1, how is the earth's water produced?
Water is the most common hydroxide compound, chemical formula (H2O). About 5 billion years ago, a nebula, chondrite, separated from the solar nebula and gradually formed the primitive earth while rotating around the sun. At first, water existed in meteorites in the form of crystal water. The violent movement inside the earth causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and the crystal water turns into steam, which erupts with the heat of magma and floats in the atmosphere. With the gradual cooling of the earth's crust, the temperature of the atmosphere is also slowly decreasing. Water vapor takes dust as the condensation core, turns into water droplets, accumulates more and more, forms a storm, falls to the ground, forms rivers along the valleys, seeps into the ground along the way, flows to the most concave place on the earth, and forms a primitive ocean. Under the action of solar energy, the earth's water body is constantly evaporating, repeatedly forming rain and snow, falling back to the ground, dissolving the salt in the land and seabed rocks, and continuously collecting it into seawater, and after hundreds of millions of years of cyclic accumulation, it becomes salt water. Part of the high water becomes a glacier, and part of it seeps into the ground to become groundwater. The total reserve of water on the earth is about 654.38+04 billion cubic kilometers, of which 97.9% is mostly salt water, distributed in the ocean, and less than 2. 1% is fresh water. Among them, 1.43% of the total reserves are solid water consolidated in polar ice sheets, alpine glaciers and permafrost bottom ice, accounting for 0.6% of groundwater buried in the earth's crust, while rivers, lakes and atmospheric water only account for 0.055% of the total global water reserves. The fresh water reserves that participate in the global water cycle and can be renewed year by year account for about 0.5% of the total global water resources reserves, and the amount of fresh water that can be directly utilized only accounts for about 0.3% of the total global water resources reserves.
Due to the increasing population of the earth, water pollution is becoming more and more serious, the function of water is gradually deteriorating, and the per capita fresh water possession is decreasing year by year. 2 1 The biggest crisis in the human world in the century is water resources.
2. What is the position of water in human body?
From the point of view of nutrition, the main nutrients that maintain human life are water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals, cellulose and nucleic acid. Water accounts for more than 65% of human body weight, brain tissue contains about 85% of water, and blood contains up to 90% of water. Therefore, water is an extremely important nutrient to maintain human life.
3. What is the main physiological function of water?
(1) Water is the main component of all cells in human body;
(2) Water is the medium of all metabolic reactions in the body;
(3) Water is the medium for transporting nutrients and discharging wastes;
(4) Water can regulate body temperature and play a role in lubrication;
(5) Water can provide some minerals and trace elements.
4. How much water should people drink every day?
Every day, about 65,438+0,500 ml of urine is excreted through the kidney, 500 ml of skin is evaporated, 350ml of lung is ventilated, and 65,438+0,500 ml of feces is excreted, so that the human body excretes about 2,500 ml of water every day. To maintain life and achieve water balance, normal people need to consume 2500ml of water every day. Among them, about 1000ml of water is supplemented in the compound diet for three meals a day, about 300ml of nutrients are oxidized in the body, and the rest 1200ml needs to be supplemented by drinking water every day. Therefore, it is more appropriate for people to drink 1200ml every day.
5. Why do you drink water regularly and quantitatively?
Drinking water is as scientific as eating. It is best to drink 3-4 times a day, with 300-400ml each time, regularly and quantitatively. Don't wait for thirst, dehydration of body cells and signals from brain center. It is unscientific to take a swig when you feel thirsty, and not to drink if you are not thirsty. Drinking water regularly and quantitatively is conducive to maintaining regular water balance in the body and maintaining the physiological function and metabolism of the body.
6.when is the best time to drink water?
(1) Drink water after getting up in the morning to supplement the water consumption for one night;
(2) Drinking water around 10 in the morning can supplement the water discharged by sweating and urine;
(3) Drink water at about 3 pm to replenish the water discharged from the body again, so that the accumulated waste in the body can be discharged smoothly and the acidification of the human body can be prevented.
