CMM refers to Coordinate Measuring Machine, which is an instrument that is capable of performing measurement of geometric shapes, lengths, and circumferential indexing within the space of a hexahedron, and is also known as a Coordinate Measuring Instrument (CMM) or Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). Coordinate measuring machine can be defined as "an instrument with a detector that can move in three directions on three mutually perpendicular guide rails, the detector transmits signals by contact or non-contact, etc., and the displacement measurement system of the three axes (e.g., an optical ruler) calculates the coordinates of each point of the workpiece (X, Y, and Z) and the measurement of each function by a data processor or computer, etc. ". Measuring function of CMM should include dimensional accuracy, positioning accuracy, geometric accuracy and contour accuracy. Three-dimensional also refers to three-dimensional space, if you need details, please visit the three-dimensional space or 3D words.
Basic introduction Chinese name: three-dimensional Foreign name: The three dimensional Alias: three-dimensional space Other meanings: Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) Origin: 1860s Classification: Cartesian coordinate system, articulated coordinate system Necessary tools: image three-dimensional, c three-dimensional, etc. Abbreviation: CMM History, operation, steps, precautions, selection method, classification. Cartesian coordinate system, Articulated coordinate system, Other classifications, Advantages, Functions, Fields of application, Basic information, Introduction, Characteristics, Principle of operation, Coordinate analogies, History Until a few decades ago, Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) were known only to a very small number of people in the industrial world. Since the 1960's, due to the development of electronics, computers and sensors, the function and application of CMMs have improved a lot, enabling the manufacturing industry to achieve high quality, high efficiency and multi-functional measurement requirements. 1921-1930s, due to the universal measuring microscope and tool microscope can not do Z-axis direction of the measurement. In 1940, the first coordinate measuring machine was introduced to read the standard ruler with the naked eye and compare the measuring method with the microscope. Between 1950 and 1960 to really make the three coordinate measuring machine, but still use the naked eye to read out the way, so you need to use skilled technicians to operate in order to achieve. After 1960, the British National Engineering Laboratory and the National Physical Laboratory *** with the use of linear grating type and Moray stripes to code, which is used today to read out the value of the coordinate measuring machine, the minimum number of axes to move up to 0.001mm, and then with the computer set. As the computer software is designed to talk to the type, it is very convenient to use, and thus the use of CMM, has been an indispensable tool for modern industrial measurement. Into the 1980s, ZEISS, LEITZ, DEA, LK, Mitutoyo, SIP, FERRANTI, MOORE, etc. as the representative of a number of companies continue to introduce new products, so that the CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) to accelerate the pace of development. Modern CMM can not only complete a variety of complex measurements under the control of the computer, but also realize the control of processing by exchanging information with CNC tool machines, and also realize the reverse engineering based on the measurement data. Operation Procedure 1.Establish three coordinates (the system will default a three coordinates) 2.Use the standard parts to calibrate the coordinates. 3. Select the geometric elements on the measured workpiece. 4. Measure the geometric elements. 5. Collect data information. 6. Data is converted to image. Precautions 1. When touching the workpiece with the probe, keep the direction perpendicular to the measured surface of the workpiece as much as possible. When actually touching the point, at least keep the angle with the vertical surface within ± 30 °. This prevents the probe from slipping and causing poor repeatability of the measurement. And then with the help of the system's probe compensation to realize the accuracy of the data. 2, pay attention to the effective length of the probe, in order to avoid the length is not enough to cause a large error in the measurement. Selection method Select the size of three-dimensional coordinate First of all, we should choose the size of the three-dimensional (coordinate) model from the size of the measured product, such as the general use of the model size: NC654, NC765, NC865, NC1077, NCL1297, NCL15107, NCL20107, NCL15108 and so on. Explanation of the name of the model size: such as NC654 letters in front of the model, followed by 654 that the three axes of the XYZ effective stroke: X = 600mm, Y = 500mm, Z = 400mm. Select the three-dimensional coordinate model Three-dimensional three-coordinate Different models of the three-dimensional (three-coordinate) and their accuracy levels are not the same. NC series - fully automatic three-dimensional NCL series a large automatic three-dimensional NCF series - high-precision automatic three-dimensional NC with laser scanning composite test automatic three-dimensional NCG series - fully automatic three-dimensional for very large workpieces Selecting three-dimensional coordinate probe system The probe is the part of the three-dimensional