Hospitals are places where all kinds of patients gather and where all kinds of pathogenic microorganisms thrive. In general, any hospital environment that has not been touched by patients with infectious diseases, including most of the equipment, only needs to be thoroughly cleaned and does not need to be disinfected. But when subjected to blood, body fluids contamination or infectious disease patient contact, need to use effective chlorine 0.5% ~ 1% disinfectant disinfection; in addition, nutrition room, dining room desktop, immunocompromised patients or susceptible to patient's environmental cleanliness and disinfection can be used with chlorine disinfectant.
(2) air
Physical, chemical and biological methods, so that the bacterial content of the indoor air as far as possible to reduce to a dust-free and bacteria-free state, often using wet cleaning, regular ventilation and ultraviolet air disinfection and other measures. In case of infectious or serious infectious diseases, patients can be discharged from the hospital using peroxyacetic acid spray or fumigation for disinfection. In recent years, some operating rooms, bone marrow transplantation room and sterile drug preparation room indoor air, are using biological purification method to achieve absolute purification of indoor air.
(3) clothing class
General clothing are washed and sterilized at high temperature. The most ideal sterilization method for special infection contaminated clothing is to use ethylene oxide gas fumigation sterilization. The bedclothes of patients in various departments can be pooled together and sent to the ethylene oxide disinfection room for sterilization before being sent to the laundry room for washing and spare parts.
(4) skin
Staff hands, in general, wash with soap and running water to remove the surface of the transient contamination bacteria. However, if you have been in contact with people or things contaminated by pathogenic bacteria, not only should be washed with soap and running water, but also with iodophor or other sterilizing solution immersion disinfection. The skin of surgical field and injection site should be disinfected once with 2%~2.5% tincture of iodine first, and then disinfected twice with 75% alcohol deiodination after 20 seconds or choose the method of disinfecting twice with iodophor. The disinfection of mucous membranes can be based on different parts of the choice of different disinfectants.
(5) instrumentation items
Medical equipment and other items are essential to the treatment and examination of appliances, direct contact with the patient's mucous membranes, wounds, etc., so it is an important pathway leading to hospital infections, it must be cleaned, disinfected and sterilized strictly. Sterilization method to pressure steam sterilization method is the most reliable. However, not resistant to high temperature and high pressure of plastic, glass and sharp scalpels, scissors, etc. Available chemical disinfectants can be sterilized by immersion disinfection.
Whatever penetrates the skin, mucous membranes into the sterile tissue of the device, need to be strictly sterilized, and preferred pressure steam sterilization; such as surgical equipment, cardiac catheters, catheters, needles, etc., this kind of equipment is contaminated by any pathogenic microorganisms, there is a risk of causing serious infections. Where contact with the patient's mucous membranes and broken skin devices, such as the proximal end of the ventilator, anesthesia machine proximal end, endoscopes, oral instruments, etc., must be sterilized and a high level of disinfection, you can choose thermal disinfection or good performance of chemical disinfectants, such as ethylene oxide, 2% glutaraldehyde, etc..
Since intact skin has a barrier effect on most microorganisms, some items that only come into contact with intact skin, such as thermometers, commodes, sphygmomanometer cuffs, and bedside cabinets, do not need to be sterilized, but only need to be washed clean or choose a low-efficacy disinfectant to soak and disinfect.