1. Common sense on first aid for electric shock on site
Common sense on first aid for electric shock on site 1. What are the common sense on first aid for electric shock?
Rescue immediately if someone is found to have been electrocuted. The key points of rescue are to first remove the person who gets an electric shock from the power source, and prevent the person who gets an electric shock from falling when disconnecting from the power source; and then implement emergency rescue according to the electric shock situation.
If the electrocuted person stops breathing and the heart does not beat, if there is no other fatal trauma, it can only be considered as suspended animation. Rescue must be carried out immediately. Time is the key, before the doctor arrives or during the process of being sent to the hospital. , no interruption in rescue is allowed. Artificial respiration and cardiac surgery are the main methods of rescue.
(1) Artificial respiration method
After the electrocuted person stops breathing, the human body stops the supply of oxygen and the discharge of carbon dioxide, which seriously affects the normal physiological activities of the human body. Therefore, artificial respiration must be performed quickly to force gas exchange so that the person who was electrocuted can resume breathing spontaneously. Under normal circumstances, most people who get electrocuted can be saved by timely artificial respiration. Therefore, rescuers must carry forward the spirit of humanitarianism, regardless of gender, old or young, and insist on performing continuous artificial respiration on the electrocuted person, so that good results can be achieved.
During on-site first aid, the mouth-to-mouth blowing method is commonly used for artificial respiration. This method is simple, easy to implement, and has quick results. The specific method is: first, let the person who received the electric shock lie on his back with his face up and his head as far back as possible. , the rescuer pinches the electrocuted person's nose with one hand, opens the electrocuted person's mouth with the other hand, and blows air close to the electrocuted person's mouth (Figure 8-4). You can also blow with a layer of gauze or a handkerchief. The amount of force you use when blowing will vary depending on the circumstances of the person receiving the electric shock. Each time you blow, the chest of the person who gets the electric shock should be slightly bulged. After blowing, quickly move your mouth away, relax the nostrils of the person who gets the electric shock, open his mouth, or open his lower lip with your hands to allow the air to escape. Call) out (Figure 8-5). The speed of blowing should be uniform, usually repeated every 5 seconds. If the person who received an electric shock has started to breathe on his own, he should continue to observe whether breathing will stop again. If it stops again, artificial respiration should be continued. But at this time, artificial respiration should be consistent with the weak spontaneous breathing of the person who was electrocuted.
Figure 8-4 Schematic diagram of artificial respiration and blowing
Figure 8-5 Schematic diagram of artificial respiration and exhalation (2) Heart *** method
If a person is electrocuted When the heart stops beating, intuitively speaking, it means that the pulse cannot be felt. At this time, the internal blood vessels of the human body lose their normal functions due to ischemia and hypoxia, resulting in death. If the rescue is timely and correct, it is possible to restore the heart's automatic beating. For people who are electrocuted whose heart has stopped beating, artificial external chest compression is usually used to force the heart to resume beating on its own. The specific operating steps are:
① Quickly place the patient in a supine position, flat on the ground or a hard board, untie the collar, and tilt the head back to open the airway. The rescuer kneels (or stands) on the left side of the patient and blows a few breaths into the patient's mouth to keep the airway open and get oxygen.
② Make a fist and punch the patient's precordial area 1 to 2 times. The punch can generate a trace amount of current to restore the heart's beating.
③The compression site is the junction of the middle 1/3 and lower 1/3 of the sternum.
④ Place the heel of your left hand close to the compression area, and overlap the heel of your right hand on the back of your left hand to separate all fingers from the chest wall.
⑤The rescuer should straighten his arms, put his shoulders directly above the patient's chest, and press vertically downwards. The compressions should be steady and regular, without interruption or sudden shock. The time of pressing down and relaxing should be roughly equal.
⑥ Number of compressions: 80 to 100 times per minute for adults; 100 times per minute for children; 120 times per minute for infants.
⑦ Compression depth: 4 to 5 cm of sternum depression for adults, 3 cm for children, and 2 cm for infants.
