholds than investing in solar cell production, but the most important threshold is not capital, but technology. At present, there are mainly Guangxin Silicon Industry and Luoyang Semiconductor Factory that master the production technology of silicon materials in China. The projects of Luoyang Semiconductor Factory and Emei Semiconductor Factory, as the research and production bases of Guangxin Silicon Industry, have been built for many years before, but due to the limitations of low technical level, insufficient funds and small scale, they simply cannot compete with international giants. In order to get rid of the passive situation of foreign silicon materials as soon as possible, domestic qualified enterprises are also accelerating the increase of polysilicon production. Guangxin Silicon Industry introduced Russian technology and invested10.20 million yuan to build10.20 million tons polysilicon project. Luoyang Zhongsi relies on the technical team of Emei Semiconductor Material Factory. The 300-ton polysilicon project has been put into production, and the second phase of the project is under construction. Tianwei company, which mainly produces batteries and components, is also accelerating its expansion to the upstream of the industry. In 2005, it acquired Sichuan Emei Semiconductor Material Factory and became its second largest shareholder.
The production of silicon ingots/wafers for solar cells mainly includes the drawing of monocrystalline silicon rods, the manufacture of polycrystalline silicon ingots and slicing. Before 2003, the production scale of silicon ingots/wafers in China was small, and the cost advantage was not obvious. After two years of development since 2004, the number of production enterprises has increased and the output has increased. The production of silicon ingot/wafer has formed a certain scale, and the wafer production capacity can basically meet the domestic market demand.
Production and supply of crystalline silicon materials in China
Name of enterprise Current production capacity (ton) Technology of new and expanded production capacity (ton)
Source production time
Sichuan Guangxin Silicon Industry Technology Co., Ltd. 0 1200 Emei Semiconductor Material Factory introduced some Russian technologies and foreign equipment in early 2007.
Luoyang Gui Zhong High-tech Co., Ltd. 30 Phase I 300
Phase II 3000 Luoyang Monocrystalline Silicon Company, China Nonferrous Engineering Design Institute, phase I at the end of 2005, phase II in 2007.
Construction of 0 5000 Russian Institute of Rare Metals in Shizuishan City, Ningxia
Yunnan Aixingui Technology Co., Ltd. Phase 0 1 3000
A total of 1 10,000 tons was imported from Germany, and the first phase investment was 2.5 billion. At the end of 2007,
Jiangsu Shunda Semiconductor Development Co., Ltd. Phase I 1500 tons, totaling 3,000 tons, with a total investment of 3 billion US hemlock, Phase I in 2007.
Linghai City, Liaoning Province introduced American production line at 0 1000, with an investment of 1 1 billion.
0 1000 Sichuan Lei Chao industrial co., ltd cooperated with American companies to introduce technical products to prepare for export mode.
Emei Semiconductor Material Factory 100 220 Independent Technology 2006
2. Photovoltaic cells and modules
In recent years, China's photovoltaic manufacturing capacity has achieved leap-forward development, especially since 2002, with the completion and production of new-scale enterprises such as Wuxi Suntech and Baoding Tianwei Yingli, and the capacity expansion of original major enterprises such as Tianda Photovoltaic and Ningbo Solar, China's photovoltaic cell capacity has been rapidly improved. In addition, a large number of large-scale photovoltaic module packaging enterprises have emerged, typically including Shanghai Solar Technology, Jiayang New Energy, Kyocera (Tianjin), Lino Sambo, etc., which has enabled China to rapidly move towards the world's photovoltaic manufacturing power in terms of module and battery production.
In the past three years, China's photovoltaic manufacturing has stepped up step by step, and it is in a high growth period with an average annual growth rate exceeding 100%. In 2002, China photovoltaic manufacturing ranked among the top 10 in the world for the first time, and the output of components and batteries ranked seventh in the world. In 2003, the output of batteries and components in China ranked sixth and fifth respectively in the world. In 2005, the manufacturing industry of photovoltaic cells and components in China ranked the top four in the world, and the output of photovoltaic cells and components ranked the fourth. Although the shortage of upstream silicon wafers since the end of 2003 has affected the further development of photovoltaic production in China to some extent.