(4) At around 8 pm, drinking water before going to bed is the best time to drink water. Because the blood concentration rises during sleep, drinking water before going to bed can dilute blood and accelerate blood circulation.
7. What is the standard of healthy water?
(1) The water does not contain any toxic, harmful or odorous substances;
(2) Water contains proper amount of minerals and trace elements necessary for human body;
(3) The hardness of water is moderate;
(4) Water is rich in oxygen;
(5) The water mass is small;
(6) The pH value of water is weakly alkaline;
(7) Water has a strong physiological function.
(2) Classification of bottled drinking water
According to the provisions of People's Republic of China (PRC) and national standard GB 10789- 1996, bottled drinking water refers to water that can be directly drunk without adding any additives and sealed in plastic bottles, glass bottles or other containers.
8. What kinds of bottled drinking water are there?
(1) Drinking natural mineral water: It comes from deep underground and contains a certain amount of mineral salts, trace elements or carbon dioxide gas, which is unpolluted underground mineral water.
(2) Purifying drinking water: Take the water that meets the sanitary standard of drinking water as the water source, and remove minerals, organic components, harmful substances and microorganisms from the water through appropriate treatment methods such as distillation, electrodialysis, deionization or ion exchange, and reverse osmosis.
(3) Other drinking water: spring water collected from underground and flowing to the surface, or spring water or deep well water jetted from a natural aquifer higher than the natural water level and meeting the hygienic standard for drinking water.
9. How was pure water invented?
From 65438 to 0950, American scientists observed seagulls in the sea. They could survive by drinking seawater with high concentration of salt. It is found that seagulls have a very thin membrane in their bodies, and the seawater molecules they drink can transform seawater into fresh water through the membrane, but the salt and impurities in seawater cannot be spit out from their mouths through the membrane. Because it is opposite to the direction of natural infiltration, it is called reverse osmosis. According to this principle, 1953 reverse osmosis membrane was successfully developed and pure water came out.
10. What is distilled water?
Distilled water is boiled by distillation and then steam is condensed into distilled water. Distilled water belongs to pure water.
1 1. What is space water?
Space water is named after the water used by astronauts in space by NASA. In order to reduce the load of the spacecraft, we can't carry a lot of water, so we can only purify the used sewage, including urine and other excreta, and turn it into reclaimed water that meets the drinking standards for recycling. This is a last resort in the special environment of space, and astronauts will not drink this water when they return to Earth. The "space water" sold in the market is not recycled water made by circulating purification in space, but pure water made by reverse osmosis and other methods. Called "Space Water" is a commercial name and has nothing to do with space at all.
12. What's the difference between mineral water and pure water?
Pure water takes rivers, rivers, lakes or tap water as its water source, and adopts water treatment processes such as distillation, electrodialysis, ion exchange and reverse osmosis to achieve the purity and hygiene of water. However, while removing bacteria and harmful substances, it also removes minerals and trace elements beneficial to human body, losing the nutritional function of drinking water.
The similarities between mineral water and pure water are sanitary and safe, but the differences are that mineral water is taken from the depths of the ground, contains a certain amount of minerals and trace elements beneficial to human body, has strong physiological functions and has health care effects on human body; Purified water removes trace elements from minerals and loses the nutritional function of drinking water.
13. What's the difference between mineral water and natural spring water?
Natural spring water is spring water gushing from underground or shallow water flowing down from mountains. Generally, the buried depth is shallow, the contact time with underground rocks is short, the flow is unstable, and it is easy to be polluted. It also contains some minerals and trace elements beneficial to human body. However, the content of these characteristic components does not meet the limited index requirements of mineral water, so it cannot be called natural mineral water. Mineral water contains trace elements such as lithium, strontium, selenium, zinc, iodine, bromine, molybdenum and chromium. This is lacking in general springs. It has a health care effect on human body, which is incomparable to general spring water.
