After a nuclear accident, nuclear emergency organizations at all levels should implement all or part of the following response actions according to the nature and severity of the accident.
3. 1. 1 accident mitigation and control
Quickly organize professional forces, equipment and materials to carry out engineering emergency rescue, alleviate and control accidents, restore nuclear facilities to a safe state, and prevent and reduce the release of radioactive substances to the environment to the maximum extent.
3. 1.2 Radiation Monitoring and Consequence Assessment
Radioactive monitoring of the accident site and surrounding environment (including air, land, water, atmosphere, crops, food and drinking water, etc.). ), and monitoring the exposure dose of emergency personnel and the public. Real-time observation and prediction of meteorology, hydrology, geology and earthquakes; Carry out accident condition diagnosis and release source term analysis, judge accident development trend, evaluate radiation consequences, determine the scope of affected areas, and provide technical support for emergency decision.
3. 1.3 Radiation protection of personnel
When the accident has or may lead to the release of iodine radioisotopes, relevant staff and the public should be organized to take stable iodine in time according to the principles of radiation protection and management procedures, so as to reduce the thyroid radiation dose. According to the radiation dose that the public may accept and the need to protect the public, organize relevant personnel in the radioactive plume area to take cover; Organize residents in the affected areas to evacuate to safe areas. According to the actual situation of the polluted area, organize residents to move out of the polluted area temporarily or permanently and resettle in different places to avoid or reduce the long-term exposure of radioactive deposits on the ground.
3. 1.4 decontamination and medical treatment
Eliminate or reduce radioactive pollution of personnel, equipment, places and environment; Organize medical diagnosis and treatment of radiation-injured and non-radiation-injured personnel, including on-site treatment, local treatment and specialist treatment.
3. 1.5 access and port control
According to the specific situation of the accident-affected area, the warning zone shall be demarcated, access roads shall be set up, and the access of all kinds of personnel, vehicles, equipment and materials shall be strictly controlled. Carry out radioactive pollution detection and control on entry-exit personnel, vehicles, containers, goods, luggage and postal parcels.
3. 1.6 market supervision
In view of the market supply and public psychological situation in the accident-affected areas, timely carry out market supervision and regulation of important daily necessities. Prohibit or restrict the production, processing, circulation and consumption of contaminated food and drinking water, and avoid or reduce the intake of radioactive substances.
3. 1.7 Maintaining social order
Severely crack down on illegal and criminal acts such as spreading rumors and creating panic; In key areas such as mass resettlement sites and emergency relief materials storage sites, temporary police stations will be added to strengthen public security patrols; Strengthen the security of nuclear accident sites and other important places, and do a good job of traffic control in surrounding areas as needed.
3. 1.8 Information reporting and release
In accordance with the relevant provisions of the nuclear accident emergency reporting system, the nuclear facility operating unit shall promptly report and notify the relevant nuclear accidents and nuclear emergency response to the National Nuclear Emergency Office, the provincial nuclear emergency office, the competent nuclear power department, the nuclear safety supervision department and the affiliated group companies (institutes); After receiving the accident report, the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee and the provincial people's government where the nuclear accident occurred shall report the relevant information to the State Council in a timely and continuous manner. Release accurate and authoritative information at the first time. Measures for the release of nuclear accident information shall be formulated separately by the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee and implemented after being reported to the State Council for approval.
3. 1.9 international notification and assistance
The National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee is responsible for coordinating international notification and international assistance for nuclear emergency. According to the requirements of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, when a nuclear accident causes or may cause radiation effects beyond national boundaries, the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee will notify the International Atomic Energy Agency through the national nuclear emergency contact point. Notifications to relevant countries and regions shall be handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in accordance with bilateral or multilateral nuclear emergency cooperation agreements.
When necessary, the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee shall put forward a proposal for requesting international assistance, and after it is approved by the State Council, the National Atomic Energy Agency and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall handle it in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention on Assistance in Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency.
3.2 Command and coordination
According to the nature and severity of the nuclear accident and the influence scope of radiation consequences, the emergency state of nuclear facilities can be divided into emergency standby, factory emergency, on-site emergency and off-site emergency (overall emergency), which correspond to level IV response, level III response, level II response and level I response respectively.
