Water city Shaoxing is known as the "Venice of the East", Shaoxing water is not only related to the topographic features of the region, but also with the last sea invasion of the Late Pleistocene has a close connection. Geographically, Shaoxing is located in northeastern Zhejiang Province, south of Mount Huijie, north of the Shao Yu Plain (is the western part of the Ningshao Plain, anciently known as the Shanhui Plain), from the mouth of the Qiantang River, Hangzhou Bay, about 20 kilometers. Huijishan belongs to the Mesozoic uplift of the Wuyi Mountain remnants, after a long period of weathering and stripping, the mountain terrain is low and gentle, the elevation is more than 500 meters below, the Shao Yu Plain by the Qiantang River, Puyangjiang River and Cao'e River alluvial three rivers, is a river alluvial plains, the surface of the covered with a layer of silt, the whole plain is open and flat, the average elevation of less than 7 meters. Several times in the Late Pleistocene sea invasion, here once appeared the phenomenon of sea and land changes and migration of residents. According to the evidence, the last ice age of the Quaternary Alps Jade Mountain Ice Age heyday, the sea level is more than a hundred meters lower than now, the time in 12,000 years ago, when the Ningshao Plain has a wider range, to the north and east of the continental shelf to extend. Because the Ningshao Plain is backed by mountains and facing the sea, it is open and flat, with warm and hot climate, rich soil and water, and the northern Siming Mountain and Huiji Mountain area are rich in mountains and forests, and abundant in fuel, the habitat is uniquely favorable. One of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, Yu Yue ancestors in this area, they have accumulated a large number of agricultural production technology, "Zhou Li - Job Fang's", said the southeast Yangzhou, "the valley of its rice", Hemudu early Neolithic cultural excavations found in the remains of cultivated rice and a large number of pottery fragments, indicating that rice farming is the main industry here, the primitive pottery industry in Shaoxing at this time, the main industry. Primitive pottery industry at this time in Shaoxing has also formed a rapid development. In 7000-6000 years ago, when the last sea invasion reached its peak, the Ningshao Plain once again became an ocean, and the Ningshao Plain and Hangjiahu Plain on both sides of Hangzhou Bay nowadays became a shallow sea connected with each other, and the Yue people retreated from the northern plains one after another. According to historical records, part of the original Yue people across the Qiantang River to the hills of western Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu; part of the east into the East China Sea, became the islanders; to stay in the local Yue people with the Ning Shao Plain natural environment from north to south deteriorating gradually retreated into the south of the Huijie, Simeing mountains, which later became the real indigenous inhabitants of Shaoxing, the site of Hemudu is the last of the Yue people into the mountains of the plains of the last one of the settlements. Until the reign of King Goujian, the sea water gradually withdrew from the plains, the Yue people once again out of the mountains, the development of the northern plains. At that time, the Shao Yu Plain was still a salt-filled and muddy place, full of interconnected lagoons. History records, in 490 BC, the Yue Wang Goujian use Zhongshan (now Wolong Mountain) topography, along the foothills of a piece of flat land, built Goujian small city, became the prototype of Shaoxing city, Shaoxing from the Spring and Autumn period has been the development of the city to the present time up to 2,500 years long, which is rare in our country's history. In the ancient times when the productivity level was extremely low, it can be said that the superior water environment plays an extremely important role in the formation and development of the city.
Shaoxing has a lot of water, Li Daoyuan in the "water Jingji" has a paragraph describing, "Ten thousand streams have been put together, Tao Lake flooding decision, touching the ground into a river, branches of the Jin into the canal." Since the Spring and Autumn Period, with the increasing population, people's development and utilization of the Shao Yu Plain has been accelerating, and the backwater of the sea tide, the excessive salinity of the land, and the lack of irrigation water sources have become three important factors restricting the development of local agricultural production. East Han Yonghe five years (140 years), Huiji county magistrate Ma Zhen to Huiji County (now Shaoxing City) as the center of the dike water storage, from the foot of the Huiji Mountain north until the Shaoxing City line between the formation of a large reservoir with an area of 200 square kilometers, which is historically known as the Jianhu Lake Water Conservancy Project. The outer embankment of Jianhu Lake is built with bucket doors, gates, weirs and other different sizes of drainage and irrigation equipment, through the crisscrossing artificial irrigation canals to the north of the farmland water transfer, so that the land floods and droughts to ensure a good harvest, and promote the development of the local economy. At the same time, numerous artificial canals appeared on the northern plain. With the later completion of the northern sea pond, shaoyu plain (ancient times called shanhui plain) less threatened by the salty tides of hangzhou bay, jianhu dilution of salt soil function is gradually lost. In jianhu lake since nearly a thousand years, due to the origin of the huiqi mountain, siaming mountain foothills of many streams and ditches of the influence of the sediment continuously siltation, the lake bottom gradually rise, jianhu lake and lost the function of water storage and flood control. To the population pressure is extremely serious in the Tang and Song dynasties, the region because of the shortage of land, the contradiction between people and land is becoming more prominent, Song Zhenzong Dazhongxiangfu (A.D. 1010 years) later, "stealing the lake for the field" has become a common occurrence. Wang Shipeng of the Southern Song Dynasty once said: "Every year, the rain is a little more than the field to flooding, sunny not long and the lake has been exhausted." Can see the Southern Song Dynasty, Jianhu has completely lost its role. Annihilation of Jianhu disappeared, leaving many natural lakes around the city of Shaoxing, according to "Huiji" records: after the disappearance of Jianhu, the formation of the East and West two lakes, including the East Lake group of floating lakes, Baita Yang, Xie Duli Lake, Kangjia Lake, Lake Quan, West Turnip Lake and so on; West Lake group of Lake Zhou, Kong Lake, casting Lake, ???Shihu, Rongshan Lake, Lake Autumn, Lake, and so on, and they