⑧To compress the heart of a child, just use one palm to press close to the compression area; for infants, just use the middle finger and index finger to apply pressure in the compression area. The position should be higher and closer to the midpoint of the *** line. Point upward.
⑨ While performing chest compressions, perform mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration.
When there is only one person rescuing, you can first blow 2 times mouth to mouth, then immediately perform 15 heart compressions, then blow 2 times, and then 15 times; if there are two people rescuing, one person can blow 1 time first, and the other person can perform compressions Pump the heart 5 times, then blow once, then press 5 times, and repeat this process until medical personnel arrive at the scene.
⑩ The force used for heart compression should not be too strong to prevent rib fractures or other internal organ damage. If it is found that the patient's face turns rosy, his breathing and heartbeat resume, his pulse can be felt, and his pupils retract normally, the rescue is considered a success. Therefore, during rescue operations, close attention should be paid to observing the electrocuted person's breathing, pulse, and pupils.
2. What is the knowledge about first aid for electric shock?
Original publisher: Xin Miao Pictures and Text
How to learn emergency knowledge about electric shock. The first step in first aid for electric shock is to get rid of the electric shock. The victim must be disconnected from the power source quickly, and the second step is on-site rescue. 1. If an electric shock accident occurs after disconnecting from the power supply, do not panic and remove the person who received the electric shock immediately from the power supply. Methods to remove an electric shock victim from the low-voltage power supply: ① Open the power switch at the nearest location, pull out the latch or fuse, and cut off the power supply. Pay attention to whether the single-pole switch is installed on the live wire. If it is installed on the neutral wire by mistake, it cannot be considered that the power supply has been cut off. ② Use a sharp tool with an insulated handle to cut off the power cord. ③ When you cannot find the switch or plug, you can use dry wooden sticks, bamboo poles and other insulators to pull the wires apart to remove the electric shock victim from the power supply. ④ A dry wooden board can be placed under the body of the person receiving an electric shock to insulate it from the ground. In the event of a high-voltage electric shock accident, the relevant departments should be notified immediately to cut off the power supply. It is necessary to adapt to local conditions and use various methods flexibly to cut off the power supply quickly. 2. On-site rescue (1) If the electrocuted person's breathing and heartbeat have not stopped, the electrocuted person should lie down on the ground and rest quietly. Do not let the electrocuted person move around to reduce the burden on the heart, and closely observe the breathing and heartbeat. change. (2) If the person who received an electric shock has stopped heartbeat but is still breathing, perform chest compressions on the person who received the electric shock. (3) If the person who gets an electric shock stops breathing but his heartbeat is still alive, artificial respiration should be given to the person who gets an electric shock. (4) If the person who gets an electric shock stops breathing and heartbeat, he should immediately perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Notes: 1. You must act quickly and try to shorten the electrified time of the person receiving electric shock. 2. Never touch the body of the person who gets an electric shock or the wires in contact with the person who gets the electric shock directly with your hands or metal or wet conductive objects to avoid electric shock to the rescuers themselves. First aid for electric shock is very difficult. You must patiently resuscitate until the electrocuted person is revived, or stop the resuscitation after being determined by a doctor. Because low-voltage electric shock is usually suspended animation, scientific first aid is necessary. During the rescue process, the breathing and pulse conditions of the person who received an electric shock must be determined every few minutes
3. What are the first aid treatment methods at the scene of an electric shock?
When the person who gets an electric shock is disconnected from the power source, First responders should perform on-site first aid treatment based on the different physiological reactions of the person receiving electric shock.
1. The person who received an electric shock was conscious, but felt weak, palpitated, short of breath, and pale. At this time, the person who got the electric shock should lie down and rest quietly on the spot. Do not let the person who got the electric shock move around to reduce the burden on the heart. The changes in breathing and pulse should be closely observed. If you find that the pulse of an electrocuted person is too fast or too slow, you should immediately ask medical personnel for examination and treatment.
2. If the person who is electrocuted is unconscious and has a heartbeat, but has stopped breathing or is breathing very weakly, he should promptly use the head-and-chin-raising method to open the airway and perform mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. If artificial respiration is not performed in time, the heart will stop due to prolonged hypoxia.
