Introduction: with a strong imprint of the era of 816 underground nuclear engineering scenic area, "nuclear plant" what is worth going to see? With me to see it.
816 underground nuclear project hidden in the town of Baitao "Wujiang" river bank in the mountains. 1960s, the state decided to build a nuclear plant in the southwest of the rear, the relevant departments after several visits, demonstration, in Chongqing Fuling Baitao town site. In order to maintain secrecy, the name of Baitao disappeared from the map. 1967, a mysterious special forces secretly stationed in the mountains of Fuling, digging underground nuclear plant. Built for the production of atomic bombs in Chongqing 816 underground nuclear plant is "the world's first artificial cave", the project total investment of 740 million yuan. By the time the construction was stopped in 1984, 85% of the construction works and 60% of the installation works had been completed. 816 underground giant nuclear military cavern was declassified by the National Defense Science and Industry Commission (NDSTIC) in April 2002 and was brought back to the world. 816 underground nuclear cavern was the world's first artificial cavern and China's only declassified nuclear reactor at the end of April 2010 and some parts of it have become tourist projects. Part of the area, began to become a tourist project.
But from the outside, in addition to the straight and tall exhaust chimney, can not see any traces of the project.
"816" is located in Baitao, a small town in Fuling District, Chongqing, where the Wu River flows through. It was the earliest nuclear plant to be built in Southwest China, following the construction of China's first nuclear reactor, which was authorized by an order signed by Premier Zhou Enlai in 1966.
816 project began construction in 1966, after 18 years, has invested more than 60,000 construction troops, experienced a rush to build, slow construction, stop building and drinking turnover of four phases, to 1984, has completed all civil engineering, 85% of the building works, hole **** there are 18 large caverns, roads, guide holes, branch holes, tunnels and shafts more than 130.
Used for nuclear facilities cooling water intake channel, this channel goes straight to the Wujiang River 30 meters underwater.
The 816 project is more than 20 kilometers long and is completely hidden inside the mountain. The amount of earth and stone excavated for the construction of the cave is 1.51 million cubic meters. If these stone residues are built into a one-meter-square stone wall, it can be as long as 1,500 kilometers. The main cave chamber is as high as 79.6 meters, equivalent to more than 20-story buildings, with a vault spanning 31.2 meters, more than 30 meters deep into the bottom of the Wujiang River. The building layout is shaped like a maze, and the drawer-shaped inner body of the building is like a spider.
At the beginning of the construction of the plant, the 816 project will be as a highly secretive military unit of the state, the plant has a regiment of troops responsible for the guard, the construction site is never allowed to leak. As we all know, Mao Zedong's personal guard force number 8341, guarding the 816 nuclear facilities of the force number 8342, you can imagine how high the specifications of the 816 guard at that time. The address here can only write Chongqing 4513 mailbox, employees' families can not enter the plant, employees can only go home to visit their relatives.
The appearance of the mountain outside: the project is close to the Wujiang River, north of the Wuling Mountains, high forests and dense mountains, hidden under the huge project 816 project, but from the outside, in addition to straight and tall exhaust chimneys, can not see any traces of the project.
The tall exhaust chimney has another role in addition to air circulation, in the late sixties and throughout the seventies, my southwest hinterland has been the U.S. and the Kuomintang's U2 planes to monitor the high altitude, so how can we keep our nuclear secrets? The clever 816ers came up with a brilliant idea from the changeable weather in Sichuan. Sichuan foggy, which is nothing more than a very good natural barrier, but there is no fog cover 816 is obviously not safe, at this time the chimneys come in handy, 816 engineers through the chimneys and ventilation facilities to the outside release a large amount of water vapor to artificially create a fog, very successful to the 816 to re-cover up.
A total of 76 PLA commanders were sacrificed during the construction building process, and the youngest of the martyrs was only 19 years old. They were buried in the hole body 3 kilometers away from the "bowl of water martyrs cemetery". 18 years, tens of thousands of civilians and soldiers for the construction of the hole body dedication of youth, more than 10,000 employees of the 816 plant family members for the cause of the nuclear industry, "dedicated youth dedication of life, dedication of life dedication of children and grandchildren, *** with a song written in the same song, the 816 plant is the first time in the history of the nuclear industry. * * * with a song of touching the earth, can be sung in China's national defense Scattered immortal construction of the times.
The 816 underground nuclear project is a great product of a specific historical background, is a mark of the times, poured tens of thousands of builders' efforts. It has the most advanced nuclear technology at that time, excellent cultural resources and spatial volume, with the collective memory of the Chinese nation that we can not forget and should not forget.