coordinate that is in contact with the tool to detect the contact with the tool, and it is used to measure the product. MCP simple probe MH20I multi-angle manually adjustable probe PH10T multi-angle automatically adjustable probe. MCP simple probe function is limited and cheap mostly used in the manual machine, MH20I multi-angle manual adjustment probe to meet the requirements of automatic CMM measurement, and the price is smaller than PH10T probe, used in small travel automatic three-dimensional, PH10T multi-angle automatic adjustment probe can automatically adjust the angle of the high-efficiency, generally used for more than one meter of the three-dimensional large travel. Three-dimensional coordinate can also be added to other measurement modules, such as: add laser scanning module, you can realize the reverse design of laser copying. Add image module, can realize 2D image measurement. Overall, by adding these three functions, complex reverse engineering can be realized. Classification Right Angle Coordinate System (RACS) Including Line Drawing Machine, Cantilever Type, Bridge Type; Joint Coordinate System (JCS) Joint Coordinate Measuring Machine (JCM) adopts Differential Junction Coordinate System (DJCS), which is a type of measuring machine in which the movement of the measuring head along the surface of the workpiece will result in the change of the angle of the joints, and the angular displacements of the various axes are measured by the decoder, and the displacement of each axis can be realized through the Qi-series conversion of the joint coordinates. (The market is generally called: image three-dimensional, c three-dimensional, image three-dimensional, economic three-dimensional, optical image measuring instrument, gantry three-dimensional, c automatic three-dimensional, non-contact three-dimensional, optical three-coordinate measuring machine, three-coordinate measuring machine, three-dimensional coordinates, optical three-dimensional, probe three-dimensional, economic three-dimensional manual three-dimensional measuring machine, high-precision three-dimensional measuring machine, measurement) Three-dimensional measuring machine, three-dimensional measuring machine, three-dimensional measuring machine, two-dimensional measuring machine, three-dimensional measuring instrument, three-dimensional, movable bridge-type three-dimensional measuring machine, fixed bridge-type three-dimensional measuring instrument) Other classifications In fact, three-dimensional three-dimensional according to whether or not to contact with the surface of the workpiece can be divided into: contact CMM and non-contact coordinate measuring machine. Contact CMM is also introduced above with air bearing and probe, non-contact CMM refers to our market known as the image type precision mapping three yuan. Advantages Mechanically speaking, the advantages of CMM (three-dimensional) are: 1, the key to scientific and technological progress - CMM because of scientific and technological advances, making the CMM practical, and has a variety of measurement functions. Air bearings, the coordinate axis moving surface using air bearings, so that the probe moves smoothly, you can move the probe very accurately; Optical linear ruler, with the installation of the machine coordinate system on the three-line optical linear ruler, you can accurately obtain the coordinate measurement value; Computer equipment, CMM using the calculation method to obtain the results of the measurement, the data processing machine and the measurement software with the increase in the function of the coordinate measuring machine. 2, the advantages of the CMM are as follows: A, probe can be moved in space along the X, Y, Z three axes, and their settings to the right-angle scale or polar coordinates. B, the five sides of the workpiece cube can be measured without changing the position of the workpiece, if you add the appropriate fixtures and special probes, the sixth side can also be measured. C. The operation and measurement of the CMM do not require special skills to be competent D. It can set the origin of the working coordinate system at any position and calculate the measurement result by indirect main algorithm, which increases the function and flexibility of measurement. E. Computer data processing machine, fast and accurate calculation of the measurement value, with the teaching program to automate the measurement of the CMM. F. Replace the traditional measurement method, improve the accuracy of inspection, and for high-precision products, can be 100% inspection. G. Complex workpieces and workpieces with high measuring difficulty can be measured accurately. H. Significantly reduce the inspection time, inspection costs, inspection labor, and increase the efficiency of measurement. Function 1, CNC motorized desktop: (to soft function control worktable, increase the operator to use and operate on the convenience) 2, CNC automatic measurement: according to the customer's own program to automatically measure the size of the product, the measured value can be automatically transferred to Excel to generate statistical reports. 3, SPC data conversion (process capability analysis): can measure the data output to Excel for analysis. 4, AutoCAD standard engineering drawings input: AutoCAD standard engineering drawings can be input directly into the image of the plotter software, so that AutoCAD engineering drawings of the actual workpiece shape overlap for comparison, so as to find out the difference between the workpiece and the engineering drawings. 