3. If the person who receives an electric shock loses consciousness or has his heartbeat stopped, but has weak breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately. You cannot think that chest compressions are the only way to perform weak breathing, because such weak breathing cannot play a role in gas exchange.
4. When the heartbeat and breathing of an electric shock victim stop, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately. First aid should still be performed according to cardiopulmonary resuscitation regulations when moving or being sent to the hospital.
5. When the heartbeat and breathing of the person who is electrocuted has stopped, and is accompanied by other injuries, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed quickly, and then the trauma should be treated. For patients who are electrocuted with cervical spine fractures, the head should not be tilted back when opening the airway to avoid high paraplegia, so the jaw support method should be used.
6. When a person is struck by lightning, the lightning current will depolarize the heart, causing transient metabolic quiescence and central apnea in the brain. Therefore, when the heartbeat and breathing of a person struck by lightning stop, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed, otherwise hypoxic cardiac arrest and death will occur. Just because the pupils of a lightning striker have dilated pupils should not prevent them from insisting on CPR.
4. Common sense about safe use of electricity and first aid methods for electric shock
Common sense about safe use of electricity
Dangers of electric shock to the human body
1 .Electric shock accident
(1) Electric shock: External current flows through the human body, causing damage to human organs and tissues and even death, which is called electric shock.
2. Hazards of electric shock
(2) The degree of harm caused by electric shock to the human body is related to the size of the current passing through the human body, the duration of the current, the path of the current and the nature of the current.
(3) For ordinary people, when the passing power frequency AC current exceeds 50 mA, there will be a fatal danger.
(4) Human body resistance includes internal resistance and skin resistance. The internal resistance is basically not affected by the outside world, and its value is about 500. Skin resistance is related to the dryness of the skin, and the resistance is about 1-100 k.
3. Safety voltage
(1) Safety voltage: The voltage applied to the human body without causing harm within a certain period of time is called safety voltage.
(2) my country's regulations on safety voltage: 50-500HZ AC voltage 36V, 24V, 12V, 6V DC voltage 48V, 24V, 12V, 6V, high temperature and humid places use 12V safety voltage.
4. Types of electric shock
(1) Single-phase electric shock
(2) Two-phase electric shock
(3) Step voltage Electric shock
5. Measures to prevent electric shock
(1) Protective grounding
(2) Protective grounding
(3) Use Leakage protector
(4) Adopt three-phase five-wire system
Through learning
5. The basic operations and precautions for on-site electric shock first aid are: Which
After the electrocuted person is disconnected from the power supply, on-site rescue personnel should quickly judge the injury of the electrocuted person and provide symptomatic rescue.
At the same time, we tried to contact doctors from the medical emergency center (medical department) to come to the scene to take over the treatment. Different first aid methods should be used according to the different situations of the injured due to electric shock.
The person who was electrocuted was conscious and conscious, with a beating heart, but shortness of breath and pale complexion, or he may have been comatose but did not lose consciousness. At this time, cardiopulmonary resuscitation cannot be used to rescue the person. The person who was electrocuted should be moved to a place with fresh air and good ventilation, lie down, and rest quietly for 12 hours to allow him to slowly return to normal.
Pay attention to keeping warm when the weather is cold, and observe changes in breathing and pulse at any time. If the person who gets an electric shock is unconscious and has a heartbeat, but his breathing has stopped or is very weak, he should immediately raise his head and chin to open the airway and perform mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration.
At this time, remember not to perform heart compressions on the person who has been electrocuted. If the person who is electrocuted loses consciousness, is judged to be unconscious, and has stopped heartbeat, but has very weak breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately.
When the heartbeat and breathing of an electrocuted person stop, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be carried out immediately without delay or interruption. When the heartbeat and breathing of those injured by electric shock or lightning strike have stopped, and they are accompanied by other trauma, they should first perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation quickly, and then deal with the trauma.
If someone is found to be electrocuted on the tower or at a high place, it is necessary to gain time to start rescue on the tower or at a high place as soon as possible.