List of photovoltaic silicon wafer production and capacity in China
Enterprise Name Product Type 2004 (MW) 2005 (MW)
Output year-end capacity output year-end capacity
Baoding Tianwei Yingli polysilicon wafer 4.7 6.0 15 70
Ningbo Jingyuan Solar Energy (Sino-Italian Solar Energy) Polycrystalline Silicon Wafer 2 2 3 5
Hebei jinglong group monocrystalline silicon rod
800 tons of monocrystalline silicon wafer
20MW 800
20mw 1000t
24mw1000t
25MW
Zhenjiang Huantai Silicon Industry has 2 million pieces of monocrystalline silicon.
6 million tablets (4 MW)
(15mw) 700 million tablets
(17mw)100000 tablets.
(25 MW)
Hairun science and technology monocrystalline silicon wafer 654.38+0 million.
(3mw)10 million tablets
(30mw) 600 million tablets
(15mw)15 million+0.5 million tablets
(40 MW)
Nippon Silicon Single Crystal Rod 10 ton 30 ton 40 ton 400 ton
Single crystal silicon rod of Jinzhou Xinhua Yingshi Glass Group Company-188 -200 tons
Ningbo solar monocrystalline silicon wafer1MW1MW1MW1MW
Xi anlijing electronic monocrystalline silicon wafer1MW1MW1MW1MW
Kunming tianda photovoltaic monocrystalline silicon wafer 0.5MW 0.5MW 0.5MW 0.5MW
In February 2006, the trial production of Xinjiang new energy monocrystalline silicon wafer was successful, and the production capacity reached 100MW.
Shunda semiconductor monocrystalline silicon rod
Monocrystalline silicon wafers began mass production of monocrystalline silicon rods in early 2005. The output in 2005 was about 300 tons. At present, the annual production capacity is about 450 tons and will reach 800 tons by the end of 2006. Silicon wafer products have been put into production since March 2006.
Gong Jing Shaoxing solar polysilicon wafers were put into production at the end of 2005, with the first-phase production capacity of 10MW, and will reach 3 million wafers in 2006.
Changzhou Trina Solar monocrystalline silicon wafer was put into production at the end of 2005, with a production capacity of 30MW, and the production capacity is being expanded to1300mW.
Seville LDK polysilicon wafer was put into production in March 2006, with a production capacity of 75MW, 200MW in 2007 and 400MW in 2008.
At present, Luoyang monocrystalline silicon wafer mainly supplies semiconductor applications, and 100MW photovoltaic wafer will be formed in the future.
Gaojia solar monocrystalline silicon wafers were mass-produced at the end of 2005, with a processing capacity of 8 million wafers (20MW) in the first phase and 24 million wafers in the second phase.
Total amount of polysilicon wafer
monocrystalline silicon piece
Silicon wafer 6.7 MW
29.5 MW
36.2 MW 8 MW
68.5 MW
76.5 MW 18.5 MW
63.5 MW
82.0 MW 85 MW
140 MW
225 MW
It's huge. With more and more enterprises investing in photovoltaic industry, by the end of 2005, the total capacity of photovoltaic cells in China will reach 250MW, and the total capacity of modules will exceed 400MW. At present, China has become the third largest photovoltaic manufacturing country after Japan and Germany.
Output and growth rate of photovoltaic cells and modules in China
Year1996199719981999 2000 2006 5438+0 2002 2003 2004 2005.
Component output (MW)1.822.1.2.53.1.4.1.14.9 24.8 88.8 210.
Growth rate (%) 50.1.10.55 2419 32.3 263 66.4 258136
Battery output (MW)1.822.1.2.53.1.4.31.91952.8150.
Growth rate (%) 50.1.10.55 2419 32.3190 59.7178185.