3.2.1Ⅳ response
3.2. 1. 1 startup conditions
When there are working conditions or events that may endanger the safe operation of nuclear facilities, the nuclear facilities will enter the emergency standby state and start the level IV response.
3.2. 1.2 Emergency handling
(1) The operating unit of nuclear facilities enters the alert state, takes preventive or mitigation measures to keep or restore the nuclear facilities in a safe state, and promptly puts forward relevant suggestions to the National Nuclear Emergency Office, the provincial nuclear emergency office, the competent nuclear power department, the nuclear safety supervision department and its affiliated group companies (institutes); Evaluate the nature and consequences of the accident.
(2) Provincial nuclear emergency organizations pay close attention to developments and keep the nuclear emergency communication channels unblocked; Do a good job in public communication and organize some professional nuclear emergency forces in this province to enter the standby state as appropriate.
(3) The National Nuclear Emergency Office decided to start a level IV response, strengthen communication with relevant provincial nuclear emergency organizations, nuclear facilities operating units and their affiliated group companies (institutes), pay close attention to the development of the situation, and report relevant information to the member units of the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee in a timely manner. All member units should make relevant emergency preparations.
3.2. 1.3 Response terminated
After the nuclear facility operation unit organizes the assessment and confirms that the nuclear facility is in a safe state, it puts forward the proposal to terminate the emergency response, and reports it to the national and provincial nuclear emergency office, which decides to terminate the level IV response.
3.2.2 Three-level response
Starting condition
When radioactive substances are released or may be released from nuclear facilities, the impact scope of accident consequences is limited to local areas of nuclear facilities, and the nuclear facilities enter the emergency state in the factory area, and Class III response is started.
Emergency treatment in 3.2.2.2
On the basis of level IV response, strengthen the following emergency measures:
(1) nuclear facilities operating units take accident control measures, carry out emergency radiation monitoring and meteorological observation, and take radiation protection measures to protect their staff; Strengthen information submission and put forward relevant suggestions in a timely manner; Do public communication well.
(2) The Provincial Nuclear Emergency Committee organizes relevant member units and expert groups to discuss and study nuclear emergency measures; Organize professional nuclear emergency forces in this province to carry out radiation monitoring and meteorological observation as appropriate.
(3) The National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee decided to start a level III response, and organized relevant member units of the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee and expert committees to carry out trend judgment and public communication; Coordinate and guide local and nuclear facilities operating units to do nuclear emergency work.
3.2.2.3 responded to the termination.
The operating unit of nuclear facilities shall, after assessing and confirming that the nuclear facilities are in a safe state, put forward suggestions for terminating the emergency response, and report to the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee and the provincial nuclear emergency committee. The National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee decided to terminate the level III response.
3.2.3 Secondary response
3.2.3. 1 startup conditions
When the nuclear facility releases or may release radioactive substances, and the consequences of the accident spread to the whole site (site), but it has not seriously affected the public and the environment outside the site, the nuclear facility enters the site emergency state and starts the level II response.
Emergency treatment in 3.2.3.2
On the basis of level III response, strengthen the following emergency measures:
(1) The nuclear facility operating unit shall organize emergency rescue; Evacuate non-emergency personnel and control the radiation exposure of emergency personnel; Mark the contaminated area or alert the site, and monitor the pollution of people and vehicles entering and leaving the site; Be prepared to cooperate with external rescue forces.
(2) The Provincial Nuclear Emergency Committee organizes the implementation of meteorological observation and forecast and radiation monitoring, and organizes experts to analyze and judge the trend; Issue notices in time, and take measures such as traffic control, access control and psychological assistance as appropriate; According to the relevant provisions of the "Information Release Measures", do a good job in information release, coordinate the deployment of nuclear emergency resources in this administrative region, give necessary support to the operating units of nuclear facilities, and prepare for medical treatment.
(3) The National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee decided to start the Level II response, and organized the relevant member units of the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee and the expert committee to discuss and conduct a comprehensive judgment; Organize authoritative information release in accordance with relevant regulations to stabilize social order; According to the request of the relevant provincial people's government, the provincial nuclear emergency committee or the operating unit of nuclear facilities, provide necessary support for accident mitigation and rescue operations; Organize national nuclear emergency forces to guide radiation monitoring, meteorological observation and forecast and medical treatment as appropriate.
3.2.3.3 responded to the termination.