6. First aid at the scene of electric shock
Emergency treatment of electric shock accidents If you encounter an electric shock situation, you must take emergency measures calmly, quickly and decisively. According to different injuries, adopt corresponding first aid methods and race against time to rescue until medical staff arrive.
The key point of first aid for electric shock is to act quickly and rescue properly.
If someone is found to have received an electric shock, the person who received the electric shock must first be disconnected from the power source as soon as possible, and then provide corresponding treatment according to the specific situation.
1. Disconnect from the power supply
(1) If the switch box is nearby, immediately pull down the switch blade or unplug the plug to disconnect the power supply.
(2) If you are far away from the gate knife, you should quickly use well-insulated electrician pliers or a sharp tool with a dry wooden handle (knife, axe, spade, etc.) to cut off the wire, or use dry wood to Use sticks, bamboo poles, hard plastic pipes, etc. to quickly pull the wire away from the person who received the electric shock.
(3) If there is no suitable insulation available at the scene, the rescuers can also wrap their hands in several layers of dry clothes, stand on a dry wooden board, and pull the clothes of the person who received the electric shock to make them Disconnect from power source.
(4) For high-voltage electric shocks, the relevant departments should be immediately informed of a power outage, or the switch should be quickly pulled, or an experienced person should take special measures to cut off the power supply.
2. Symptomatic treatment
For those who are electrocuted, they can be treated according to the following three situations:
(1) For those who are conscious after being electrocuted, Special personnel should be taken care of and observed, and normal activities can be resumed only after the condition is stable; for those who are mildly comatose or have weak breathing, acupuncture or pinching acupuncture points such as Renzhong, Shixuan, and Yongquan can be performed and sent to the hospital for treatment.
(2) For those who are not breathing but have a beating heart after being electrocuted, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration should be used immediately; for those who are breathing but whose heart has stopped beating, external chest heart compression should be performed immediately for rescue. .
(3) If the heartbeat and breathing of the person who gets an electric shock have stopped, artificial respiration and measures such as prone back pressing, supine chest pressing, and heart squeezing must be taken simultaneously for rescue.
Prone back-pressing method: The rescued person lies prone, with his head tilted to one side and one arm bent under his head. The rescuer spreads his legs, kneels on both sides of the patient's thighs, stretches his arms, and puts the palms of his hands on the patient's back. The thumb is close to the spine, and the four fingers are pressed outward against the ribs, using the weight of the body to compress the patient's back. Then the body is backward and the hands are relaxed, allowing the patient's chest to expand naturally and air to enter the lungs. Repeat the above method, 16 to 20 times per minute.
Supine chest compression method: The rescued person lies on his back, with a pillow behind his back to make his chest protrude, his hands straightened, and his head turned to one side. The rescuer spreads his legs, kneels on both sides of the patient's upper thighs, faces the patient's head, puts the palms of his hands on the patient's chest, with his thumbs pointing up and his four fingers spread out, naturally compressing the patient's chest and compressing the air in the lungs. out. Then relax your hands, the patient's chest will naturally expand according to its elasticity, and air will enter the lungs. Repeat this, 16 to 20 times per minute.
When the heart of a person who gets an electric shock stops and his heart stops, he must immediately use the heart squeeze method to rescue him. The specific method is as follows.
(1) Untie the clothes of the person who received an electric shock and make him lie on his back on the floor with his head tilted back in the same posture as mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration.
(2) The rescuer kneels on both sides of the electrocuted person’s waist, folds his hands, and places the roots of his palms above the electrocuted person’s heart and 1/3 below the sternum.
(3) Push the heel of the palm vertically downward and squeeze toward the back. For adults, the depression should be 3 to 4 cm. Squeeze once per second and 60 times per minute.
(4) After squeezing, the heel of the palm quickly relaxes completely, allowing the chest of the electrocuted person to recover automatically. The heel of the palm does not have to completely leave the chest every time it is relaxed.
Repeat the above steps. If the electrocuted person's breathing and heartbeat have stopped, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and external chest heart compression should be performed at the same time. If there is only one person rescuing at the scene, the two methods should be carried out alternately. Blow 2 to 3 times each time and squeeze 10 to 15 times. [5]