With the Xiaoshao Canal, the northern irrigation canal, and Cao'e River, Pu River, and so on, and so forth. Canal, the northern irrigation canal, and natural rivers such as the Cao'e River and the Puyang River, which become the water transportation channel between urban and rural areas of Shaoxing. But in a sense, the existence of rivers and lakes but blocked the development of land transportation, boat transport naturally became the most important means of transportation in Shaoxing city and countryside after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty Jianhu, but also an important source of economic resources of the ancient Shaoxing people. Local residents of urban and rural areas, building houses facing the river, cut stone for the port, "dock home", "one-sided street", "eight bridges" and so on become the Jiangnan water town unique Shaoxing characteristics of the important landscape.
In the Spring and Autumn period, King Goujian said: "water in the mountains, the boat for the car, oar for the horse." Boat in shaoxing should be in the spring and autumn before the origin of the late pleistocene last sea invasion, so that the breeding in ning shao plains on the yue yue nationality, forced to change their labor life customs, abandon the plains of farming habits manipulation of the mountains and sea fishing and hunting life, learn to adapt to the environment of the water, the snake totem culture is the Yue nationality "people and water" is an important witness. Yuyao Hemudu site of the fourth cultural layer of excavation found in the engraved pattern of the wood pulp, enough to illustrate, in Shaoxing boat as a means of transportation history. However, so far in the historical records, the word "crow boat" first appeared in the Song Dynasty, the famous patriotic poet Lu You, when he lived in his hometown of Shaoxing, the local people's countryside leisure life has been described in the following poem: "light boat eight feet, low canopy three, accounted for the broken Pingzhou smoke and rain". This is the earliest written description of the boat, it can be seen, the boat in the Southern Song Dynasty has become an indispensable means of transportation in the production life of Shaoxing people. The appearance of the boat and the disappearance of the lake in time can be said to coincide with the disappearance of the lake, this and the disappearance of the lake, shaoxing city and countryside, dense network of rivers and lakes to block the development of land transportation is inseparable. In shaoxing, crow boat as a cargo and passenger transportation, the turnover of the convenience is better than land transportation, and a large number of cultural, tourism, customs and other activities, Lu Xun by the text of the shaoxing people sitting in the crow boat to watch the opera is a good example.
Wuwenboat on the one hand, reflecting the environment of Shaoxing water, at the same time, but also Shaoxing people in the production of life
Life in the long term with the crystallization of the water, Wuwenboat form, materials, shapes, colors, decorations, power settings are reflected in the Shaoxing watery geography and Shaoxing people's special production and living customs. Ancient shuttle in shaoxing city and countryside between the water on the boat there are two kinds, one is the white boat, for sailing, belong to the current cargo ship; Another is the crow's nest, belongs to the sitting people with passengers with the passenger ship. According to the size of the boat can be divided into four bright tile, three bright tile, foot rowing (read uoa sound) boat and so on several kinds. Crowning boat canopy is semi-circular, made of bamboo, bamboo and bamboo slice between the clip some bamboo Ruo, rainy days to block the rain seepage, bamboo coated with a layer of black oil, conducive to the rain slide; two fixed round tent called "fixed tent", and in the fixed between the tent there is a fan that can be slid through the light of the round tent, above inlaid with a piece of a one-inch square can be light through the thin oyster shells, when it rains, the boat can be used to carry passengers, the boat is a passenger boat. The thin oyster shells that can let in light are inlaid with a piece of one-inch-square thin oyster shells that can let in light. Therefore, the local people call this round tent "Mingwa". Three Ming tile is the middle cabin has two, aft cabin has a Ming tile of a kind. In Shaoxing, than the four Ming tile bigger than a large boat, the hull carved with patterns, patterns, the bow carved, painted like a tiger image of the animal, locals call it "Yibiao", its image is very strange, like a smile, and fear. This has a close relationship with the water environment of the ancient Vietnamese people have lived for a long time, when the sea invasion reached its peak, most of the land in the north of the ancient Vietnamese became an ocean, the Vietnamese people fishing in the sea, often encountered big storms and waves and accidents of boat overthrow and death. It was the sacred desire of the Yue people to subdue the sea dragons and to ensure that the sea was calm for their fishing and sailing boats. The bird of prey resides deep in the sea, and the nature of the dragon, the dragon sees and avoids, so the boat people painted it on the bow of the boat, so that the dragon can not be haunted on the water to ensure that boating peace, and the descendants have been used to the present day.