(3) Drinking purified water for a long time is harmful to health.
14. Why drinking pure water for a long time is harmful to health?
From the point of view of nutrition, drinking water is not only to quench thirst, but also one of the important ways to provide essential minerals and trace elements for human body. The proportion of these elements in water is basically the same as that of human body, which is easy to be absorbed by people and beneficial to human health. Pure water does not contain any minerals and trace elements, so drinking it for a short time will not have a big impact. If you drink it for a long time, it will reduce the intake of minerals and trace elements. Because the mineral salt content and hardness of pure water are close to zero, it is in a "hungry" state and has strong solubility. Drinking pure water can not only bring nutrition, but also dissolve some beneficial elements in the body and excrete it. Therefore, long-term drinking will lead to the imbalance of human nutrition, the decrease of electrolyte concentration in body fluids, and the "deficit" of health, which is not conducive to human health.
15. Why don't primary and secondary schools drink pure water?
Shanghai Science and Technology Commission pointed out in the Report on Suggesting Drinking Pure Water in Primary and Secondary Schools: "Primary and secondary school students are in the stage of growth and intellectual development, and many inorganic salts and minerals are lost due to hyperactivity. From the perspective of nutritional balance, we should supplement the lost inorganic salts and minerals, such as drinking pure water for a long time, which will affect the healthy growth of primary and secondary school students, so it is not advisable to recommend drinking pure water on a large scale in primary and secondary schools. " (Note: Pure water is pure water)
16. Is there any regulation in Shanghai that pure water cannot enter primary and secondary schools?
The Shanghai Municipal Education Commission issued a notice: "Since the school year of 1997, all primary and secondary schools and kindergartens are not allowed to use pure water as drinking water for students and kindergartens."
(4) Common sense of mineral water
What is mineral water?
Mineral water is unpolluted underground mineral water that naturally gushes out from deep underground or is exposed artificially. Contains a certain amount of mineral salts, trace elements or carbon dioxide gas; In general, its chemical composition, flow rate, water temperature and other dynamics are relatively stable within the natural fluctuation range.
18. How is mineral water formed?
In the long underground deep circulation, groundwater is in contact with surrounding rock for a long time. Through a series of physical and chemical actions, such as leaching, alternate adsorption of anion and cation, biogeochemistry, etc. Minerals, trace elements or gas components in rocks enter groundwater and are enriched to a certain concentration. Under the action of high temperature, high pressure and steam expansion, groundwater moves upward along the cracks in the earth's crust and gushes out of the surface, forming various types of mineral water.
19. What rock stratum does the mineral water come from?
Most of the mineral water in China comes from sedimentary rocks and magmatic rocks, and a small amount comes from metamorphic rocks. Most of the water in magmatic rocks is metasilicate water, followed by strontium water, carbonated water water and zinc water, and a small amount of lithium water, bromine water and radon water. Metamorphic rocks are mostly metasilicate water and strontium water, with a small amount of carbonated water, zinc water and selenium water; Most of them are strontium water and metasilicate water from sedimentary rocks, in which carbonated water, iodine water, lithium water and zinc water come from clastic rocks, carbonated water, zinc water, lithium water, bromine water and selenium water come from carbonate rocks, and bromine water comes from loose rocks.
20. How deep does mineral water fall from the ground to be considered as deep underground?
At present, there is no clear concept of quantity, but what is certain is that mineral water has no direct connection with local surface water, shallow water and diving, so it has the conditions for deep hiding. This is because there is a water-resisting layer between them, which makes surface water, shallow water and diving unable to penetrate below. Below this water-resisting layer, it can be considered as deep underground.
2 1. Is the mineral water dated?
The age of water refers to the time that raindrops, snowmelt water or surface water stay and circulate underground after infiltrating into the ground. The older the water is, the longer it stays and circulates underground, and the more minerals will flow out of the solution on the rock. Mineral water stays and circulates in the deep underground for as short as ten years, and as long as hundreds or even tens of thousands of years. Therefore, the age of mineral water is generally longer.