Open Time
April 1 - October 31 (high season) 09:00-17:00
November 1 - March 31 of the following year (low season) 09:00-16:30
_揪扒刂""ii Chongqing Fuling District, Baitao Town, Chongqing City, the 816 Underground Nuclear Engineering Scenic Area
Ticket Price Door price of 70 yuan
How to get to Fuling 816 Nuclear Plant
Baitao Street, Fuling District, Chongqing. In Fuling new station to take the car directly to Baitao can be
Project introduction
April 2010, known as "the world's first large artificial cave body," Chongqing Fuling 816 military cave body, for the first time as a tourist attraction open to the public. The project began in 1967, the first by the engineers to excavate the hole, after 1975 by the 816 factory construction team for plant construction, before and after *** with more than 60,000 manpower. Due to changes in the international situation and the need for strategic adjustment of the national economy, the project was halted in 1984. in April 2002 declassified.
Geographic location
Baitao Street, Fuling District, Chongqing.
Edit Cave Structure
Mountain Outside
The body of the Military Cave is close to the Wujiang River and backed by the Wuling Mountains. Beneath the high and densely forested hills, the vastly engineered underground nuclear plant is hidden, but from the outside, no traces of the project can be seen except for the straight and tall exhaust chimneys.
Internal connection
In order to build the project, the entire mountain was dug out, the cave hall **** 9 layers up to 79.6 meters high, a total length of 21 kilometers. The amount of stone cubes dug out of the cave construction is 1.51 million
cubic meters, if these slag will be built into a one-meter-square stone wall, which can be up to 1,500 kilometers long; around the mountain *** there are 19 holes of various sizes, according to different plans, personnel entrances and exits, car access holes, exhaust holes, drainage ditches, warehouses and so on are available; inside*** there are 18 large and small cavern chambers, roads, guiding holes, support holes, tunnels and so on More than 130. To the 80's stop, the cave body has completed 85% of the amount of construction work, 60% of the amount of installation work; total investment of 740 million yuan. Some of the cave entrances were sealed after the construction work stopped in those years, so no one knows the exact number of cave entrances at present.
Edit Nuclear Reactor
Main Plant
The largest cavern in the nuclear cavern is the main reactor plant, with a 25.2-meter sidewall excavation span, a 31.2-meter vault span and a height of 69 meters, with a total area of 13,000 square meters, and a nuclear reactor hall that goes from the 3rd floor straight to the 9th floor.
Reaction Hall
Located in the 8th floor of the nuclear reactor hall, twenty to thirty meters high in the hall, when the reactor's bracket is still partially preserved, nearly 1 meter wide "work" 816 Underground Nuclear Engineering Gate
[1] made of steel section of the bracket, wrapped around a positive quadrilateral, bracket under the Norwegian large The round jack of the process pipe is densely packed with 1984 process pipes, next to more than 1 meter wide radiation ditch, covered with barite sand shipped from Yunnan, the top of the empty hall, covered with round holes, each with a diameter of about 10 centimeters. In the reaction hall around the wall covered with two layers of steel corridors, cream-colored paint painted walls are still shiny. The heavy iron gates were a full two inches thick.
Reaction Cauldron
At the bottom of the nuclear reactor hall, on the third floor inside the 816th nuclear military cavern, down a narrow corridor and through a two-inch-thick iron gate that stooped to gain access, there was a circular cauldron-shaped pool. The pool's upper mouth is about 20 meters in diameter and 5 meters deep, with production pumps responsible for normal production, control pumps responsible for regulating the temperature, and safety pumps that can stop the "out of control" people in time.
Central control room
Located in the 9 floor of the central control room, the center of the hall placed a gray console, the console is written on the "factory date: July 1980, the Chinese People's Republic of China *** and the Great Wall Switch Manufacturing Factory" of the words, the top of a 1983 made of violet light is still on. The most surprising is the control room computer system, accounting for three walls, an area of 150 square meters or so, the computer up to two meters or so, the middle of the many wires exposed in the empty iron shelves, a yellowed device display product certificate, written on the manufacturing date: June 30, 1978. Several circular displays with a diameter of about two meters have distribution signs for each part. The cave has a constant temperature of about 25 degrees Celsius in all seasons.
