1. Central venous catheter: CVC is a catheter inserted into a large blood vessel and is commonly used for infusion, transfusion, drug delivery and monitoring purposes. Changes in the position of the catheter tip can affect the effectiveness of drug delivery, especially with drugs that have a short half-life or require precise dosing.
2. Pulmonary artery catheters: Pulmonary artery catheters are used to measure parameters of cardiovascular function and to monitor cardiac and pulmonary hemodynamics. Changes in the position of the catheter tip can affect the hemodynamic effects of a drug, especially for drugs that require targeting of cardiac and pulmonary hemodynamic regulation.