22. What is the difference between the age of mineral water and the age of rocks containing mineral water?
The age of mineral water and the age of rocks containing mineral water cannot be treated equally. Rock age refers to the number of years since the geological age of rock formation under the influence of earth geology. The longer a rock is formed, the older it is. Generally, the age of rocks ranges from millions to tens of millions of years, and from hundreds of millions to billions of years. The age of mineral water is the time it flows through rocks, and its mineral water age is much shorter than that of rocks.
23. How to classify drinking mineral water?
(1) According to the main types of mineral water whose characteristic components meet the national standards, it can be divided into nine categories:
① metasilicate mineral water; ② Strontium mineral water; ③ Zinc mineral water; ④ Lithium mineral water; ⑤ Selenium mineral water; 6 bromine mineral water; 7 iodine mineral water; 8 carbonated mineral water; Pet-name ruby mineral water
(2) Classification and naming according to salinity.
Mineralization is the total amount of ions, molecules and compounds contained in a unit volume.
The salinity below 500mg/L is low, 500- 1500mg/l is medium, and > 1500mg/l is high. Light mineral water with salinity < 1000mg/L and salt mineral water with salinity >1000 mg/l.
(3) According to the pH of mineral water.
The pH value is called pH value, which is the negative logarithmic value of hydrogen ion concentration in water, that is, pH=- 1g[H+], which is the representative value of pH value.
pH value
10
type
Oxidizer
acid water
Weakly acidic water
Neutral water
Weak alkaline water
alkaline water
Strongly alkaline water
(4) Named according to the classification of anion and cation.
Anions are mainly classified, and cations are divided into subclasses. Only when the milligram equivalent of anion and cation is more than 25% can they participate in naming.
(1) Chloride mineral water, including sodium chloride mineral water and magnesium chloride mineral water;
② bicarbonate mineral water, including bicarbonate mineral water, magnesium bicarbonate mineral water, sodium bicarbonate mineral water, sodium bicarbonate mineral water, etc.
③ Sulfate mineral water, including magnesium sulfate mineral water and sodium sulfate mineral water.
24. What is the standard for drinking natural mineral water?
According to the national standard GB8537- 1995 for drinking natural mineral water in People's Republic of China (PRC):
(1) Sensory requirements. Sensory requirements shall conform to table 1.
Table 1
Project requirements
Chromaticity, degree ≤ 15, other different colors are not allowed.
Turbidity, NTU≤ 5
The smell and taste have the characteristic taste of this mineral water, and there shall be no peculiar smell or peculiar smell.
Visible objects are allowed to have a very small amount of natural mineral salt precipitation, but they must not contain other foreign bodies.
Table 2
Project indicator
Lithium, mg/L ≥ 0.20
Strontium, mg/l ≥ 0.2 (when the content is in the range of 0.20-0.40 mg/l, the water temperature must be above 25℃).
Zinc, mg/L ≥ 0.20
Bromide, mg/L ≥ 1.0
Iodide, mg/L ≥ 0.20
Metasilicic acid, mg/l ≥ 25.0 (when the content is in the range of 25.0-30.0 mg/l, the water temperature must be above 25℃).
Selenium, mg/l ≥ 0.0 10
Free carbon dioxide, mg/L ≥ 250
Total solids in solution, mg/l≥ 1000.
(2) Physical and chemical requirements
(1) boundary indicators, one (or more) indicators must meet the requirements in Table 2 (see page 9).
(2) Limited indicators, which must comply with the provisions in Table 3.
Table 3
Project indicator
Lithium, mg/L < 5.0
Strontium, mg/L < 5.0
Iodide, mg/L < 0.50
Zinc, mg/L < 5.0
Copper, mg/L < 1.0
Barium, mg/L < 0.70
Cadmium, mg/l < 0.0 10
Chromium (Cr6+), < 0.050
Lead, mg/l < 0.0 10
Mercury, mg/l < 0.00 10.