The operating unit of nuclear facilities shall, after assessing and confirming that the nuclear facilities are in a safe state, put forward suggestions for terminating the emergency response, and report to the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee and the provincial nuclear emergency committee. The National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee decided to terminate the level II response.
3.2.4 Primary response
Starting condition
When a nuclear facility appears or may release a large amount of radioactive materials to the environment, and the consequences of the accident exceed the boundary of the site, which may seriously endanger public health and environmental safety, it will enter an off-site emergency state and start a Class I response.
Emergency treatment in 3.2.4.2
(1) The operating units of nuclear facilities organize engineering rescue, slow down and control accidents, and carry out accident condition diagnosis and emergency radiation monitoring; Take protective measures to protect on-site staff, evacuate non-emergency personnel, control the radiation exposure of emergency personnel, and provide medical treatment for injured or irradiated personnel; Mark the contaminated area, implement on-site vigilance, and monitor the radioactive pollution of people and vehicles entering and leaving the site; Timely put forward suggestions for public protection actions; Assess the nature and consequences of the accident; Cooperate with external rescue forces to do rescue work well; Cooperate with the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee and the Provincial Nuclear Emergency Committee to do a good job in public communication and information release.
(2) The Provincial Nuclear Emergency Committee organized the implementation of off-site emergency radiation monitoring and meteorological observation and forecast, organized experts to conduct trend analysis and judgment, coordinated the deployment of nuclear emergency resources within their respective administrative areas, and provided necessary support for transportation, electricity, water sources, communications and other security conditions to nuclear facilities operating units; Issue a notice in time, take measures such as traffic control, distribution of iodine, control of access, control of food and drinking water, medical treatment, psychological assistance, decontamination, etc. as appropriate, and timely organize and implement the concealment, evacuation, temporary resettlement and permanent resettlement of the public in the affected areas; According to the relevant provisions of the "Information Release Measures", do a good job in information release and organize public communication; Inform neighboring provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) of the accident in a timely manner and put forward corresponding suggestions.
(3) The National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee proposed to the State Council to start the level I response, and the State Council decided to start the level I response. The National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee organizes and coordinates nuclear emergency response. When necessary, the State Council established the National Nuclear Accident emergency headquarters to lead, organize and coordinate the national nuclear accident emergency work. Emergency headquarters, a national nuclear accident, has set up working groups on accident rescue, radiation monitoring, medical rescue, radioactive pollutant disposal, people's livelihood security, information release and publicity, foreign affairs, social stability and comprehensive coordination.
The National Nuclear Accident emergency headquarters or the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee shall deploy the following work, and organize and coordinate the implementation of relevant regions and departments:
(1) Organize relevant member units and expert committees of the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee to consult, and carry out work such as accident condition diagnosis, release source term analysis, radiation consequence prediction and evaluation. Scientifically judge the trend and decide the nuclear emergency countermeasures.
(two) to send a national professional nuclear emergency rescue team, deploy professional nuclear emergency equipment to participate in accident rescue work, curb or mitigate accidents, prevent or control radioactive pollution, etc.
③ Organize and coordinate national and local radiation monitoring forces to monitor the environment (including air, land, water, atmosphere, crops, food and drinking water, etc.). ) areas that have been or may be affected by nuclear radiation.
(4) Organize and coordinate national and local medical and health forces and resources, and guide and support the disaster-stricken areas to carry out medical treatment, psychological assistance, decontamination and pollutant disposal.
⑤ Unified organization of nuclear emergency information release.
⑥ Track the market supply and demand information of important daily necessities and conduct market supervision.
⑦ Organize and implement export control of agricultural products, and conduct radioactive pollution detection and control on exit personnel, vehicles, containers, goods, luggage, parcels and express mail.
(eight) in accordance with the relevant provisions and requirements of international conventions, do a good job of international notification to the International Atomic Energy Agency and relevant countries and regions; Request international assistance as needed.
Pet-name ruby other important matters.
3.2.4.3 responded to the termination.
When the nuclear accident has been effectively controlled, the release of radioactive materials has been stopped or controlled at an acceptable level, and the nuclear facilities have basically returned to a safe state, the National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee will put forward a proposal to terminate the level I response and report it to the State Council for approval. Emergency headquarters, a national nuclear accident established as appropriate, will be automatically cancelled after the emergency response is terminated.