A method of artificially injecting male semen into the female cervix or uterine cavity to assist in conception. Mainly used for male infertility. There are two types of artificial insemination: artificial insemination between spouses and artificial insemination between non-spouses. If the man has sexual organ abnormalities, such as short penis, hypospadias, impotence, premature ejaculation, etc., or the woman has cervical stenosis, unexplained infertility, etc., spousal artificial insemination can be used. If the man's vas deferens is blocked and he has no sperm, non-spousal artificial insemination can be used. If the man is older than 50 years old, has abnormal semen or has inflammation of the urinary tract, and the woman has genital malformations or other systemic diseases, artificial insemination is not suitable. In order to avoid medical and ethical disputes, doctors should explain the method, success rate, complications and other ethical and social issues of artificial insemination to the subject before surgery.
Artificial insemination refers to the method of using equipment to inject semen into or around the cervical canal or even into the uterine cavity to replace sexual intercourse to make a woman pregnant.
In vitro fertilization is a popular term for artificial insemination. Please note the difference between the words "receive" and "transfer" between "artificial insemination" and "artificial insemination"! In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is test tube baby. The usual process is: drug induction of ovulation → B-ultrasound monitoring → egg retrieval → in vitro fertilization → embryo transfer → post-transplantation treatment
Artificial insemination (AI) is divided into vaginal insemination according to the method of sperm injection. (Intravaginal insemination, IVI), intracervical insemination (ICI), intrauterine insemination (IUI), intratubal insemination (ITI), intrafollicular insemination (IFI) and intraperitoneal insemination (Intraperitoneal insemination, IPI) is a type of modern assisted reproductive technology. Assisted reproductive techniques (ART): It is a new technology developed at the intersection of obstetrics and gynecology, urology, genetics and molecular biology. It is a technology that involves the operation of oocytes, sperm and embryos. A technique that increases fertility or improves pregnancy outcomes.
The cost of artificial insemination varies from place to place and hospital to hospital. The cost includes the examination of the couple, ovulation monitoring, artificial insemination, etc. Some even include the cost of semen washing and ovulation induction. Of course, the earlier the treatment is successful, the less the cost will be. However, patients should be mentally and financially prepared for several unsuccessful treatments, especially if the man has abnormal semen. For specific costs and preparations, it is best to consult the hospital where you are treated.
Applicable objects for artificial insemination 1. Male factor*Abnormal semen analysis (low number of sperm, poor motility but not serious)
*Anti-sperm antibody reaction
*Retrograde ejaculation
2. Female factors*Endometriosis
*Cervical dysfunction (such as cervical mucus containing anti-sperm antibodies or dysfunction)
*Vaginaspasm
*Ovulation disorder
3. Unexplained infertility
4. Insemination using stored semen
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Timing]
One of the keys to improving the success rate of artificial insemination is to choose the accurate time of insemination: artificial insemination is most likely to be successful between 48 hours before ovulation and 12 hours after ovulation. Commonly used detection methods are:
1. Basal body temperature (BBT) measurement: that is, the body temperature at rest. Record the basal body temperature measured daily during the menstrual cycle, draw it into a curve, and observe it.
The basal body temperature is low during the follicular phase and is lowest on the day of ovulation. After ovulation, the body temperature returns to normal 1 to 2 days before the next menstruation, or on the day of menstruation.
2. Cervical mucus examination: During ovulation, the cervical mucus is thin and transparent, and the mucus threads can be stretched to more than 10cm. After ovulation, cervical mucus becomes turbid, thicker, and less stringy. Fern-like crystals can be seen on cervical mucus smears before ovulation.
3. Hormone measurement predicts ovulation: The peak value of luteinizing hormone before ovulation can predict the time of ovulation.
4. B-ultrasound monitors the development of follicles and endometrial thickness.
[Method]
1. Preparation of semen
Before using the husband’s sperm for artificial insemination, the husband should abstain from sexual intercourse for 3 to 5 days, and the husband should wash himself before collecting semen on the same day. Collect semen using masturbation with your hands and around the penis. Be careful to avoid contact with the inner mouth of the sterile and non-toxic semen collection cup to ensure complete semen collection. Send to laboratory immediately.
After the semen is liquefied, conduct routine analysis of the semen, including semen volume, liquefaction time, sperm count, motility rate, agglutination, etc., and select different methods for optimal treatment according to the semen quality. The entire process is carried out in a clean bench to ensure sterility. Commonly used semen processing methods generally include: washing, upstream, downstream, Percoll gradient centrifugation, micro-Percoll gradient centrifugation, etc.
Put the selected semen at 37°C until use.
2. Surgery
During artificial insemination, 0.3 to 0.5 ml of optimally processed semen is slowly injected into the uterine cavity using intrauterine artificial insemination. The entire process is strictly aseptic.
The patient must lie on his back with his legs together for 30 to 60 minutes.
Generally, artificial insemination is performed once one day before ovulation and once on the day of ovulation.
3. Precautions after artificial insemination
(1) Avoid semen leakage afterwards
Artificial insemination will end within 2-3 minutes. If you leave the clinic immediately at this time, the semen that was finally injected will flow out of the vagina.
After the end, women should close their knees tightly, raise their legs slightly, and lie still in this state for more than ten minutes (review note: At present, the semen of artificial insemination is concentrated into about 0.3ml after washing. Then, it is injected deep into the uterus, there is not much chance of outflow, and there is no need to lie down for a long time).
The most important thing to note when performing artificial insemination is that the injected semen cannot flow out.
(2) No strenuous exercise
After artificial insemination, you can go home directly. You don’t have to lie in bed after returning home, and you can do housework as usual. However, be sure to avoid strenuous activities such as running and jumping that day. You can take a bath on the day, but you are not allowed to take a bath in the bathtub.