5, graphics output to AutoCAD and automatic alignment: can be based on the real-time image of the actual shape of the workpiece depicted in the image according to the actual need to set their own benchmarks and alignment in the transmission process. 6、Automatically take the line, take the circle: no need to take the line or circle manually, in a certain range of the software can automatically capture the most accurate line or circle. 8, scanning the shape of the workpiece as a map of the action: the origin of the map (shape of the map) in the form of an action map, if the mouse is the workbench will automatically move your click to the center of the screen. 9, JPEG image input: you can enter the JPEG image stored in the previous photo Xing real-time image of the actual workpiece overlap comparison. 10、Bird's eye view: You can observe the full graphic of the workpiece and have a zoom function similar to AutoCAD. 11, in the bird's-eye view of the full view of the marking: you can mark the dimensions in the full view of the U view. 12, customized circle: can be customized according to customer needs of the standard map (by the customer to define their own circle center coordinates, diameter, radius). And then overlap the standard circle and the workpiece in the image for comparison, so as to find the error between the workpiece and the standard graph. 13, custom line: customers define their own starting point coordinates, length, angle of rotation, and then overlap with the image of the workpiece for comparison, so as to find the error between the workpiece and the standard graphics. 14, direct drawing: directly move the table to the center of the crosshairs when drawing lines, circles, arcs can not only be generated directly in AutoCAD graphics at the same time in the image of the plotter software to generate the same shape and location of the graphics. 15, self-setting customer coordinates: according to the customer's own needs in the real-time image of the actual workpiece to set their own coordinates on the origin (0, 0), and then (0, 0) point as a benchmark in the screen at any point on the marking of the point of the X, Y coordinates of the position. 16, coordinate labeling: to set their own coordinates of the origin (0, 0) as a reference, mark any point on the map coordinate position. 17, patented R angle function: the market for the accurate plane to take R angle way. 18, measurement: can measure any geometric dimensions on the plane (angle, diameter, radius, point to line distance, the eccentricity of the circle, the distance between the two circles, etc.). 20, automatically capture the graphic line of the nodes: you can automatically capture the starting point of the line, the midpoint, the end point and the intersection of the two lines, the center of the circle and three nodes on the circumference of the circle, used to assist in marking the drawing and other sets of functions. 21, the shape of the product tracing, tracing out the graphics can be transferred to AutoCAD to form engineering drawings Set of areas Widely used in automotive, electronics, machinery, automotive, aviation, military, mold and other industries, such as boxes, racks, gears, cams, worm wheels, worm gears, blades, curves, surfaces, etc., measurement, hardware, plastics, and other industries, can be the size of the workpiece, the shape and the shape of the tolerance of the precision testing, so as to complete the parts inspection, shape measurement, hardware, plastic, and so on, and so on, and so forth. Thus, it can accomplish the tasks of parts inspection, shape measurement and process control. Basic Information Introduction VMC is a research and development of high precision automatic image measuring instrument, cohesion of machinery, control, software and other related fields of the most sophisticated scientific research results. It further improves the measuring accuracy on the basis of VMP, and the performance indexes directly hit the international high-end brands, which is the automatic image measuring instrument with high precision and stable performance in China. Features ◆ High-end configuration, ultra-precision automatic measurement, four-axis CNC control; ◆ Three-axis THK precision linear slide, precision transmission system; ◆ Renishaw open scale, high precision, good stability; ◆ Navitar auto-doubling optics, automatic doubling measurements can be realized; ◆ All-mouse, joystick operation, simple and easy to use; ◆ Programmable 6-ring, 8-zone ring surface light source, LED Contour light source, coaxial light source; ◆ Automatic focus height measurement, can be added contact probe; ◆ Vispec automatic image measurement software (high-end version); ◆ Provide a variety of travel specification configuration, such as 222, 322, 332, 432, 442, 542 and so on. Principle of operation The CMM is a generalized digital measuring device based on coordinate measurement. It firstly transforms the measurement of each measured geometric element into the measurement of the coordinate position of some point sets on these geometric elements, and after measuring the coordinate position of these points, then according to the spatial coordinate value of these points, mathematical operation is performed to find out their dimensions and form and position errors.This working principle of CMM makes it has great versatility and flexibility. In principle, it can measure any parameter of any geometric element of any workpiece. CMM Coordinate Analogies Tertiary = Spatial Coordinate System (x-axis, y-axis, z-axis)