List of output of major photovoltaic cell and module manufacturers in China
Manufacturer's product type: output in 2004 (MW) and output in 2005 (MW)
battery pack
Shangde solar monocrystalline silicon
Polysilicon 35 40 85 85
Tianwei Yingli Polysilicon 4 5 4 17
Zhongdian photovoltaic monocrystalline silicon
Polysilicon -5-
Shanghai solar polysilicon
Single crystal silicon-10-30
Kyocera (Tianjin) Polysilicon-10- 15
Tianda Photovoltaic Monocrystalline Silicon 4 3 10 9
Ningbo solar monocrystalline silicon 5 4.5 12 12
Chuangyi technology amorphous silicon
Polysilicon 2.5 5.5 3 7
Huck new energy amorphous silicon 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Lino Sampo polysilicon-1.0-3
Amorphous silicon of Jinneng battery 0.50.53.53.5
Jeni new energy monocrystalline silicon
Polysilicon -0. 1-7.5
Jiayang new energy monocrystalline silicon
Polysilicon -2.4-6.5
Jiaotong University Sun Monocrystalline Silicon -0.535
Xuanzhong new energy
(Aoqi solar energy) monocrystalline silicon
Polysilicon -0.5-2
Shihua innovation monocrystalline silicon
Polysilicon -6
Other-1.052 10
Total 52.8 88.8128.3219.3.
By the end of 2005, the total production capacity of photovoltaic cells, modules and silicon wafers in China was 420MW, 450MW and 225MW respectively.
Photovoltaic power generation application
At present, the application of solar photovoltaic power generation in China is mainly concentrated in the western region without electricity, and the domestic market is not enough to absorb the increasing production capacity of manufacturers. At present, more than 90% of photovoltaic products in China are exported to Europe, Japan and other international markets.
List of Major Photovoltaic Power Generation Projects in China
Project name, investor support, main contents, implementation period and implementation area
"Bright Project" pilot project The National Development and Reform Commission and local governments invested 4 million yuan to establish village power stations and household systems, helping to establish sales networks and strengthen institutional capacity building in 2000-Tibet, Inner Mongolia and Gansu
In 2002-2003, the former State Planning Commission and local governments established centralized power stations in Xinjiang, Tibet, Gansu, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan and Qinghai.
Inner Mongolia new energy electrification plan Inner Mongolia government subsidizes the farmer system by 225 million RMB 200 1- Inner Mongolia.
From 2002 to 2007, the World Bank and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) REDP project provided $25.5 million in subsidies for the sale of rural household systems to help institutional capacity building and technological progress in Xinjiang, Tibet, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan and Qinghai.
From 2002 to 2006, the Dutch government provided 654.38 million euros in subsidies to the rural family system in Xinjiang.
German Aid KFW Project * In 2003-2005, the German government spent 26 million euros to build rural power stations in Xinjiang, Yunnan, Qinghai and Gansu.
German aid GTZ project * * German government technical support and training about 4.6 million euros in 2003- Qinghai, Yunnan, Tibet, Gansu
Canadian solar energy project Canadian government 3.43 million Canadian dollars to establish demonstration power station and management training 2003-2005 Inner Mongolia
Japan assisted the NEDO project, and the Japanese government invested 38.53 million yuan to establish a demonstration power station; Laboratory construction 1998-2002 Xinjiang, Tibet, Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Qinghai, Yunnan, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Hebei.
* Full name of *KFW project: Sino-German financial cooperation western solar energy project.
* * full name of **GTZ project: a Sino-German technical cooperation project to improve local development opportunities by applying renewable energy in rural areas.
With the sustained and rapid growth of the world photovoltaic market demand and the promulgation and implementation of China's Renewable Energy Law, while the photovoltaic manufacturing industry in China is growing rapidly, the pace of photovoltaic application will be accelerated. According to the medium and long-term development plan of renewable energy, the photovoltaic power generation in China will reach 2GW in 2020. Although there is a gap with developed countries, compared with the photovoltaic power generation in China in 2004, the growth rate in the next 20 years will be considerable. At present, relevant departments are studying and formulating supporting policies for photovoltaic power generation.
The following table analyzes and forecasts the data of photovoltaic industry in China in the next five years from the aspects of component price (RMB /Wp), component output (MW), component output value (RMB 100 million), annual grid-connected installed capacity (%) and cumulative installed capacity (MW).
Main Data Forecast of Photovoltaic Industry in China in 2005-20 10
Annual component price
(meta /Wp) component output
Component output value (MW)
(100 million yuan) annual grid-connected installed capacity
Share (%) Annual grid-connected installed capacity Share (%) Cumulative installed capacity (MW)
2005 37 200 74 8 8 104
2006 37 300 1 1 1 13 13 150
2007 35 400 140 2 1 2 1 & lt； discrepancy