Analysis of Common Problems in Mechanical Design and Processing Essay
1 Preface
The design and processing process affects the quality of machinery and equipment parts, and any problems in any part of the process will reduce the quality of the parts. In the design and processing of parts, material stress, design process, processing will affect the quality of parts. Therefore, in accordance with the function and use of parts and components, select the appropriate mechanical materials, the use of scientific, standardized processing technology, effectively reduce the processing error, enhance the quality of the process, and then enhance the level of parts and components processing, to lay a solid foundation for the development of industrial production.
2 common problems faced in mechanical design and processing
2.1 Problems with the surface quality of parts
The surface quality of parts has a direct impact on their service life and performance, so the design should be careful to calculate the physical properties of the materials used in parts and components, and effective control of the surface quality of parts. Factors that have a direct impact on the surface quality is the quality of the cutting material, if the material has a strong toughness, the probability of plastic deformation during processing is greater, cutting is prone to surface roughness of the parts; if the material material material is more brittle, easy to fall off during the cutting process of debris, increasing the degree of surface roughness.
2.2 Problems of machining accuracy
Currently is the rapid development of science and technology in the era of industrialization, the requirements of products with higher precision, mechanical parts also need to continuously improve the accuracy and quality, so the mechanical design and processing to effectively control the accuracy of the product. However, in the design and processing there are many variables that are difficult to grasp, such as abrasives, tools, normal wear and tear, will affect the accuracy of the parts. In the processing of the temperature increase, will varying degrees of change in the processing of the rational performance of the material object, reduce the accuracy of the parts, and then the use of the product performance to a certain extent, so we need to pay attention to the control of machining accuracy.
2.3 Mechanical products cost-effective problems
The quality of mechanical products have an impact on many factors, a variety of issues that lead to the design and processing process is prone to omissions, the design and processing of the design and processing only focus on the selection of materials, but do not pay attention to the processing of raw materials, the efficiency of mechanical production has a great impact. In addition, the existence of mechanical errors can easily lead to mechanical failure, improve maintenance costs, and increase the cost of products, which in turn reduces the cost-effectiveness of products. The competitiveness of enterprises is closely related to the price-performance ratio of their products, low cost-effective will reduce the market share of the product, therefore, to solve the problem of lubricants is to improve the price-performance ratio of the product. Important factors.
2.4 Problems with the use of lubricants
The use of lubricants in mechanical design affects the quality and accuracy of processed parts. Lubricants have lubricating and cooling properties. In machining, high-speed equipment will produce a lot of heat, in the high temperature environment of the processing material will appear deformation and thus produce errors. Therefore, the lubricant should reduce the heat generated by processing, play a cooling effect, enhance the efficiency of the equipment. However, many companies do not have the correct choice of lubricant type, and do not play the role of the lubricant should be.
3 Mechanical design and processing measures to solve common problems
3.1 Selection of suitable raw materials
The physical properties of the raw materials have a direct impact on the mechanical design and processing, in order to enhance the accuracy, to choose the right material, which reduces the cost of processing, but also enhances the accuracy of product design. Therefore, before the design, according to the parts of the processing technology and the use of raw materials to choose, test the application characteristics and physical properties of the material, to ensure that it will not be deformed with the temperature change in the processing. At the same time, the abrasives and tools should be checked regularly, when it is worn to a certain extent, may affect the accuracy of the parts, to be replaced in a timely manner.
3.2 batch, standardized design and processing
Parts standardization is in accordance with the structural performance, size requirements for the design, enhance the standard level of design, and achieve mass production. Production to select materials, simplify the process, enhance product quality and productivity. Optimization of parts to compress the design time, effectively reduce the waste phenomenon that occurs when working to enhance the economic efficiency of the product to provide development momentum. Mechanical design and processing focuses on standardized process procedures, processing parts to shorten the duration of the work, because the parts processing time is too long will damage the parts, a one-time, batch completion of parts processing. As each processing will make the parts subject to residual stress, so control the number of processing can effectively protect the quality of parts.
3.3 Selection of tools, design parameters
To select the appropriate tool in accordance with the characteristics of the raw material, to face the impact of the cutting volume factors on the parts, focus on the cutting speed and depth, so as not to affect the quality of the parts. To adjust the cutting depth and speed according to the material and nature of the parts. Cutting fluid should be used when cutting to reduce the cutting temperature and improve the cutting quality. In the process of mechanical design and processing, the cutting amount should be set as the main parameter, which has an important impact on the cutting speed, depth, and total product quality. To set the parameters according to the material and properties of the parts, and comprehensively consider each of the factors affecting the mechanical design and processing.
3.4 Correct use of lubricants
The design and processing of metal parts should be the correct use of lubricants, in order to reduce the temperature of machining, mechanical products, grinding, stamping, cutting, the use of lubricants can improve the application of the product practice. In addition, to pay attention to the cleaning of metal debris, both to remove heat, but also to reduce machine tool wear and corrosion of parts, to achieve the purpose of reducing costs and increase productivity. Metal lubricants to reflect the anti-corrosion, lubrication and cooling of the triple role, but also according to the specifics of machining, analyze the requirements of the parts and the design process, the choice of pure oil or water-soluble lubricants. For example, high-speed steel cutter for high-speed cutting can choose water-soluble lubricants, low-speed cutting can choose pure oil-based lubricants. If the cutting fluid is difficult to carry out correctly, it is necessary to choose pure oil-based lubricant, in addition to water-soluble lubricant can be chosen. The choice of lubricant is even more important because the standard and accuracy of the parts are gradually increasing.
4 Conclusion
With the development of industrialization, the quality of the parts and the accuracy of the higher requirements, so in the process of mechanical design and processing should be effective in controlling the quality of parts. In accordance with the production requirements, select the appropriate material, test the stress characteristics and physical properties of the material to meet the design and processing requirements. Choose the design process, check the grinding tools and cutting tools of the machinery, and replace the grinding tools and cutting tools with large degree of wear in time so as not to affect the quality of the parts. We have to complete the design process, reduce costs, enhance productivity, ensure the quality of parts, and promote the stable and rapid development of China's industrial production.
References:
[1] Lv Minglai, Zuo Lu. Common problems and solution measures in mechanical design and processing [J]. Heilongjiang science and technology information, 2016(18).
［2］ Xiao Jianfu. Thinking about common problems in mechanical design and processing [J]. Shandong industrial technology, 2015(24).
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