1. Changes in means of transportation at the beginning of the reform
(1) Bicycles became popular
People who generally walked began to pursue the use of means of transportation. However, due to economic strength and Technology was limited, and the only popular means of transportation at that time was bicycles. At that time, except for buses, most people used bicycles or walked to get to and from get off work.
(2) Motorcycles have become people’s new favorite
Since the 1990s, motorcycles, as a fashionable means of transportation, have rapidly “flyed into the homes of ordinary people”, especially In the era of "traffic jams everywhere" in Guangzhou. In today's society, this darling will be slowly forgotten. Motorcycles have been popular in China for some time due to their convenience, efficiency, labor saving and other advantages. Its advantages are understandable, and with the development of society, the problems it exposes are also It is becoming more and more serious, with poor safety and environmental pollution caused by exhaust gas. At this time, people's hope for a safer and more comfortable means of transportation has become more urgent.
2. Diversification of transportation at the turn of the century
After the 1990s, China's transportation began to show a trend of diversification, making people travel faster and more conveniently. Entering the 21st century, transportation has comprehensive three-dimensional coverage on land, sea, and air. It can fly in the sky, run on the ground, or swim in the water. Everything is impossible. The trend of diversification is becoming more and more apparent, and the earth is gradually "shrinking." .
(1) The "lifting" and popularization of private cars
With the continuous improvement of residents' living standards, many people have the ability to consume cars, and many citizens bid farewell to bicycles, Electric vehicles, motorcycles, and private cars are used as means of transportation in daily life. The emergence of a large number of private cars has changed not only the mode and efficiency of travel, but also the lifestyle and philosophy of citizens. Private cars have great flexibility. Private car owners do not need to be exposed to wind and sun to catch the bus, and they do not have to worry about work delays. They are convenient and efficient. In addition, the popularity of private cars has also promoted the development of the national economy from the side.
(2) Promotion of public transportation
(1) Bus
In the early 1980s, buses began to become popular across the country. In the 1980s and 1990s, buses have become the main means of transportation in cities. Bus transportation is the window and business card of the city. As the first choice for citizens to travel, public transportation has undergone important changes in recent years. Ten years ago, bus lines were short and few vehicles were used. Nowadays, with the development of economy, science and technology and the improvement of people's living standards, cities have continued to implement the "bus first" strategy of giving priority to the development of public transportation from the aspects of urban planning, environmental protection, energy conservation, traffic safety and other aspects. , the number of bus routes and vehicles are constantly increasing, and the quality of bus vehicles is also constantly improving. The role of buses is increasing day by day, and convenient and fast buses have become an indispensable and important bridge in people's daily lives.
The future development trend of buses is towards energy conservation and environmental protection. Faced with the current situation of energy shortage and increasingly serious environmental pollution, people have to change their ideas and make a qualitative breakthrough in the concept of environmental protection of buses. With the support of the "863" plan, our country has made great progress in key technologies such as power and fuel. In Hangzhou, buses are powered by liquefied natural gas. This new type of environmentally friendly bus reduces the use of gasoline and diesel, reduces carbon dioxide emissions, saves energy consumption, and protects the environment.
The 21st century is a harmonious society, and harmonious buses must reflect their humanized design. In response to the current situation where people forget to bring money or have no change when taking the bus, Pingdingshan, Henan has implemented a "Construction Enterprise IC Card Key Management System" to use IC cards instead of cash for payment. During the Beijing Olympic Games, Olympic buses were specially equipped with a system specifically designed to serve the disabled. Install an escalator on the stairs to allow people with disabilities to get on the bus. In addition, more and more buses are beginning to install automatic air conditioning systems in the bus to automatically adjust the bus temperature according to the temperature inside the bus.