Silver, mg/L < 0.050
Boron (calculated as H3BO3), mg/L < 30.0.
Selenium, mg/L < 0.050.
Arsenic, mg/L < 0.050
Fluoride (in F-), mg/L < 2.00
Oxygen consumption (calculated as O2), mg/L < 3.0.
Nitrate (calculated as NO3-), mg/L < 45.0
226 radium radioactivity, BG/L < 1. 10.
(3) pollutant indicators, all pollutant indicators must comply with the provisions of Table 4.
(4) Microbial indicators, which must meet the requirements in Table 5.
Table 4
Project indicator
Volatile phenol (calculated as phenol), mg/L < 0.002.
Cyanide (calculated as CN-), mg/L < 0.0 10.
Nitrite (calculated as NO2-), mg/L < 0.0050.
Total beta radioactivity, bq/l < 1.50.
Table 5
Project indicator
Source water filling product
Total number of colonies, cfu/ml < 5 50.
Coliform bacteria, each/100ml 0.
(5) the health care function of mineral water
25. What are the life elements in the human body?
Life activity is the result of various chemical reactions involving many active substances, which are called life elements in life science. Life elements include ammonia, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, molybdenum, selenium and iodine.
26. What are the macro elements in the human body?
Among the elements that make up the human body, the macro (or constant) elements, which account for more than one tenth of the total weight of the human body, account for 99.95% of the total weight of the human body and are indispensable elements of the human body. The major elements are hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium and calcium.
27. What are the trace elements in the human body?
Among the elements that make up the human body, those that account for less than one tenth of the total weight of the human body are called trace elements, which together account for 0.05% of the total weight of the human body. Trace elements include iron, zinc, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, chromium, selenium, silicon, fluorine, vanadium, iodine, strontium, bromine, boron, barium, arsenic, lithium, nickel and tin for more than 40 minutes.
28. What are the physiological effects of trace elements on human body?
Although trace elements only account for 0.05% of the total weight of human body, they play a vital role in human nutrition, metabolism and life maintenance. The weight effects of trace elements on human body are as follows:
(1) Trace elements can transport common elements to the whole body.
(2) Trace elements are activators of enzymes in vivo, and enzymes can accelerate biochemical reactions in vivo. When the enzyme molecules lose trace metals, the enzyme will lose its vitality, and when these trace elements are regained, the enzyme will regain its vitality.
(3) Trace elements help the body's hormones to play a role, promote the secretion of endocrine glands into the blood, and regulate physiological functions.
(4) Trace elements can regulate osmotic pressure and acid-base balance in resting liquid, and maintain normal physiological functions of human body.
(5) Some trace elements can participate in the structure of vitamins. Without trace elements, vitamins cannot be synthesized.
(6) Trace elements are related to the function of nucleic acid, and some trace elements can affect the metabolism and inheritance of nucleic acid.
29. What are the health functions of the main elements in mineral water?
(1) Calcium: It is an important component of bones, teeth and soft tissues. Calcium deficiency is easy to get rickets, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and so on. The human body is generally short of calcium, and the key to supplementing calcium is whether it can be absorbed by the human body and deposited in bone tissue. Mineral water contains a lot of calcium and magnesium, and the ratio of calcium and magnesium is similar, which is easily absorbed by human small intestine, enters extracellular fluid and is deposited in bone tissue. Therefore, mineral water containing calcium is the calcium source for human body to obtain calcium. The human body needs about 1 100mg of calcium every day.
(2) Magnesium: it is a component of bone and has a similar effect with calcium. It can activate various enzymes, promote intracellular metabolism, regulate nerve activity and prevent cardiovascular diseases. The daily intake of magnesium is about 3 10mg.
(3) Potassium is the main ion in intracellular fluid, which plays an important role in maintaining osmotic pressure and acid-base balance in intracellular fluid. Potassium can activate some enzymes, maintain neuromuscular excitement and maintain cell metabolism. The human body needs to consume about 3300 mg of potassium every day.
