According to the nature, severity, controllability and scope of influence of radiation accidents, the health emergency response to radiation accidents is categorized into four levels, namely, particularly significant radiation accidents, significant radiation accidents, large radiation accidents and general radiation accidents.
Extraordinary major radiation accidents, refers to the loss, theft, loss of control of Class I, Class II radioactive sources caused by a wide range of serious radiation contamination consequences, or loss of control of radioisotopes and radiation devices leading to more than three people (including three people) received whole body irradiation dose of more than 8 Gray.
Major radiation accidents, refers to the loss, theft, loss of control of Class I, Class II radioactive sources, or loss of control of radioisotopes and radiation devices resulting in less than 2 people (including 2 people) were exposed to whole-body irradiation dose of greater than 8 Gorey or more than 10 people (including 10 people) acute and severe radiation sickness, local organ disability.
Larger radiation accidents, refers to the loss, theft, loss of control of Class Ⅲ radioactive sources, or radioisotopes and radiation devices out of control resulting in less than 9 people (including 9 people) acute severe radiation sickness, local organ disability.
General radiation accident, refers to the loss, theft, loss of control of Class Ⅳ, Ⅴ radioactive sources, or radioisotopes and radiation devices out of control resulting in personnel exposed to more than the annual dose limit value. Medical institutions or doctors found that there are patients with typical symptoms of acute radiation sickness or radioactive skin injury, medical institutions should be reported to the local health administrative department within two hours.
The health administrative department that receives the report of the radiation accident shall, within 2 hours, report to the higher-level health administrative department up to the provincial health administrative department, and at the same time notify the environmental protection department and public security department at the same level, and report the information on the radiation accident to the people's government at the same level; in the event of a particularly significant radiation accident, it shall at the same time report to the Ministry of Health.
Provincial health administrative department received a radiation accident report, after preliminary judgment, that the radiation accident may be particularly significant radiation accidents and major radiation accidents, should be within two hours of the radiation accident information to report to the provincial people's government and the Ministry of Health, and timely notification of the provincial environmental protection departments and public security departments. The health emergency response to radiation accidents adheres to the principle of territoriality. Particularly major radiation accidents in the health emergency response organized by the Ministry of Health, major radiation accidents, major radiation accidents and general radiation accidents in the health emergency response organized by the provincial health administrative departments.
5.3.1 Health emergency response to particularly significant radiation accidents
The Ministry of Health received a particularly significant radiation accident notification or report of a person suffering from radiation damage, immediately start the health emergency response to particularly significant radiation accidents and reported to the State Council Emergency Response Office, and at the same time notify the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Ministry of Health leading group of health emergency response to nuclear accidents and radiation accidents to organize expert groups to carry out a comprehensive assessment of injuries and treatment, according to the need to send experts or emergency teams to the accident site in a timely manner to carry out health emergency response, medical treatment and public protection work.
Radiation accidents occur in the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Health Administration under the command of the Ministry of Health, the organization and implementation of health emergency response to radiation accidents.
5.3.2 Major radiation accidents, major radiation accidents and general radiation accidents health emergency response
Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government health administrative departments received major radiation accidents, major radiation accidents and general radiation accidents notification, report or instructions, and there are people exposed to excessive dose, the organization of the implementation of the jurisdiction of the health emergency response work, and immediately dispatched to the scene of the health emergency response team to carry out treatment and public protection work. teams to the scene of the accident to carry out on-site treatment and personnel rescue, and if necessary, may request the Ministry of Health for support.
The Ministry of Health, after receiving the request for support, the Director of the Nuclear and Radiation Emergency Response Office of the Ministry of Health to organize the implementation of health emergency response, according to the need for timely dispatch of experts or emergency response team to the accident site to carry out health emergency.
Radiation accidents occur in the city (prefecture), state and county-level health administrative departments in the province, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the guidance of the health administrative department, the organization and implementation of health emergency response to radiation accidents.
(1) classification of the injured: according to the injury, radioactive contamination and radiation exposure to the injured for initial classification.
(2) casualty rescue: emergency care for the critically ill and injured, non-radiation injury and radiation damage to the local health administrative department designated by the following radiation damage to the local medical institutions for treatment, moderate and above radiation damage to the provincial health administrative department designated medical institutions for treatment. In order to avoid continued exposure to radiation, the injured should be evacuated from the accident site as soon as possible.
(3) contaminated personnel handling: radioactive contamination incident, the possibility and has been contaminated by radioactive contamination of personnel for radioactive contamination detection, decontamination of contaminated personnel to prevent the spread of contamination.
(4) Estimation of irradiated dose: collection of biological samples and items that can be used to estimate the irradiated dose of personnel, and estimation of radiation dose of personnel who may have been irradiated in excess of the annual dose limit.
(5) Public protection: guiding the public in personal protection and carrying out prevention and treatment of psychological effects; proposing measures to protect public health according to the situation.
(6) Radioactivity monitoring of drinking water and foodstuffs: in the event of radioactive contamination, participate in the radioactivity monitoring of drinking water and foodstuffs, and put forward suggestions as to whether drinking water and foodstuffs can be consumed and eaten.
(7) Protection of health emergency personnel: health emergency personnel should do a good job of individual protection to minimize the dose of radiation exposure.
See Figure 3 for the health emergency response process for radiation accidents, and see Annex 4 for the health emergency response process. The health emergency response for radiation accidents is completed, and the sick and injured are treated in the medical institutions, and the Ministry of Health's Leading Group for Health Emergency Response to Nuclear and Radiation Accidents may announce the termination of the health emergency response for particularly major radiation accidents, and report it to the State Council Emergency Response Office for the record, and inform the Ministry of Environmental Protection at the same time; the provinces, autonomous regions, Municipalities directly under the Central Health Administration may declare a major radiation accident, larger radiation accidents and general radiation accidents, the termination of the health emergency response, and reported to the local government Emergency Response Office for the record, while informing the local government environmental protection department.
After the termination of the health emergency response to radiation accidents, the organization and participation in the health emergency response to the local health administrative departments within one month to submit a written summary report to the higher level of the health administrative departments, copy the same level of environmental protection departments and public security departments. Major radiation accidents and larger radiation accidents in the health emergency response summary report to the Ministry of Health.
Figure 3 Health Emergency Response Flowchart for Radiation Accidents (omitted) 5.5.1 Process Evaluation
Aiming at the various aspects of the health emergency response process for radiation accidents, the effectiveness and negative effects of the treatment measures are evaluated, and the hazardous impacts of the injuries and the public health are evaluated and predicted, and the experience and lessons are summarized in a timely manner and the technical program is revised.
5.5.2 Terminal assessment
After the completion of the health emergency response to radiation accidents, the relevant departments should summarize the success of the health emergency response process in a timely manner, for the emergence of problems and weaknesses to be improved, and timely modification and improvement of health emergency response to radiation accidents, improve the personnel and system construction, and continuously improve the health emergency response to radiation accidents. Evaluation report reported to the people's government at this level emergency office and higher health administrative departments.