(2) Taxi
Taxi is an urban means of transportation that carries the government’s public policy, the interests of taxi companies, the driver’s source of income, and the convenience of citizens’ travel. "Business Card". In the urban public transportation system, taxis are an important mode of transportation that meet consumers' special travel needs. In the early days of reform and opening up, taxis were the most fashionable way of travel at the time. At that time, if you wanted to take a taxi, you had to buy a ticket first, and most drivers were not like those who are now soliciting passengers. If you don’t buy a ticket at a ticket office, you won’t be able to get a taxi. It’s not as convenient as now where you can get a taxi at any time. If you wanted to take a taxi at that time, you had to buy a ticket first, and then the dispatcher would dispatch a car. Moreover, drivers work in "three shifts", divided into three shifts: morning, afternoon and evening, and are "listed for business". Now, taxis can be "waved to a stop", and they are all over the streets picking up jobs.
2. Rail transit and ships
(1) Rail transit
The full name of rail transit is urban rapid rail transit, which refers to the large-volume rail transportation in cities. public transportation system. At present, international rail transportation includes subways, light rails, suburban railways, trams, and suspended trains. It is known as the "main artery of urban transportation."
According to research by the China Urban Public Transport Association and the Sino-German Metro Standards Research Group, rail transit is superior to private transportation and traditional buses in terms of volume, speed, and operation methods: the transportation capacity of the subway is better than that of the ground Buses are 7 to 10 times larger than buses and can transport 40,000 to 60,000 passengers per hour in one direction. Light rail can transport 20,000 to 30,000 passengers per hour, while buses and electric buses can transport up to 10,000 passengers per hour; The slowest running speed of rail transit is more than 30 kilometers per hour, and the maximum speed of subway is 128 kilometers per hour. The designed speed of Guangzhou Metro Line 3 is 120 kilometers per hour. The operation mode of rail transit is comfortable, punctual, and covers a small area. , energy saving, less pollution, subway trains are powered by electricity, and there is basically no air pollution problem.
The fundamental way to solve urban traffic problems is to give priority to the development of urban public transportation systems with rail transit as the backbone. Rail transit is a way to significantly improve the supply capacity of transportation capacity and can provide fundamental guarantee for alleviating traffic congestion.
my country's rail transportation has mainly gone through the development stages from trains and subways to light rail and maglev trains as well as high-speed railways. At the beginning of the reform and opening up, the railway lines were short and there were few lines. Moreover, the trains at that time had no windows and no air circulation. Since the reform and opening up, my country's railway construction has advanced by leaps and bounds, and the scale and quality of the road network have significantly improved.
(2) Ships
Shippers in the early days of reform and opening up were small in size, slow in speed, and had short sailing distances. Moreover, most of the ships at that time were made of wood and bamboo rafts. Nowadays, ships have become an important tool for people to sail across the ocean. Today's ships are large in size, carry large volumes of cargo, and are suitable for ocean voyages.
3. Aircraft
Since the reform and opening up, China’s civil aviation industry has also achieved rapid development. Flying, currently the most advanced and fastest mode of transportation for mankind, was still an elusive dream for most Chinese people more than 30 years ago. Nowadays, it is as common for people to travel by plane as they used to be by train. Many business people have become "flying people" who often shuttle between cities in the country. The waiting hall of the airport is always busy.
(3) New energy-saving means of transportation are emerging day by day.
The subway is the pioneer of urban rapid rail transportation and a new product of modern energy-saving and environmental protection. At present, only larger cities in China have built it. There is a metro network. The subway does not have to be underground. It can also run on the ground or on elevated lines according to the specific conditions of the city. The subway not only has a large transportation capacity, is fast to construct, is safe and punctual, it also saves energy, does not pollute the environment, and saves urban land. The subway is suitable for urban central areas with long travel distances and large passenger demand.
Magnetic levitation transportation is a transportation system that is suspended on the ground without wheel-rail adhesive transmission.
Maglev trains use the suction or repulsion generated by normally conducting magnets or superconducting magnets to float the vehicle, use the above composite technology to generate guiding force, and use linear motors to generate traction power, making it high-speed, safe, comfortable, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, A new generation of transportation tools that is easy to maintain and takes up little space.
In addition to the widespread use of electric vehicles, our country is also actively researching and developing vehicles that use solar energy, and has made effective progress. With the continuous improvement of our country’s scientific and technological strength, many new energy-saving vehicles will continue to emerge, among which Including air-cushion vehicles and unicycles, high-energy-consuming and high-polluting means of transportation will surely be replaced by efficient and energy-saving means of transportation.