(4) Sodium: it is an inherent component of body tissues and body fluids, and plays an important role in maintaining the cellular system and regulating the balance of water and salt. Sodium is an indispensable element for muscle contraction, regulating cardiovascular function and improving digestive system function. The human body needs to consume about 4400 mg of sodium every day.
(5) Carbon: Carbon dioxide is the main component of carbonated mineral water. Drinking carbonated mineral water can enhance the secretion of digestive juice, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, help digestion and enhance appetite. It can also enhance renal water excretion and play the role of washing tissues and diuresis. Therefore, it has a good therapeutic effect on gastrointestinal diseases, gastroptosis, duodenal ulcer, chronic hepatitis, constipation, gallstones, pyelonephritis, catarrhal cystitis, chronic laryngitis, bronchitis and so on. Carbon is an essential element for human body.
(6) Metasilicic acid: Metasilicic mineral water is the most widely developed and utilized water in China. Silicon exists in water in the form of metasilicic acid, which is easily absorbed by human body. Silicon is distributed in human articular cartilage and connective tissue. Silicon plays a physiological role in the process of bone calcification and promotes bone growth and development. Silicon is also involved in the metabolism of polysaccharides and is the main component of some glycosaminoglycan carboxylic acids. Silicon is related to cardiovascular diseases. According to statistics, the mortality rate of coronary heart disease is low in high silicon areas and high in low silicon areas. Silicon can soften blood vessels, relieve arteriosclerosis, and prevent and treat goiter, arthritis, neurological dysfunction and digestive system diseases. The human body needs to consume about 3 milligrams of silicon every day.
(7) Strontium is a normal component of human bones and teeth. Strontium is also related to neuromuscular excitation and cardiovascular diseases. Strontium can strengthen bones, prevent cardiovascular diseases and promote metabolism. The daily intake of strontium is about 1.9mg.
(8) Lithium: Lithium can improve hematopoietic function and enhance human immune function. Lithium can regulate the activity of the central nervous system, calm nerves and control nervous disorders. Lithium can replace sodium to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. The daily intake of lithium is about 0. 1mg.
(9) Selenium is the main component of glutathione peroxidase in the body, which participates in the synthesis of the enzyme and protects the structure of the cell membrane. Selenium can stimulate the production of immunoglobulin and antibody, enhance humoral immunity and cellular immunity, and has anticancer effect. Selenium also has antioxidant effect, deoxidizes the oxides in the body, detoxifies, resists and reduces the toxicity of mercury, cadmium, thallium and arsenic, and improves eyesight. The human body needs to consume about 0.068 mg of selenium every day.
(10) Iron is an essential component for transporting and exchanging oxygen in human blood. Iron participates in the synthesis of blood protein, cytochrome and various enzymes, and promotes growth. The human body will suffer from the phenomena of small cell anemia, decreased immune function and metabolic disorder due to iron deficiency. The daily intake of iron is about 15mg.
(1 1) Zinc is an essential element for the synthesis of nucleic acids and protein, and participates in the synthesis of many enzymes. Zinc can promote growth and development, which is more important for babies. It can enhance the immunity and sexual function of the body, and also enhance the regenerative ability of creative tissues, thus accelerating the healing of injuries and surgical sites. It can make the skin fit better and make people smarter. It can also improve the taste and increase appetite. Zinc is known as "the spark of life" and "the element of wisdom". The human body needs to consume about 14.5mg of zinc every day.
(12) Iodine is an important part of thyroid gland. Iodine plays an important physiological role in promoting protein synthesis, activating various enzymes, regulating energy conversion, accelerating growth and development, promoting wound healing and maintaining normal metabolism. Iodine deficiency in human body leads to goiter, stunting and dementia. The human body needs to consume about 0.2 mg of iodine every day.