Editing the construction history
Historical background
The Sino-Soviet rupture in 1958 was followed by the Gulf of Tonkin incident on August 2, 1964, in which the U.S. destroyer USS McDonnell Douglas engaged in a fierce battle with a Vietnamese naval torpedo boat, which spread to the southern part of China. Mao Zedong then pointed out twice at a meeting of the Central Secretariat of the C**** that China's economic lifelines were concentrated in the big cities and coastal areas, which was not conducive to war preparations, and that the provinces should establish their own strategic rear areas.
Site Selection Approval
In the 1960s, the state decided to build a nuclear plant in the southwestern part of the Great Rearguard, the relevant departments of the many visits, after the demonstration, the town of Baitao, Fuling, Chongqing, to select the site. In order to keep it secret, the place name of Baitao has since disappeared from the map. In 1966, Zhou Enlai approved the construction of China's second industrial base of nuclear raw materials in Fuling Baitao - "three lines of construction" into the hole of the atomic energy reactors and chemical reprocessing projects, that is, for the manufacture of atomic bombs to provide nuclear raw materials for the underground nuclear power plant, the Central Military Commission specially deployed 8342 troops to undertake the main construction tasks. This is classified as a top secret military secret.
Secret construction
Beginning of the construction of the plant, the 816 project as a highly secretive military unit, 816 was called the "state-run Jianxin Chemical Machinery Factory", a regiment of troops in charge of the factory guards, the construction site will never be Veterans return to 816
allowed to leak, the communication address can only be written in Chongqing 4513
Communication address is not allowed to be disclosed. Correspondence address can only be written in Chongqing City, Box 4513, employees' families can not enter the plant, employees can only go home to visit relatives. The 816 project is located in Fuling Baitao town, which is only a few thousand people on the side of the Wujiang River, a small town, in order to maintain secrecy, where there is a "problem" people are moved out, Baitao's name disappeared from the map. 1967 February, the 54th Division of the Corps of Engineers ("Cultural Revolution"). In February 1967, three regiments of the 54th Division of the Engineering Corps ("Cultural Revolution" codenamed "8342 Corps") were sent to Sichuan to undertake the construction of the 816th project on the third line of the Southwest China. 1970, a regiment of the 54th Division that had taken part in the anti-U.S. war against Vietnam and a regiment that had stayed in the base of Jiuquan were all returned to the construction. The State Ministry of Nuclear Energy Industry also sent three construction companies one after another, whose main tasks were to build bridges and pave roads, and to build factories and residential areas. Fuling district and county deployment of civilian workers and about 10,000 people, plus the talents recruited from the country and the old plant transferred to the technical acumen is also nearly 10,000 people. In this unheard of small ditch, gathered nearly 60,000 people at once. In 1975, the 54th division completed the pit construction task, ordered to evacuate the white Tao. [2]
Stopped construction closed
February 1984, due to changes in the international situation, "816 project" was closed, never officially put into production. Later, "816 project" in a very small part of the cave body by the China Nuclear Industry Jianfeng Chemical Plant as a material warehouse to be utilized. When the construction was halted, most of the project was already completed. When we received the instruction to suspend the construction in 1982, 85% of the construction work of the 816 plant had been completed, 60% of the installation work, and the total investment amounted to 740 million yuan.
Declassification and opening
On April 8, 2002, the National Defense Science and Industry Commission (NDSC) agreed to declassify Project 816 with the No. 14 document of the Science and Industry Classification Office (2002), which is the only one of its kind in China. After several years of gestation and preparation, at the end of April 2010, as the world's largest artificial cave body and China's only declassified nuclear reactor, part of the 816 Cave Project, began to become a tourist project.
Editing the significance of the project
Preparation
The 816 project was built as a backup nuclear enterprise for Gansu's 404 plant (a highly classified military enterprise producing "heavy water").
The 816 Project was built as a backup nuclear enterprise to the Gansu 404 Plant (a highly secretive military enterprise producing "heavy water").
The 816 project was planned to produce nuclear fuel, not nuclear raw materials.The nuclear reactor of the 816 plant was a graphite water-cooled reactor, which was a dual-purpose cave project for production and power generation. In addition to the reactor part of the cave project, there is another important component - nuclear waste disposal part, including waste water, spent fuel rods and other contaminated waste disposal. 1975 troops completed the pit construction tasks, after which the plant construction and equipment installation by the 816 plant construction team to implement. Cave body plant into the hole depth of about 400 meters, the top of the cover layer is up to 200 meters thick, the core part of the plant's cover layer thickness are more than 150 meters. 816 cave body can prevent 1 million tons of hydrogen bombs equivalent to the impact of aerial explosions and 1,000 pounds of bombs directly hit the attack, but also to resist the damage of the magnitude of 8 earthquake. [3]
Tourist value
Experts argue that the "816 Project" is an important representative project of China's third-line construction history that cannot be erased. At the same time, as a former nuclear plant entity, "Project 816" in the form of tourism products open to the public, whether in the country or in the world is unique, "Project 816" is also an unparalleled national defense education project. [4]
Why is the 816 Military Cave known as the Great Underground Wall? How was such a marvelous project built?