Anciently, many officials and tycoons often sat on the big boat (now replaced by luxury motor yachts) to visit, sweep the graves, welcome relatives and watch the opera; some writers and writers also drank and composed poems on the boat, leaving a lot of treasures. Mr. Lu Xun's "literati wine boat", commonly known as "shuttle fly" is the Sanming tile. Traveling in a crow's nest boat is now a major feature of Shaoxing tourism. At present, shuttle in shaoxing city and countryside between the major attractions of the crow's nest boat most of the foot rowing boat, the boat can be a small one-man operation, flexible and convenient, conducive to receiving guests carrier; foot rowing boat tour of shaoxing, shaoxing is currently the most fashionable way to travel, the boat driving on the canal as if it were a flat boat, the bottom of the boat is often padded with some grass mats, tourists on board the boat after the ground to sit on the top of the roof, the top of the head from the top of the canopy only two, thirty centimeters, the boat sitting in the back of a helmsman, hand and foot and use, skillful and self-satisfied. The power to move the boat forward comes from the boatman's feet, the boatman's feet stomping oars, the boat will move forward steadily, the meaning of "foot rowing" is wonderful in this, clamped in the boatman's armpits rowing wooden paddle is the rudder,
With which you can control the direction of the boat. Warmer days, visitors can put their hands out of the boat, resting on the left and right side of the boat, and sometimes gently beat the water, such as ducks playing in the water. Sitting full of tourists on the crow's nest boat, the boat body "draft" deeper, the tourists' line of sight is often about the same as the water outside the boat, travel by such a boat, as if sitting on the calm water, when the boat traveling in the city, in front of the skyscrapers and simple "eight" bridge from the side and overhead. and overhead "walk" through, as if playing the slow-motion scenery of the Jiangnan water town. Whenever the boat "walking" in the countryside waterway, both sides of the ridge and close to the eyes and nose, can from time to time smell the soil and field crops issued by the aroma, so that people are relaxed and happy. Shaoxing crow boat has been famous at home and abroad, Shaoxing municipal government timely put forward the construction of the slogan of the city of tourism more crow boat reflects its tourism value to provide a better opportunity, in Shaoxing, the crow boat is not only a special means of transportation, but also an invaluable tourism industry, Shaoxing people make full use of the natural water environment, digging hidden in the internal cultural connotations of the crow boat to fully demonstrate Shaoxing's unique landscape scenery, Historical background, local customs and local specialties. A boatwoman recruitment will attract many students from all over the country, the boat is Shaoxing people's tourism industry, but also the valuable wealth of all mankind.
"Yinyin Road on the line, such as in the mirror tour" to the water countryside of the world-renowned Shaoxing, since ancient times for the celebrated tourist attractions. 1982, was announced by the State Council as one of the first twenty-four national historical and cultural cities. Shaoxing City is now open to the public nearly 200 tourist attractions, "long Jianhu water, thick ancient Yue feelings". Shaoxing with its rich cultural landscape, beautiful water town scenery, local customs and attractive and known in the world, since ancient times that is for tourists want to visit the resort. Shaoxing is such a strong local color of the famous water city. Long ancient fiber road, green water crystal, stone bridge, light boat shuttle, there are 1900 kilometers of rivers of all sizes, more than 4000 bridges, constituting a typical Jiangnan water town scenery. East Lake cave bridge reflected, the water is blue in the sky; five leaks into waterfalls, five folding square down; Ke rock scenery, ghostly craftsmanship; Lanting to Wang Xizhi's "Lanting set of preface" and known as the calligraphy resort; Shen Garden is due to the love tragedy of Lu You, Tang Wan, so that the later sigh; in addition to the Tang Dynasty Slender Road, the six mausoleums in the Southern Song Dynasty, Ming and Qing Dynasty arch bridges, as well as with the associated Shaoxing local customs, in order to the Wupeng boat, Wufeli Hat, Wugansai as a representative of, and the water is the most important part of the water. In thousands of years of historical evolution, has accumulated a rich cultural connotation and present a unique local style, admirable and fascinating.
There are four distinct seasons in the territory, the climate is humid, the light is sufficient, the average annual temperature is 16.4. C, the average annual precipitation is 1300 millimeters.
Landscape: Eight Bridges, Half Pavilion, Royal Monument Pavilion, Mount Huiji, Mirror Water Falls, Goblet Pavilion, Song Six Tombs, Xianheng Hotel, Yuanxian Garden, Yuejiu Chunxiao, Yuezhong Famous Scholar's Court, Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall, the former residence of Cai Yuanpei.
Shaoxing's economy can be said to be largely driven by tourism. The topography of Shaoxing makes it a good environment for tourism development.
Located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the more economically developed areas, land and water transportation is convenient, close to the market, close to Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo and other economically developed cities, is conducive to the development of the economy.