(13) Bromine: It has the functions of nourishing and regulating higher nervous activity in the central nervous system and cerebral cortex, and can calm nerves. Bromine is widely used to treat neurosis, autonomic nervous disorder, neuralgia and insomnia. The human body needs to consume about 7.5 milligrams of bromine every day.
(14) Copper: Copper exists in the body in the form of copper protein. Copper has the functions of hematopoiesis, softening blood vessels, promoting cell growth, strengthening bones, accelerating metabolism and enhancing defense function. Copper deficiency will increase cholesterol in blood, lead to coronary atherosclerosis and form coronary heart disease. Copper deficiency can cause vitiligo, white hair and other black discoloration diseases, and even blindness and anemia. The human body needs about 1.3mg of copper every day.
(15) Cobalt is an important component of vitamins and enzymes in human body. Its physiological function is to stimulate hematopoiesis, participate in the synthesis of hemoglobin and promote growth and development. Cobalt deficiency can lead to pernicious anemia, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system diseases and glossitis. The human body needs to consume about 0.39 mg of cobalt every day.
(16) molybdenum is an important component of human xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase. Molybdenum participates in the transmission of intracellular electrons, inhibits the reproduction of intracellular viruses and has the function of preventing cancer. Molybdenum can dissolve kidney calculi and excrete it. The human body needs to consume about 0.34 mg of molybdenum every day.
(17) Nickel: participates in biological reaction, stimulates hematopoietic function, increases insulin and lowers blood sugar. Nickel deficiency is easy to get dermatitis and bronchitis. The human body needs to consume about 0.6 mg of nickel every day.
(18) Chromium: It can help insulin to play its physiological role, maintain normal glucose metabolism and promote human growth and development. Chromium deficiency can lead to arteriosclerosis, diabetes syndrome, elevated cholesterol and cardiovascular diseases. The human body needs to consume about 0.25 mg of chromium every day.
(19) Manganese: It is the promoter of many enzyme systems in human body. Participate in the process of hematopoiesis and fat metabolism, and have the functions of promoting growth, strengthening bones and preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. The daily intake of human body is about 4.4 mg.
(20) Vanadium: It exists in human fat, plays an oxidation-reduction role, and has a certain effect on fat metabolism. Vanadium participates in hematopoiesis and promotes growth and development. The daily intake of vanadium is about 0. 1 16mg.
(2 1) Arsenic: Arsenic exists in the form of meta-arsenic acid in water, which can improve hematopoietic function, promote blood circulation, promote tissue cell growth and sterilize. A small amount of arsenic is beneficial to human body, while excessive arsenic is harmful. The limit of drinking mineral water is 0.05 mg/L.
(22) Fluorine is an essential element for forming hard bones and teeth. It exists in the form of calcium fluoride and plays an important role in the healthy growth of bones and teeth. Fluorine deficiency can lead to dental caries (tooth decay). The human body needs to ingest about 2.4 mg of fluorine every day.
(23) Radon: It is a radioactive gas produced by radioactive element radium in the process of transformation, which is slightly soluble in water. Radon has a half-life of 3.8 days and can disappear completely after 30 days. The radon content in mineral water is not high, and the radiation energy is very low, which is generally harmless to human body. Radon enters the body through three forms: first, it forms a radioactive film on the skin, which has a stimulating effect on the body; Second, it enters the body through the respiratory tract, and then it is excreted through the respiratory tract; Third, radon enters the human body through the skin or mucous membrane, then distributes in the whole body with the blood, and then is excreted through the lungs, urinary system and digestive system. Radon water is widely used in bath therapy, drinking therapy and inhalation therapy. Whether drinking or bathing, it can promote the contraction and expansion of skin blood vessels, regulate cardiovascular function and improve blood circulation. Can be used for treating hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocarditis, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Radon can regulate the nervous system and has sedative, analgesic and hypnotic effects. It has good curative effect on peripheral neuritis, arthritis, sciatica, neurodermatitis and psoriasis. Radon can promote endocrine and body metabolism, treat diabetes, improve liver function, promote and regulate gonadal function, delay aging and restore youth. Some people call radon spring "the spring of rejuvenation".