The "816" underground nuclear project, was built in 1967. In the early stages, engineers dug holes. after 1975, 816 plant construction teams carried out plant construction, *** more than 60,000 people. The project was stopped in 1984 due to changes in the international situation and the need for strategic restructuring of the national economy. The engineers dug up the whole mountain. The amount of stones excavated was 1.51 million cubic meters. If these remnants of stones are built into a one-square-meter stone wall, it may be as long as 1,500 kilometers; there are 19 large and small openings around the mountain, including 18 large and small chambers, and more than 130 roads, guide holes, flat holes and tunnels.
The total length of all the holes and passages is about 20 kilometers. At that time, in the era of third-line construction, it was also a challenge to hide such a huge nuclear project. Therefore, there was a 150-meter-high chimney in the middle, which on the one hand became the exhaust pipe for the underground nuclear project, and on the other hand discharged smoke through the chimney, creating a hidden area above the project for secret operations. What is even more surprising is that the 816 nuclear cavern is warm in winter and cool in summer, and maintains a constant temperature of around 25°C in all seasons. The project considers two main functions: production and power generation. In addition to the nuclear reactors, the tunnels also contain a nuclear waste treatment section, including the disposal of contaminated waste such as wastewater and spent fuel rods. In the 816 nuclear project tunnel, the depth of the power plant into the tunnel is about 400 m, and the thickness of the top cover layer reaches 200 m. In the nuclear instrumentation room of the control room, all the instrumentation parts on the console are made of imported stainless steel, which are still glowing today; and numerous musical instruments in the musical instrumentation room demonstrate the dedication and wisdom of the builders at that time.
The tunnel project is designed to protect against the explosive impact of a one million ton TNT equivalent bomb. All of the steel and cement used are high-grade materials capable of resisting damage from an earthquake of magnitude 8. The largest cavern in the 816 Nuclear Tunnel is the main reactor building. The reactor hall is 79.6 meters high at the top and bottom, equivalent to the height of a 20-story building. It is known as "the world's first man-made cave", which is amazing. The Chongqing 816 underground nuclear power plant, built to produce the atomic bomb, was the "world's first artificial cave", with a total investment of 740 million yuan. By the time construction was suspended in 1984, 85% of the construction work and 60% of the installation work had been completed. The National Defense Science and Industry Commission (NDSC) issued a declassification order, and the 816 underground giant nuclear military cavern was once again discovered.
How many people were used to build the 816 Underground Nuclear Project back then
"816 Underground Nuclear Project" (hereinafter referred to as the 816 Project) is located in Baitao Street, Fuling District, Chongqing City, China, in 1967, the Chinese military secretly constructed a large-scale underground project, which is the world's largest underground project today, with a total area of About 103,000 square meters, with a total investment of 700 million RMB. From the start of construction in 1967 - ordered to stop in 1984, during the period *** counted mobilized 60,000 people to participate in the construction.
In 2010, Project 816 was officially partially opened to the public as a tourist attraction, and was named a national 4A-level tourist attraction in 2019.
Historical background:
In 1964, in order to strengthen the national defense force, the state ordered to select a site for the construction of a nuclear plant, which was eventually located in Baitao Street, Fuling District, Chongqing. In order to keep the project a top secret, "Baitao Street" officially disappeared from the map from that moment on.
816 project confidentiality level for the highest level, most of the residents of Baitao street were moved out of the other settlement to 816 project as the center of a 3-kilometer radius are designated as a military restricted area, guarded by a regiment of troops, in and out of the strict limitations of the personnel, even if it is the workers' families also can not enter. Most of the people involved in the construction of the project are the People's Liberation Army (PLA), in addition to outstanding scientists and technicians from all over the country, *** counting 60,000 people involved in the construction.
In 1984, when the international situation became peaceful, Project 816 was closed, and there has been no production, and then ordered to stop.
In 2010, Project 816 was partially opened to the public as a tourist attraction in Chongqing.