The National Standard for Drinking Natural Mineral Water stipulates the lower limit and upper limit of each element in mineral water. If it does not reach the lower limit, or exceeds the upper limit, or the toxic elements exceed the standard, it cannot be considered as drinking natural mineral water. All mineral water that has passed the national or provincial appraisal is hygienic and safe, which plays a health care role for human body.
30. Why does healthy drinking water need long-term persistence and bit by bit accumulation?
People's growth and development is gradual, relying on sunlight, air, moisture, nutrition and so on. For a long time they didn't grow up for a day. Drinking water is one of the important ways to transport and absorb nutrients. Drinking water to talk about science and nutrition is not a one-off event. It also needs long-term persistence and bit by bit accumulation to have a healthy body.
(6) Drinking mineral water is the best choice.
3 1. Why is mineral water precious?
Mineral water is different from surface water and ordinary groundwater. It comes from thousands of meters underground and is formed under the geological action after decades, hundreds, thousands or even tens of thousands of years of deep circulation. Contains a certain amount of minerals and trace elements, especially trace elements. The source is only the earth's crust and seawater, and it cannot be synthesized like vitamins. Very scarce. Mineral water is a precious mineral resource separated from the nature of water because of its unpolluted formation period and limited resources.
32. Why is drinking mineral water the best choice?
(1) Drinking mineral water should not only achieve the physiological function of drinking water, but also provide some minerals and trace elements needed by the human body to play a health care role;
(2) Mineral water comes from a stratum several thousand meters deep underground and is pollution-free. After repeated filtration and ozone disinfection, it is more sanitary, safer and more reliable;
(3) Mineral water is naturally formed, and no additives are allowed to be added, so it is an ideal natural green food;
(4) The proportion of some minerals and trace elements needed by human body in mineral water is basically the same as that of human body, and they are in ionic state, so they are easily absorbed by human body. Therefore, drinking mineral water is the best choice.
33. Why is mineral water the best drinking water for schools?
Primary and secondary school students are in the stage of growth and intellectual development, and their metabolism is vigorous. In addition, they are active and exercise a lot, consuming a lot of inorganic salts and minerals. In terms of nutrient balance and electrolyte balance, it is necessary to supplement the lost inorganic salts and minerals. Mineral water contains mineral salts and trace elements such as calcium, zinc, iodine, strontium lithium and metasilicic acid, which are relatively lacking for children. Easy to be absorbed by human body, hygienic, safe and reliable. Long-term drinking can promote children's healthy growth and intellectual development. Therefore, it is ideal to use mineral water as school drinking water.
34. How about cooking and making soup with mineral water?
Because water pollution is common, tap water can't meet the requirements even after repeated filtration and purification. Moreover, it is stored in multiple stages through water pipelines, pressurized by pumping stations, pumped into high-level water tanks, and then supplied to users. Secondary pollution is inevitable. Tap water used for cooking, cooking soup and boiling water smells of chlorine and bleaching powder. Cooking rice, porridge and soup with mineral water can not only supplement minerals and trace elements, but also make them mellow and delicious, with better taste.
35. How about making tea, coffee and milk powder with mineral water?
Mineral water can be boiled to make tea, without astringency, pure and delicious. However, the color of tea leaves will become darker. Because mineral water contains calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate ions, it will react with amino acids in tea and make the color of tea darker. This is a normal phenomenon, which will not affect the original taste and taste, and the minerals and trace elements beneficial to the human body will not change. Washing milk powder with boiled mineral water can supplement calcium, magnesium, zinc and other minerals for babies to make them fit better. It is more fragrant and delicious to make coffee with boiled mineral water.
36. How about making cold noodles with mineral water?
Cold noodles usually use tap water to make soup.